脂肪酶Rhizopus chinensis催化水解大豆粉末磷脂制备L-α-甘油磷脂酰乙醇胺北大核心CSCD

为考察脂肪酶Rhizopus chinensis催化水解大豆粉末磷脂制备L-α-甘油磷脂酰乙醇胺(L-α-GPE)的可行性,采用脂肪酶Rhizopus chinensis催化水解大豆粉末磷脂制备L-α-GPE,通过单因素实验考察了pH、大豆粉末磷脂质量浓度、反应温度、CaCl_(2)质量浓度、酶浓度对L-α-GPE得率的影响,并对纯化产品进行了红外光谱和超高效液相色谱电喷雾四极杆飞行时间质谱(UPLC-Q-TOF-MS)结构验证。结果表明:在pH 7,大豆粉末磷脂质量浓度5 mg/mL,大豆粉末磷脂磷酸盐缓冲溶液中添加终质量浓度为2 mg/mL的CaCl_(2)、终浓度为30 U/mL的脂肪酶Rhizopus chinensis,于45℃下反应15 h后,L-α-GPE得率为93.8%。产品经分离纯化后得到纯度为99.2%的浅黄色黏稠液体,经结构验证确为L-α-GPE。     

水相体系酶法制备甘油磷脂酰胆碱的研究

研究了脂肪酶(Thermo4S-3)在水相体系中制备甘油磷脂酰胆碱(GPC)的可行性,并探讨了脂肪酶水解条件对GPC得率的影响。实验结果表明脂肪酶(Thermo4S-3)可以实现豆粉末磷脂的水解反应,具有制备甘油磷酸胆碱(GPC)的工业应用前景。正交实验优化结果如下:反应温度40℃,底物浓度33.3g/L,酶添加量30U/mL,CaCl2添加量2g/L。利用HPLC-ELSD进行定量分析,GPC得率达到96.5%。LC-MS/MS定性分析,GPC的结构与标样分析的一致。     

醇相体系制备高纯甘油磷脂酰胆碱的研究

探讨了在醇相体系中甲醇钠催化制备甘油磷脂酰胆碱(L-alpha glycerylphosphorylcholine)的可行性,建立了磷脂酰胆碱(phosphatidylcholine)和L-α-GPC的HPLC-ELSD检测方法,研究了温度、料液比、甲醇钠添加量、反应时间对PC转化率和GPC得率的影响。利用Design Expert软件对工艺参数进行优化,得最佳条件:温度35℃、料液比3/20(g/mL)、甲醇钠添加量2 mL、反应时间1.5 h,GPC得率为88.2%。极差分析结果,反应条件对GPC得率影响的顺序为:甲醇钠添加量>温度>反应时间>料液比。大豆粉末磷脂的醇解反应液经过硅胶柱色谱纯化,最终可以得到纯度为99.8%的L-α-GPC,回收率78.4%,这为工业级规模制备高纯L-α-GPC提供了一种好的思路和方法。     

水相体系酶法制备溶血磷脂酰乙醇胺研究

探索了磷脂酶A1在水相体系中酶解制备溶血磷脂酰乙醇胺(LPE)的可行性,并进行了酶解条件对LPE相对含量的影响研究。得到最佳酶解条件为:磷脂酰乙醇胺(PE)的纯度为80%,液料比10∶1,酶解温度35℃,酶添加量0.04 m L/g,Ca Cl2添加量0.010 g/m L,酶解时间30 min。在最佳酶解条件下,得到酶解产物中的LPE相对含量为42.0%。     

缩醛磷脂酰胆碱和缩醛磷脂酰乙醇胺的制备及其对氧自由基的清除作用

为探索猪心脏中缩醛磷脂酰胆碱(plas-PC)和缩醛磷脂酰乙醇胺(plas-PE)的制备方法并评价其对氧自由基的清除能力,以猪心脏为原料,经总磷脂提取、磷脂酰胆碱(PC)和磷脂酰乙醇胺(PE)柱层析分离、碱水解制备缩醛磷脂、硅酸柱层析等过程,研究了缩醛磷脂酰胆碱和缩醛磷脂酰乙醇胺的制备方法,并采用超氧阴离子自由基、羟自由基抑制法评价了其抗氧化活性.结果表明,在优化层析条件下,获得的PC纯度为93.5%,产率为36.3%;PE的纯度为91.6%,产率为18.5%.以硅酸为介质进行分步洗脱,获得的plas-PC和plas-PE的纯度为90.2%和92.5%,含磷量为1.67mg/mL和2.18mg/mL,基于总磷脂的产率为3.3%和4.3%.10.0mg/mL plas-PE和plas-PC对超氧阴离子自由基及羟自由基抑制率分别为46.10%、39.11%和33.39%、31.01%.     

高效液相色谱法测定磷脂软胶囊中磷脂酰胆碱、磷脂酰肌醇、磷脂酰乙醇胺的含量

目的建立高效液相色谱法同时检测磷脂软胶囊中磷脂酰胆碱(phosphatidyl cholines, PC),磷脂酰乙醇胺(phosphatidyl ethanolamine, PE),磷脂酰肌醇(phosphatidylinositol, PI)3种组分的含量。方法样品用甲醇超声提取后,经Bridge?HILIC色谱柱(4.6 mm×150 mm, 5μm)分离,以0.9 mmol/L甲酸铵溶液-乙腈为流动相进行梯度洗脱,流速为1.0 mL/min;柱温30℃;检测波长为205 nm,外标法定量。结果磷脂酰胆碱,磷脂酰乙醇胺,磷脂酰肌醇在浓度0.025～0.250mg/mL范围内线性关系良好,相关系数均大于0.99,检出限分为0.300～1.386 mg/g,定量限为1.002～4.624 mg/g,加标回收率分别为90%～105%,相对标准偏差为1.0%～4.0%。结论该方法高效,便捷,准确度高,适用于磷脂软胶囊中3种磷脂成分的同时检测。     

柱层析法分离大豆磷脂

通过实验探讨了使用低压制备色谱柱在等度洗脱方式下分离大豆磷脂中的磷脂酰肌醇(PI)、磷脂酰乙醇胺(PE)、磷脂酰胆碱(PC)等成分.结果表明,在使用100cm×26 mm规格的色谱柱、氯仿-甲醇(2∶1)作为流动相、流速控制在3.0 mL/min,负载量为0.25 g/150 g硅胶(100～200目)的条件下可以分离得到PI纯度在90%以上、PE纯度在80%以上、PC纯度在95%以上的各种产品.     

甲氧基聚乙二醇2000-氢化大豆磷脂酰乙醇胺的制备及性能探究

本研究以大豆浓缩磷脂为原料,从生产中将卵磷脂（PC）副产物磷脂酰乙醇胺（PE）进行纯化,并在超临界CO2条件下进行氢化,后与聚乙二醇单甲醚2000酰氯培化,得到稳定性高的甲氧基聚乙二醇2000-氢化大豆磷脂酰乙醇胺（MPEG2000-HSPE）。采用95%的乙醇,在料液比为1:3,温度为-13 ℃的条件下去除副产物中的残余PC,再用90%的石油醚,在料液比为1:4,温度为30 ℃的条件下进行萃取,去除肌醇等其他磷脂,使PE纯度达到91.28%,得率为86.83%。在总压力为11 MPa（CO2分压7 MPa、氢气分压4 MPa）,pd/c催化剂用量为4%,氢化温度为60 ℃,氢化时间为120 min,搅拌速度为300 r/min时,碘值和反式脂肪酸含量显著降低。当氢化磷脂酰乙醇胺（HSPE）与聚乙二醇单甲醚2000酰氯比例为3.5:1,三乙胺添加量为3 mL时,反应温度50 ℃,反应时间4 h,产物转化率为84.63%。通过红外光谱分析发现,发现原料中的-NH2消失,产物中出现-NH基团,产物吸光度为0.631、碘值为23.27 gI2/100g、水-正己烷两相分开10 ml时间为392 s,所得产品分散性好、稳定性高。     

响应面法优化醇相体系制备高纯甘油磷脂酰肌醇的研究

在醇相体系中研究了甲醇钠催化磷脂酰肌醇(Phosphtidylinositol,PI)制备甘油磷脂酰肌醇(Glycerylplaosphoinositol,GPI)的效果。在单因素试验的基础上,采用响应面设计软件对反应条件进行了优化,得到最佳反应条件为:反应温度35℃,反应时间2.59-h,催化剂添加量3.50 mL,料液比1:2.22(m/V),在此条件下,PI转化率和GPI得率分别为92.16%和84.31%。经过树脂柱色谱和硅胶柱色谱纯化后,GPI的纯度和回收率可达到98.71%和72.10%,为规模化制备GPI提供了数据支撑和技术支持。     

冷冻结晶法纯化制备高纯度磷脂酰乙醇胺

为解决工厂低磷脂酰胆碱（PC）含量大豆粉末磷脂的积压问题,以及获得高纯度的磷脂酰乙醇胺（PE）,以用碱性乙醇从低PC含量大豆粉末磷脂中提取的粗PE产品为原料,通过冷冻结晶法纯化制备高纯度PE。在单因素实验的基础上,以PE含量为指标,通过响应面实验对冷冻结晶纯化条件进行了优化。结果表明,PE的最佳冷冻结晶纯化条件为：料液比1∶40,冷冻时间21.5 h,冷冻温度-25℃,乙醇体积分数94%,乙醇碱浓度为94%乙醇与25%氨水体积比100∶8。在最佳条件下,产品PE含量为76.56%,PE回收率为81.25%。因此,冷冻结晶法纯化工艺可用于制备高纯度PE。     

Textural Properties of Cold-set Gels Induced from Heat-denatured Whey Protein Isolates

A 9% whey protein (WP) isolate solution at pH 7.0 was heat-denatured at 80°C for 30 min. Size-exclusion HPLC showed that native WP formed soluble aggregates after heat-treatment. Additions of CaCl2 (10–40 mM), NaCl (50–400 mM) or glucono-delta-lactone (GDL, 0.4–2.0%, w/v) or hydrolysis by a protease from Bacillus licheniformis caused gelation of the denatured solution at 45°C. Textural parameters, hardness, adhesiveness, and cohesiveness of the gels so formed changed markedly with concentration of added salts or pH by added GDL. Maximum gel hardness occurred at 200 mM NaCl or pH 4.7. Increasing CaCl2 concentration continuously increased gel hardness. Generally, GDL-induced gels were harder than salt-induced gels, and much harder than the protease-induced gel.     

Occurrence of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in fish canned in oil

The levels of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) were quantified as part of a European survey on the migration of residues of epoxy resins into oil from canned fish. The contents of BFDGE in cans, lids and fish collected from all 15 Member States of the European Union and Switzerland were analysed in 382 samples. Cans and lids were separately extracted with acetonitrile. The extraction from fish was carried out with hexane followed by re-extraction with acetonitrile. The analysis was performed by reverse phase HPL C with fluorescence detection. BFDGE could be detected in 12% of the fish, 24% of the cans and 18% of the lids. Only 3% of the fish contained BFDGE in concentrations considerably above 1mg/kg. In addition to the presented data, a comparison was made with the levels of BADGE (bisphenol-A-diglycidyl ether)analysed in the same products in the context of a previous study.     

Contribution of European research to risk analysis

The European Commission's, Quality of Life Research Programme, Key Action 1—Health, Food & Nutrition is mission-oriented and aims, amongst other things, at providing a healthy, safe and high-quality food supply leading to reinforced consumer confidence in the safety of European food. Its objectives also include the enhancing of the competitiveness of the European food supply. Key Action 1 is currently supporting a number of different types of European collaborative projects in the area of risk analysis. The objectives of these projects range from the development and validation of prevention strategies including the reduction of consumers risks; development and validation of new modelling approaches; harmonization of risk assessment principles, methodologies, and terminology; standardization of methods and systems used for the safety evaluation of transgenic food; providing of tools for the evaluation of human viral contamination of shellfish and quality control; new methodologies for assessing the potential of unintended effects of genetically modified (genetically modified) foods; development of a risk assessment model for Cryptosporidium parvum related to the food and water industries; to the development of a communication platform for genetically modified organism, producers, retailers, regulatory authorities and consumer groups to improve safety assessment procedures, risk management strategies and risk communication; development and validation of new methods for safety testing of transgenic food; evaluation of the safety and efficacy of iron supplementation in pregnant women; evaluation of the potential cancer-preventing activity of pro- and pre-biotic ('synbiotic') combinations in human volunteers. An overview of these projects is presented here.     

低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性

为研究低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性,以经低温脱脂的带皮菜籽粕为原料,经微粉碎后筛分成212~425μm、150~212μm和106~150μm的3个不同粒级的微粉样品,检测这些样品的吸水性、吸油性、乳化性和乳化稳定性、蛋白质体外消化率。结果表明:1 3个不同粒级的微粉样品之间的粗纤维含量存在显著差异,表明三者的结构组成成分有一定差异。23个微粉样品的乳化活性和乳化稳定性随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。33个微粉样品的蛋白质体外消化率随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。4不同粒级带皮菜籽粕微粉样品的吸水性与吸油性受其结构组成物质不同和粒度的双重影响,与粒度的相关性不明显。     

Microbiology of food taints

Fresh and processed foods are often spoilt by the presence of undesirable flavours and odours caused by microbial action. The aim of this paper is to review the current knowledge of microbiologically induced taints that occur in a wide range of foodstuffs, including meats, poultry, fish, crustaceans, milk, dairy products, fruits, vegetables, cereals and cereal products. Examples have been chosen where the compounds responsible for the taint have been identified and sufficient data obtained to demonstrate the involvement of microorganisms. However, in some cases the full identity of the causative organism may not have been elucidated. The types of microorganisms covered by this review include bacteria, fungi, yeasts, actinomycetes and cyanobacteria. Although cyanobacteria do not in general infect foods, their presence in aqueous systems and water supplies can lead to off-flavours in aquatic organisms and processed foodstuffs. Several examples of each of these processes are discussed. Wherever possible, the likely biosynthetic pathway used by the microorganism to produce the offending compound in a foodstuff is indicated.     

Analysis for organic residues from aids to polymerization used to make plastics intended for food contact

Polymers intended for food contact use have been analysed for organic residues which could be attributed to a range of substances employed as polymerization aids (e.g. initiators and catalysts). A wide range of polymers was extracted with solvents and the extracts analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The overwhelming majority of substances identified were not derived from aids to polymerization but were oligomers, additives and adventitious contaminants. However, a small number of substances were identified as initiator residues. These included tetramethylsuccinonitrile (TMSN) which was observed in two polymers and it derived from recombination of two azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) initiator radicals. Methyl benzoate, benzoic acid, biphenyl and phenyl benzoate were detected in one poly(methyl methacrylate) sample and in two polyvinylchlorides and they are thought to be derived from benzoyl peroxide initiator. TMSN was subsequently targeted for analysis of poly-(methyl methacrylate) plastics using proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry (¹     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part II: Medium molecular weight permeants

Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of different medium molecular weight model permeants: bisphenol A, warfarin and anthracene, from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 microns-thick orientated polypropylene--OPP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. The characterization of permeation kinetics generally observed the permeation models previously reported to explain the experimental permeation results obtained for a low molecular weight group of model permeants. In general, the model permeants exhibited behaviour consistent with their relative molecular weights with respect to (a) the time taken to attain steady-state permeation into the food simulant in which they were more soluble, (b) their subsequent steady-state permeation rates, and (c) their partition between liquid paraffin and the OPP membrane.     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. I: Interlaboratory studies of methods of analysis

This paper describes the first part of a project undertaken to develop mussel reference materials for Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning (PSP) toxins. Two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin (STX) and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin (dc-STX) in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the second part of the project: the certification exercise. In the first study, 18 laboratories were asked to measure STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and to identify as many other PSP toxins as possible with a method of their choice. In the second interlaboratory study, 15 laboratories were additionally asked to determine quantitatively STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The first study revealed that three out of four postcolumn derivatization methods and one pre-column derivatization method sufficed in principle to determine STX and dc-STX. Most participants (13 of 18) obtained acceptable calibration curves and recoveries. Saxitoxin was hardly detected in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels and results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 58% at a mass fraction of 1.86 mg/kg. Most participants (14 out of 18) identified gonyautoxin-5 (GTX-5) in a hydrolysed extract provided. The first study led to provisional criteria for linearity, recovery and separation. The second study revealed that 6 out of 15 laboratories were able to meet these criteria. Results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 3.49mg/kg. Results obtained for STX in the saxitoxin-enriched material yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 0.34mg/kg. Saxitoxin could not be detected in the PSP-positive material. Hydrolysis was useful to confirm the identity of GTX5 and provided indicative information about C1 and C2 toxins in the PSP-positive material. The methods used in the second interlaboratory study showed sufficiently consistent analysis results to undertake a certification exercise to assign certified values for STX and dc-STX in lyophilized mussel.     

The Ministry of Environmental Protection Issued "Feasible Technology Guidelines for Pollution Prevention and Control in Wood Pulping Process of the Paper Industry (Trial)" and Two Other Guiding Technical Documents

On December 27t＂, 2013, the Ministry of Environmenta Protection announced that, in order to implement ＂The Environmental Protection Law of the People＇ s Republic of China＂, improve the working system in environmenta protection technologies, and promote technologica advancement in pollution prevention, the Ministry of Environmental Protection sponsored the formulation of three guiding technical documents including ＂Feasible Technology Guidelines for Pollution Prevention and Contro n Wood Pulping Process of the Paper Industry （Trial）＂     

1~(st) Intelli-Tissue~ EcoEc Tissue Machine Supplied by PMP Group Successfully Put into Operation in China

正On April 29th,2014,Intelli-Tissue EcoEc tissue machine supplied by PMP Group successfully put into operation at Hebei Xuesong Paper Co.,Ltd.,this is the first such kind of paper machine of PMP Group in China.