棉织物HBP-NH2改性对无盐染色工艺的影响

采用自制的端胺基超支化合物（HBP-NH2）对棉织物进行阳离子改性，研究棉织物活性染料无盐染色的可行性。分别对改性溶液中HBP-NH2浓度、pH值、浸渍时间、焙烘温度和染色前水洗等因素进行探讨，得出最佳无盐染色工艺：HBP-NH2浓度6g／L，pH值5．5—6．0，80℃烘干5min，120℃焙烘3min，热水清洗后采用活性染料无盐染色。试验表明，棉织物无盐染色可获得与未改性棉织物常规染色相当的K／S值和染色牢度。     

端氨基超支化合物在棉织物活性染料染色中的应用

为了实现棉织物活性染料无盐染色工艺,以丙烯酸甲酯和二乙烯基三胺为原料,采用熔融缩合聚合法合成了1种水溶性端氨基超支化合物(HBP-NH2)。用含有HBP-NH26 g/L、柠檬酸2 g/L、次亚磷酸钠3 g/L的溶液对棉织物进行改性处理,然后采用活性染料染色。测试结果表明,经HBP-NH2改性处理的棉织物染色性能显著提高,耐摩擦色牢度、耐洗色牢度以及匀染性能符合要求。HBP-NH2可作为无盐染色助剂应用于棉织物的活性染料染色,并适用于不同的活性染料。     

氧化程度对端氨基超支化合物接枝氧化亚麻织物无盐染色性能的影响

用端氨基超支化合物(HBP-NH2)对选择性氧化后的亚麻织物进行接枝,再经活性染料染色.FT-IR证实氧化亚麻纤维中的醛基与HBP-NH2中的端氨基发生了接枝反应,结果表明:延长高碘酸钠氧化时间,氧化亚麻织物中醛基含量增加,越易与HBP-NH2发生接枝反应,提高无盐染色K/S值,但摩擦牢度(特别是湿摩擦牢度)逐渐降低,明度变暗,彩色度上升.     

HBP-HTC改性棉织物活性染料无盐染色

采用EPTAC(缩水甘油三甲基氯化铵)与HBP-NH2(端氨基超支化合物),自制端氨基超支化合物季铵盐(HBP-HTC)改性剂,并对棉织物进行阳离子改性.研究了HBP-HTC中季铵盐质量摩尔浓度、HBP-HTC溶液浓度、浸渍时间和温度等因素对改性棉织物活性染料无盐染色性能的影响,得到适合的改性工艺条件:EPTAC:HBP-NH2=2:1;用4 g/L HBP-HTC的溶液于常温下浸渍处理30 min,然后洗净.测试结果表明,改性棉织物采用活性染料无盐染色,可获得与未改性棉织物常规染色相当的K/S值和染色牢度.     

氧化棉织物接枝壳聚糖的染色性能

采用高碘酸钠对棉织物进行选择性氧化,随后用壳聚糖溶液处理,制得壳聚糖接枝氧化棉织物(CGCF).试验探讨高碘酸钠浓度、壳聚糖用量、接枝反应温度、反应时间对CGCF活性染料染色性能的影响.结果表明,采用醛基含量约为4.3 mmoL/g的氧化棉织物,在质量分数为1.5%壳聚糖醋酸溶液中,于75℃下反应60 min,可获得理想的壳聚糖接枝氧化棉织物.与常规壳聚糖涂覆棉织物(CCCF)染色性能相比,CGCF具有更高的上染率和K/S值.     

HPB-NH2接枝氧化棉纤维的制备及其染色性能

为了实现棉纤维活性染料无盐染色工艺,采用高碘酸钠对棉纤维进行选择性氧化制得氧化棉纤维,以水溶性端氨基超支化合物（HPB—NH2）为改性剂与氧化棉纤维反应制得HPB—NH2接枝氧化棉纤维。讨论HPB—NH2接枝氧化棉纤维制备机制,并采用FT-IR证实了氧化棉纤维中的醛基与HPB—NH2中的端氨基发生了反应。采用活性染料对HPB—NH2接枝氧化棉织物进行染色试验并测试其染色性能。结果表明,HPB—NH2接枝氧化棉织物的得色量显著提高,耐摩擦色牢度、耐洗色牢度以及匀染性能都令人满意。     

HBP-NH_2接枝氧化亚麻纤维性能研究

高碘酸钠选择性氧化亚麻纤维生成活性醛基,氧化亚麻纤维表面的醛基具有和端氨基超支化合物(HBP-NH2)表面的氨基共价结合的能力,从而制备了HBP-NH2接枝氧化亚麻纤维。以部分活性染料和直接染料为例研究了HBP-NH2接枝氧化亚麻纤维的无盐染色性能,以金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌为例研究了HBP-NH2接枝氧化亚麻纤维的抗菌性能。结果表明:与常规有盐染色相比,HBP-NH2接枝氧化亚麻纤维的上染性能提高,色牢度令人满意。HBP-NH2接枝氧化亚麻纤维具有优异的抗菌性能和抗菌持久性。     

HPB—NH2接枝氧化棉纤维的制备及其染色性能

 为了实现棉纤维活性染料无盐染色工艺,采用高碘酸钠对棉纤维进行选择性氧化制得氧化棉纤维,以水溶性端氨基超支化合物(HPB—NH2)为改性剂与氧化棉纤维反应制得HPB—NH2接枝氧化棉纤维。讨论HPB—NH2接枝氧化棉纤维制备机制,并采用FT-IR证实了氧化棉纤维中的醛基与HPB—NH2中的端氨基发生了反应。采用活性染料对HPB—NH2接枝氧化棉织物进行染色试验并测试其染色性能。结果表明,HPB—NH2接枝氧化棉织物的得色量显著提高,耐摩擦色牢度、耐洗色牢度以及匀染性能都令人满意。     

HBP-NH2改性棉织物活性染料无盐染色

用自制的端胺基超支化合物（HBP-NH2）对棉织物进行阳离子改性,以实现棉织物活性染料的无盐染色。研究了在水溶液中改性棉纤维表面的ζ电位、改性棉织物活性染料染色热力学和动力学以及改性棉织物染色色光的变化等。试验发现,当pH值〈7.5时,水溶液中改性棉纤维表面的ζ电位为正;改性棉织物对活性艳黄A-4GLN的吸附符合Langmuir模型,Langmuir吸附常数K和饱和吸附量S都随温度升高而降低,染色热ΔH为-4.59 kJ.mol^-1。结果表明,HBP-NH2对棉织物的改性可以加快上染速率,提高平衡上染百分率,增大表观扩散系数;HBP-NH2的应用对棉织物活性染料染色色光略有影响。     

壳聚糖衍生物在活性无盐染色中的应用研究

采用自制的壳聚糖衍生物CTA-CTS对棉织物进行预处理,并对制备的阳离子化棉进行活性染料无盐染色.探讨了预处理改性工艺对棉织物无盐染色性能的影响,并确定优化的预处理工艺:采用pH值为6.0的10 g/L CTA-CTS浸渍10 min,80℃烘干3 min,110℃焙烘3 min.试验证明,经CTA-CTS处理的棉织物无盐染色后,其固色率及色牢度与常规染色效果相当或更佳.     

Textural Properties of Cold-set Gels Induced from Heat-denatured Whey Protein Isolates

A 9% whey protein (WP) isolate solution at pH 7.0 was heat-denatured at 80°C for 30 min. Size-exclusion HPLC showed that native WP formed soluble aggregates after heat-treatment. Additions of CaCl2 (10–40 mM), NaCl (50–400 mM) or glucono-delta-lactone (GDL, 0.4–2.0%, w/v) or hydrolysis by a protease from Bacillus licheniformis caused gelation of the denatured solution at 45°C. Textural parameters, hardness, adhesiveness, and cohesiveness of the gels so formed changed markedly with concentration of added salts or pH by added GDL. Maximum gel hardness occurred at 200 mM NaCl or pH 4.7. Increasing CaCl2 concentration continuously increased gel hardness. Generally, GDL-induced gels were harder than salt-induced gels, and much harder than the protease-induced gel.     

Occurrence of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in fish canned in oil

The levels of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) were quantified as part of a European survey on the migration of residues of epoxy resins into oil from canned fish. The contents of BFDGE in cans, lids and fish collected from all 15 Member States of the European Union and Switzerland were analysed in 382 samples. Cans and lids were separately extracted with acetonitrile. The extraction from fish was carried out with hexane followed by re-extraction with acetonitrile. The analysis was performed by reverse phase HPL C with fluorescence detection. BFDGE could be detected in 12% of the fish, 24% of the cans and 18% of the lids. Only 3% of the fish contained BFDGE in concentrations considerably above 1mg/kg. In addition to the presented data, a comparison was made with the levels of BADGE (bisphenol-A-diglycidyl ether)analysed in the same products in the context of a previous study.     

Contribution of European research to risk analysis

The European Commission's, Quality of Life Research Programme, Key Action 1—Health, Food & Nutrition is mission-oriented and aims, amongst other things, at providing a healthy, safe and high-quality food supply leading to reinforced consumer confidence in the safety of European food. Its objectives also include the enhancing of the competitiveness of the European food supply. Key Action 1 is currently supporting a number of different types of European collaborative projects in the area of risk analysis. The objectives of these projects range from the development and validation of prevention strategies including the reduction of consumers risks; development and validation of new modelling approaches; harmonization of risk assessment principles, methodologies, and terminology; standardization of methods and systems used for the safety evaluation of transgenic food; providing of tools for the evaluation of human viral contamination of shellfish and quality control; new methodologies for assessing the potential of unintended effects of genetically modified (genetically modified) foods; development of a risk assessment model for Cryptosporidium parvum related to the food and water industries; to the development of a communication platform for genetically modified organism, producers, retailers, regulatory authorities and consumer groups to improve safety assessment procedures, risk management strategies and risk communication; development and validation of new methods for safety testing of transgenic food; evaluation of the safety and efficacy of iron supplementation in pregnant women; evaluation of the potential cancer-preventing activity of pro- and pre-biotic ('synbiotic') combinations in human volunteers. An overview of these projects is presented here.     

低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性

为研究低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性,以经低温脱脂的带皮菜籽粕为原料,经微粉碎后筛分成212~425μm、150~212μm和106~150μm的3个不同粒级的微粉样品,检测这些样品的吸水性、吸油性、乳化性和乳化稳定性、蛋白质体外消化率。结果表明:1 3个不同粒级的微粉样品之间的粗纤维含量存在显著差异,表明三者的结构组成成分有一定差异。23个微粉样品的乳化活性和乳化稳定性随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。33个微粉样品的蛋白质体外消化率随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。4不同粒级带皮菜籽粕微粉样品的吸水性与吸油性受其结构组成物质不同和粒度的双重影响,与粒度的相关性不明显。     

Microbiology of food taints

Fresh and processed foods are often spoilt by the presence of undesirable flavours and odours caused by microbial action. The aim of this paper is to review the current knowledge of microbiologically induced taints that occur in a wide range of foodstuffs, including meats, poultry, fish, crustaceans, milk, dairy products, fruits, vegetables, cereals and cereal products. Examples have been chosen where the compounds responsible for the taint have been identified and sufficient data obtained to demonstrate the involvement of microorganisms. However, in some cases the full identity of the causative organism may not have been elucidated. The types of microorganisms covered by this review include bacteria, fungi, yeasts, actinomycetes and cyanobacteria. Although cyanobacteria do not in general infect foods, their presence in aqueous systems and water supplies can lead to off-flavours in aquatic organisms and processed foodstuffs. Several examples of each of these processes are discussed. Wherever possible, the likely biosynthetic pathway used by the microorganism to produce the offending compound in a foodstuff is indicated.     

Analysis for organic residues from aids to polymerization used to make plastics intended for food contact

Polymers intended for food contact use have been analysed for organic residues which could be attributed to a range of substances employed as polymerization aids (e.g. initiators and catalysts). A wide range of polymers was extracted with solvents and the extracts analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The overwhelming majority of substances identified were not derived from aids to polymerization but were oligomers, additives and adventitious contaminants. However, a small number of substances were identified as initiator residues. These included tetramethylsuccinonitrile (TMSN) which was observed in two polymers and it derived from recombination of two azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) initiator radicals. Methyl benzoate, benzoic acid, biphenyl and phenyl benzoate were detected in one poly(methyl methacrylate) sample and in two polyvinylchlorides and they are thought to be derived from benzoyl peroxide initiator. TMSN was subsequently targeted for analysis of poly-(methyl methacrylate) plastics using proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry (¹     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part II: Medium molecular weight permeants

Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of different medium molecular weight model permeants: bisphenol A, warfarin and anthracene, from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 microns-thick orientated polypropylene--OPP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. The characterization of permeation kinetics generally observed the permeation models previously reported to explain the experimental permeation results obtained for a low molecular weight group of model permeants. In general, the model permeants exhibited behaviour consistent with their relative molecular weights with respect to (a) the time taken to attain steady-state permeation into the food simulant in which they were more soluble, (b) their subsequent steady-state permeation rates, and (c) their partition between liquid paraffin and the OPP membrane.     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. I: Interlaboratory studies of methods of analysis

This paper describes the first part of a project undertaken to develop mussel reference materials for Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning (PSP) toxins. Two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin (STX) and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin (dc-STX) in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the second part of the project: the certification exercise. In the first study, 18 laboratories were asked to measure STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and to identify as many other PSP toxins as possible with a method of their choice. In the second interlaboratory study, 15 laboratories were additionally asked to determine quantitatively STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The first study revealed that three out of four postcolumn derivatization methods and one pre-column derivatization method sufficed in principle to determine STX and dc-STX. Most participants (13 of 18) obtained acceptable calibration curves and recoveries. Saxitoxin was hardly detected in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels and results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 58% at a mass fraction of 1.86 mg/kg. Most participants (14 out of 18) identified gonyautoxin-5 (GTX-5) in a hydrolysed extract provided. The first study led to provisional criteria for linearity, recovery and separation. The second study revealed that 6 out of 15 laboratories were able to meet these criteria. Results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 3.49mg/kg. Results obtained for STX in the saxitoxin-enriched material yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 0.34mg/kg. Saxitoxin could not be detected in the PSP-positive material. Hydrolysis was useful to confirm the identity of GTX5 and provided indicative information about C1 and C2 toxins in the PSP-positive material. The methods used in the second interlaboratory study showed sufficiently consistent analysis results to undertake a certification exercise to assign certified values for STX and dc-STX in lyophilized mussel.     

The Ministry of Environmental Protection Issued "Feasible Technology Guidelines for Pollution Prevention and Control in Wood Pulping Process of the Paper Industry (Trial)" and Two Other Guiding Technical Documents

On December 27t＂, 2013, the Ministry of Environmenta Protection announced that, in order to implement ＂The Environmental Protection Law of the People＇ s Republic of China＂, improve the working system in environmenta protection technologies, and promote technologica advancement in pollution prevention, the Ministry of Environmental Protection sponsored the formulation of three guiding technical documents including ＂Feasible Technology Guidelines for Pollution Prevention and Contro n Wood Pulping Process of the Paper Industry （Trial）＂     

1~(st) Intelli-Tissue~ EcoEc Tissue Machine Supplied by PMP Group Successfully Put into Operation in China

正On April 29th,2014,Intelli-Tissue EcoEc tissue machine supplied by PMP Group successfully put into operation at Hebei Xuesong Paper Co.,Ltd.,this is the first such kind of paper machine of PMP Group in China.