CMC/木质纤维复合纸的制备及性能

以羧甲基纤维素(CMC)和桉木浆为原料,将桉木浆抄造成纸张后浸渍CMC溶液制备CMC/木质纤维复合纸。探讨了CMC的浸渍量对复合纸的光学性能(透光率和雾度)、力学性能(拉伸强度和耐折度)的影响规律。结果表明:当CMC的浸渍量为65%时,CMC/木质纤维复合纸具有优异的光学性能和力学性能,其透光率为91%,雾度为82%,拉伸强度达142 MPa,耐折次数为1516次。     

耐热型纸吸管纸的制备及性能研究

以漂白硫酸盐针叶木浆和阔叶木浆为原料,通过湿法成形、表面施胶及涂布耐热胶黏剂制备耐热型纸吸管纸,主要采用挺度、环压强度、湿抗张强度及接触角等指标评价纸吸管纸性能;对比探究了耐热胶黏剂与普通胶黏剂对纸吸管性能及使用安全性的影响。结果表明,CW/AKD混合乳液施胶量为14 g/m²,AKD用量为0.10%（相对于原纸定量,其中里纸定量100～140 g/m²,面纸定量40～80 g/m²）时,纸吸管里纸、面纸挺度分别为3.59 mN·m和2.63 mN·m,环压强度分别为1.75 kN/m和0.37 kN/m,抗张强度分别为7.68 kN/m和3.57 kN/m,湿抗张强度分别为1.43 kN/m和0.78 kN/m,吸收性分别为29.8 g/m²和27.2 g/m²,接触角分别达到145.9°和149.4°;热水抽出物含量分别为3.252%和3.312%,浸泡液浊度均在2 NTU左右;耐热胶黏剂不仅具有普通胶黏剂一样的黏合强度,且耐热、不溶于水,可用于耐热型纸吸管纸的黏合,且满足耐热型纸吸管纸的使用安全性能要求。     

细菌纤维素纸质复合微滤膜的开发

分别利用硫酸盐阔叶木浆、硫酸盐针叶木浆和机械浆抄造纸质基膜并测定其过滤性能;采用溶液过滤复合法,通过过滤使分散均匀的细菌纤维素在纸质基膜上形成一层致密薄膜层,即得到细菌纤维素纸质复合微滤膜。结果表明：采用打浆度为10°SR的机械浆抄造定量为90 g/m²的纸质基膜的过滤性能最好;采用该纸质基膜制备的细菌纤维素纸质复合微滤膜(细菌纤维素复合量6 g/m²)平均孔径为0.01～1 μm,达到微滤膜水平,且强度性能、耐高温性、耐碱性良好。     

微生物多糖改善高透滤棒成形纸强度性能的研究

研究了黄原胶、普鲁兰多糖、葡聚糖、α-环糊精4种微生物多糖的添加方式和用量对高透滤棒成形纸强度、透气度等性能的影响。结果表明,普鲁兰多糖对高透滤棒成形纸的增强效果明显优于其他3种多糖,且浸渍处理比浆内添加更有利于强度性能的提升。利用不同打浆度的针叶木浆、针叶木浆与丝光浆混合浆、针叶木浆与黏胶纤维混合浆制备了具有不同透气度的高透成形纸,经普鲁兰多糖浸渍后,高透成形纸强度性能均随着上胶量增加而增加,透气度随上胶量增加无明显变化。与未浸渍纸张相比,浸渍普鲁兰多糖后,上胶量约3.0 g/m²,打浆度15°SR、18°SR、21°SR的针叶木浆所抄纸张抗张强度分别增加了69.9%、69.2%和67.5%,18°SR针木叶浆与丝光浆配抄纸张抗张强度增加了96.5%,与黏胶纤维配抄纸张抗张强度增加了126.0%。     

环保型PLA/CNF应用于纸张阻隔性涂布的研究

以聚乳酸（PLA）为基体、乙酰化改性纤维素纳米纤丝（m-CNF）为增强材料制得复合涂料,将其涂覆于A4纸表面制得PLA/m-CNF阻隔纸,探讨了复合涂料中m-CNF添加量对纸张阻隔性能、疏水性能、强度性能等的影响。结果表明,与原纸相比,当m-CNF添加量为3%时,PLA/m-CNF3%阻隔纸的抗张指数、耐破指数、疏水性能分别提高了30.6%、40.1%、24.8%,透气度降低了36.6%。原纸水蒸气透过量为1815 g/（m²·d）,PLA/CNF阻隔纸的氧气和水蒸气阻隔性能相较原纸显著提升;其中,PLA/CNF3%阻隔纸的水蒸气透过量为443 g/（m²·d）、氧气透过量为45 cm³/（m²·d·（0.1 MPa））;PLA/m-CNF3%阻隔纸的水蒸气透过量为385 g/（m²·d）、氧气透过量为35 cm³/（m²·d·（0.1 MPa））,与PLA/CNF3%阻隔纸相比,分别下降了13.1%和22.2%;表明PLA/m-CNF阻隔纸具有优异的保鲜效果。     

CMC/木材纤维复合纸的制备及性能(摘要)

正乳液、石蜡、树脂等高分子聚合物浸入纸张制备复合纸,其抗水、力学以及光学性能得到了大幅度提升。本文以可生物降解的羧甲基纤维素(CMC)和桉木浆为原料,通过造纸法和浸渍工艺制备CMC/木材纤维复合纸,并探究了CMC的浸渍量对复合纸光学、力学性能的影响。溶解CMC准确称量10g CMC粉末,接着量取790m L蒸馏水加入烧杯,然后将其置于水浴锅中,加     

聚吡咯/纸浆纤维复合光热纸的制备及其太阳能驱动界面水蒸发研究

本研究以未漂硫酸盐针叶木浆为原料，采用原位聚合法制备具有良好亲水性、高能量转换效率的聚吡咯/纸浆纤维复合光热纸，并应用于太阳能驱动界面水蒸发。对光热纸的表面形貌和结构进行了表征，探究了吡咯浓度以及单体与氧化剂摩尔比对纸光热性能的影响。结果表明，随吡咯浓度和氧化剂用量的增加，纸的光热性能也随之提升，当吡咯浓度为5 g/L、单体与氧化剂摩尔比为1∶2时，在1 kW/m²的光照强度下，5 min内光热纸的表面温度可达85.3 ℃，水蒸发效率可达93.13%。具有优异能量转换效率和良好可循环性能的光热纸的成功开发，为太阳能水净化提供了一种潜在的技术方案。     

光催化复合纤维及光催化纸的研制

以尿素为N源对TiO₂进行掺杂改性制备N掺杂TiO₂光催化剂（N-TiO₂）,将N-TiO₂与纤维素溶液混合,然后经静电纺丝制备光催化复合纤维,最后将光催化复合纤维与纸浆纤维配抄,制备光催化纸,用于降解甲醛。结果表明,所制备光催化剂N-TiO₂颗粒小、分散均匀,易与纤维素溶液纺丝成光催化复合纤维;所抄造光催化纸对甲醛的降解率达53.8%,抗张指数大于41.9 N·m/g,耐破指数大于2.03 kPa·m²/g,具有良好的强度性能。     

一种热封纸袋用纸的制备研究

本研究以本色针叶木浆与本色竹浆为纤维原料制备纸袋用纸,通过浆内添加聚酰胺多胺环氧氯丙烷（PAE）和烷基烯酮二聚体（AKD）以提高其湿强度和抗水性。通过在浆内添加聚乙烯醇（PVA）纤维,实现纸袋用纸的热封性能,并探究了PVA纤维用量、热封温度、热封时间对纸袋用纸粘合强度的影响。结果表明,本色针叶木浆和本色竹浆的适宜打浆度分别为32°SR和27°SR,浆料的最佳质量比为7∶3;PAE和AKD的最适添加量分别为1.5%和0.3%;当PVA纤维用量为9%,热封温度为110℃,热封时间为6 s时,纸袋纸粘合强度为2.61 kN/m,撕裂指数为14.7 mN·m²/g,干、湿抗张指数分别为72.9、23.4 N·m/g。     

具有梯度结构的超细纤维复合空气过滤材料对油-灰混合颗粒的容尘性能研究

通过湿法成形制备了超细纤维在厚度方向呈梯度分布的复合空气过滤材料,并分析了滤材对不同粒径的NaCl颗粒的过滤效率及对纯A2灰、纯癸二酸二异辛（DEHS）和不同DEHS含量的DEHS-A2灰混合尘的容尘量。结果表明,滤材最易穿透粒径为100 nm,对纯A2灰及纯DEHS的容尘量分别为92.0 g/m²和182.5 g/m²。对DEHS含量为20%的混合尘的容尘量最大,为414.7 g/m²,对DEHS含量为60%的混合尘的容尘量最低,为84.1 g/m²,远高于商业化产品熔喷纤维复合滤材的容尘量（26.5 g/m²）。对DEHS含量为20%的混合尘滤材压差增加速率最小,混合尘在滤材表面形成疏松的滤饼;对DEHS含量为80%的混合尘滤材压差增加速率最大,A2灰颗粒浸没在DEHS中,灰尘颗粒间的孔隙被完全堵塞,混合尘形成“海岛”结构的滤饼。     

Textural Properties of Cold-set Gels Induced from Heat-denatured Whey Protein Isolates

A 9% whey protein (WP) isolate solution at pH 7.0 was heat-denatured at 80°C for 30 min. Size-exclusion HPLC showed that native WP formed soluble aggregates after heat-treatment. Additions of CaCl2 (10–40 mM), NaCl (50–400 mM) or glucono-delta-lactone (GDL, 0.4–2.0%, w/v) or hydrolysis by a protease from Bacillus licheniformis caused gelation of the denatured solution at 45°C. Textural parameters, hardness, adhesiveness, and cohesiveness of the gels so formed changed markedly with concentration of added salts or pH by added GDL. Maximum gel hardness occurred at 200 mM NaCl or pH 4.7. Increasing CaCl2 concentration continuously increased gel hardness. Generally, GDL-induced gels were harder than salt-induced gels, and much harder than the protease-induced gel.     

Occurrence of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in fish canned in oil

The levels of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) were quantified as part of a European survey on the migration of residues of epoxy resins into oil from canned fish. The contents of BFDGE in cans, lids and fish collected from all 15 Member States of the European Union and Switzerland were analysed in 382 samples. Cans and lids were separately extracted with acetonitrile. The extraction from fish was carried out with hexane followed by re-extraction with acetonitrile. The analysis was performed by reverse phase HPL C with fluorescence detection. BFDGE could be detected in 12% of the fish, 24% of the cans and 18% of the lids. Only 3% of the fish contained BFDGE in concentrations considerably above 1mg/kg. In addition to the presented data, a comparison was made with the levels of BADGE (bisphenol-A-diglycidyl ether)analysed in the same products in the context of a previous study.     

Contribution of European research to risk analysis

The European Commission's, Quality of Life Research Programme, Key Action 1—Health, Food & Nutrition is mission-oriented and aims, amongst other things, at providing a healthy, safe and high-quality food supply leading to reinforced consumer confidence in the safety of European food. Its objectives also include the enhancing of the competitiveness of the European food supply. Key Action 1 is currently supporting a number of different types of European collaborative projects in the area of risk analysis. The objectives of these projects range from the development and validation of prevention strategies including the reduction of consumers risks; development and validation of new modelling approaches; harmonization of risk assessment principles, methodologies, and terminology; standardization of methods and systems used for the safety evaluation of transgenic food; providing of tools for the evaluation of human viral contamination of shellfish and quality control; new methodologies for assessing the potential of unintended effects of genetically modified (genetically modified) foods; development of a risk assessment model for Cryptosporidium parvum related to the food and water industries; to the development of a communication platform for genetically modified organism, producers, retailers, regulatory authorities and consumer groups to improve safety assessment procedures, risk management strategies and risk communication; development and validation of new methods for safety testing of transgenic food; evaluation of the safety and efficacy of iron supplementation in pregnant women; evaluation of the potential cancer-preventing activity of pro- and pre-biotic ('synbiotic') combinations in human volunteers. An overview of these projects is presented here.     

低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性

为研究低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性,以经低温脱脂的带皮菜籽粕为原料,经微粉碎后筛分成212~425μm、150~212μm和106~150μm的3个不同粒级的微粉样品,检测这些样品的吸水性、吸油性、乳化性和乳化稳定性、蛋白质体外消化率。结果表明:1 3个不同粒级的微粉样品之间的粗纤维含量存在显著差异,表明三者的结构组成成分有一定差异。23个微粉样品的乳化活性和乳化稳定性随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。33个微粉样品的蛋白质体外消化率随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。4不同粒级带皮菜籽粕微粉样品的吸水性与吸油性受其结构组成物质不同和粒度的双重影响,与粒度的相关性不明显。     

Microbiology of food taints

Fresh and processed foods are often spoilt by the presence of undesirable flavours and odours caused by microbial action. The aim of this paper is to review the current knowledge of microbiologically induced taints that occur in a wide range of foodstuffs, including meats, poultry, fish, crustaceans, milk, dairy products, fruits, vegetables, cereals and cereal products. Examples have been chosen where the compounds responsible for the taint have been identified and sufficient data obtained to demonstrate the involvement of microorganisms. However, in some cases the full identity of the causative organism may not have been elucidated. The types of microorganisms covered by this review include bacteria, fungi, yeasts, actinomycetes and cyanobacteria. Although cyanobacteria do not in general infect foods, their presence in aqueous systems and water supplies can lead to off-flavours in aquatic organisms and processed foodstuffs. Several examples of each of these processes are discussed. Wherever possible, the likely biosynthetic pathway used by the microorganism to produce the offending compound in a foodstuff is indicated.     

Analysis for organic residues from aids to polymerization used to make plastics intended for food contact

Polymers intended for food contact use have been analysed for organic residues which could be attributed to a range of substances employed as polymerization aids (e.g. initiators and catalysts). A wide range of polymers was extracted with solvents and the extracts analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The overwhelming majority of substances identified were not derived from aids to polymerization but were oligomers, additives and adventitious contaminants. However, a small number of substances were identified as initiator residues. These included tetramethylsuccinonitrile (TMSN) which was observed in two polymers and it derived from recombination of two azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) initiator radicals. Methyl benzoate, benzoic acid, biphenyl and phenyl benzoate were detected in one poly(methyl methacrylate) sample and in two polyvinylchlorides and they are thought to be derived from benzoyl peroxide initiator. TMSN was subsequently targeted for analysis of poly-(methyl methacrylate) plastics using proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry (¹     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part II: Medium molecular weight permeants

Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of different medium molecular weight model permeants: bisphenol A, warfarin and anthracene, from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 microns-thick orientated polypropylene--OPP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. The characterization of permeation kinetics generally observed the permeation models previously reported to explain the experimental permeation results obtained for a low molecular weight group of model permeants. In general, the model permeants exhibited behaviour consistent with their relative molecular weights with respect to (a) the time taken to attain steady-state permeation into the food simulant in which they were more soluble, (b) their subsequent steady-state permeation rates, and (c) their partition between liquid paraffin and the OPP membrane.     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. I: Interlaboratory studies of methods of analysis

This paper describes the first part of a project undertaken to develop mussel reference materials for Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning (PSP) toxins. Two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin (STX) and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin (dc-STX) in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the second part of the project: the certification exercise. In the first study, 18 laboratories were asked to measure STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and to identify as many other PSP toxins as possible with a method of their choice. In the second interlaboratory study, 15 laboratories were additionally asked to determine quantitatively STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The first study revealed that three out of four postcolumn derivatization methods and one pre-column derivatization method sufficed in principle to determine STX and dc-STX. Most participants (13 of 18) obtained acceptable calibration curves and recoveries. Saxitoxin was hardly detected in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels and results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 58% at a mass fraction of 1.86 mg/kg. Most participants (14 out of 18) identified gonyautoxin-5 (GTX-5) in a hydrolysed extract provided. The first study led to provisional criteria for linearity, recovery and separation. The second study revealed that 6 out of 15 laboratories were able to meet these criteria. Results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 3.49mg/kg. Results obtained for STX in the saxitoxin-enriched material yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 0.34mg/kg. Saxitoxin could not be detected in the PSP-positive material. Hydrolysis was useful to confirm the identity of GTX5 and provided indicative information about C1 and C2 toxins in the PSP-positive material. The methods used in the second interlaboratory study showed sufficiently consistent analysis results to undertake a certification exercise to assign certified values for STX and dc-STX in lyophilized mussel.     

The Ministry of Environmental Protection Issued "Feasible Technology Guidelines for Pollution Prevention and Control in Wood Pulping Process of the Paper Industry (Trial)" and Two Other Guiding Technical Documents

On December 27t＂, 2013, the Ministry of Environmenta Protection announced that, in order to implement ＂The Environmental Protection Law of the People＇ s Republic of China＂, improve the working system in environmenta protection technologies, and promote technologica advancement in pollution prevention, the Ministry of Environmental Protection sponsored the formulation of three guiding technical documents including ＂Feasible Technology Guidelines for Pollution Prevention and Contro n Wood Pulping Process of the Paper Industry （Trial）＂     

1~(st) Intelli-Tissue~ EcoEc Tissue Machine Supplied by PMP Group Successfully Put into Operation in China

正On April 29th,2014,Intelli-Tissue EcoEc tissue machine supplied by PMP Group successfully put into operation at Hebei Xuesong Paper Co.,Ltd.,this is the first such kind of paper machine of PMP Group in China.