木素用于酚醛树脂胶黏剂改性

采用酸析法回收得到的木素为原料,替代部分苯酚与甲醛反应制备木素改性酚醛树脂胶黏剂,并测定其固含量、动力黏度(40℃)、游离甲醛含量和胶合强度等性能。主要考察了木素/酚化木素掺入比例、催化剂(碱)种类及用量、酚醛摩尔比以及反应温度对胶黏剂性能的影响。结果表明,合成木素酚醛树脂胶黏剂较佳的工艺条件为:木素掺入比例5%～15%(质量百分数,以苯酚质量为基准),酚醛摩尔比1:1.5,催化剂为NaOH,加入量0.6%(质量百分数,以苯酚质量为基准),反应时间3h。采用酚化木素时,掺入比例可达45%,制得胶黏剂性能优于纯木素。木素替代部分苯酚改性酚醛树脂胶黏剂,不仅可以降低生产成本,而且更环保。     

水稻秸秆基木质素改性酚醛树脂胶黏剂的制备与性能

针对酚醛树脂胶黏剂的游离醛、酚含量高及生物降解性差的缺点,采用粮食加工废弃物-水稻秸秆中的木质素为原料,取代一部分苯酚作为反应物,并以游离苯酚含量、游离甲醛含量、产品粘度和胶合强度为指标研究甲醛添加量和尿素添加量对合成的木质素改性酚醛树脂胶黏剂的性能影响。经条件优化后,合成出性能优良、环保秸秆基木质素改性酚醛树脂胶黏剂。本研究既为改性酚醛树脂的研究提供可行性方案,也使水稻秸秆这种废弃物的回收再利用成为可能。     

制浆黑液在酚醛树脂胶黏剂中的应用

制浆黑液中的降解木质素含有酚羟基结构,可以替代部分苯酚制备酚醛树脂.以NaOH为催化剂,采用二次缩聚法制取酚醛树脂胶黏剂.实验表明,当黑液添加量为15%时,胶黏剂的黏度比空白实验增加1倍,游离甲醛含量降低了27%,胶合强度提高了13.2%.红外光谱分析表明,黑液中的木质素与游离甲醛反应生成有羟甲基的物质,该物质能与酚醛树脂胶粘剂中的物质发生反应,从而既降低了甲醛含量又提高了胶黏剂的胶合强度.     

碱木素／尿醛树脂胶黏剂的合成研究

利用制浆黑液中的碱木素为主要原料,经过羟甲基化改性,甲醛缩合制备纤维板胶黏剂,探索改性木素胶黏剂粘结效果。用正交试验方案设计对碱木素改性、胶黏剂制备工艺进行优化。研究表明：将碱木素进行羟甲基化改性,其活性明显提高。最佳的优化条件：甲醛用量7mmol·g-llignin,pH值10,反应温度70℃,反应时间120min;改性碱木素最佳的加入量比例为20％。用碱木素制备改性木素胶黏剂可利用造纸黑液木素资源,而且具有广泛的应用前景。     

黑液木素制备酚醛树脂胶黏剂的研究进展

木素与酚醛树脂结构相似,可代替部分苯酚制备酚醛树脂胶黏剂。通过对木素胶黏剂的研究现状的系统归纳,介绍了黑液木素制备酚醛树脂胶黏剂的两种方式:一是木素直接替代苯酚,二是木素经活化后再与酚醛树脂结合。合理地利用造纸废液中的黑液木素不仅可以有效地处理大量的造纸黑液,而且可以降低酚醛树脂胶黏剂的生产成本,产生可持续发展的经济效益。     

木质素改性氧化淀粉胶黏剂的制备与探索

探讨高碘酸钠氧化的木薯淀粉与苯酚复合制备胶黏剂的正交优化方案,并以此为基础研究酚化木质素代替苯酚与氧化木薯淀粉反应的情况。研究结果表明,当氧化时间为240min,氧化温度为35℃,高碘酸钠与木薯淀粉用料比为0.8∶1.0,苯酚与木薯淀粉质量比为1.0∶1.0时,所制备的胶黏剂干胶合强度最佳,达到2.631MPa,影响的因素主次为苯酚质量比>氧化温度>氧化时间>高碘酸钠用料比;经酚化处理后的木质素能够代替部分苯酚制备胶黏剂,随着木质素替代率的升高,其胶黏剂干胶合强度呈下降趋势。傅里叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)表征分析结果表明,经过高碘酸钠氧化,木薯淀粉出现了醛基,氧化后的木薯淀粉与苯酚和酚化木质素发生了反应。证明用木质素部分替代苯酚制备胶黏剂具有可行性,这有助于减少来源于化石燃料的苯酚的消耗,为制备环保的胶黏剂提供了思路。     

一种新型酚化木质素胺乳化剂的合成及其性能

以苯酚改性硫酸盐木质素得到了酚化木质素,再将其与脱氢枞酸单乙二酰胺、甲醛进行Mannich反应以引入脱氢枞酸单乙二酰胺甲基亲油基团,然后将反应产物进一步与二乙烯三胺、甲醛反应引入了二乙烯三胺甲基亲水基团,合成了一种新型酚化木质素阳离子乳a化剂。实验表明,在碱性条件下,当 n(苯酚)∶n(木质素)=1∶1、反应温度100℃、反应时间1.5 h时,所得产物酚化木质素的酚羟基含量较木质素增加了30.3%,相当于每个C9单元接枝了0~30个苯酚分子,质均分子质量增大7%,多分散性由1.49降至1.29;与木质素相比,酚化木质素中引入的脱氢枞酸单乙二酰胺甲基数量增加了1.1倍,引入的二乙烯三胺甲基数量增加了0.42倍;在pH值为2的稀盐酸溶液中,所合成的脱氢枞酸单乙二酰胺/二乙烯三胺/甲醛改性酚化木质素阳离子乳化剂的最大Zeta电位为38.0 mV,质量浓度为10 g/L时,表面张力为35.0 mN/m,甲苯乳液油水分层时间为70 min,均优于用未经酚化改性的木质素合成的产物。     

改性豆基蛋白质胶黏剂用于杨木胶合板生产初探

利用碱对豆粉进行处理,使蛋白质水解成为低聚肽,低聚肽进一步与甲醛反应生成稳定的蛋白质.这种物质可与苯酚和甲醛反应生成改性豆基蛋白质胶黏剂.采用单因素试验方法.对改性豆基蛋白质胶黏剂压制杨木胶合板的生产工艺进行了探讨.经过生产性试验证明,利用这种胶黏剂压制的胶合板的强度和抗水性可以和商业酚醛胶黏剂相媲美.这种胶黏剂豆粉的含量为63%,因而可以大幅减少木材胶黏剂用苯酚的量.     

毛竹木质素酚与碱木素在羟甲基化改性上的比较研究

本实验对毛竹碱木素和毛竹木质素酚分别进行羟甲基化改性,并改变木质素和甲醛反应比例进行对比实验,通过红外光谱法(FT-IR)、凝胶渗透色谱法(GPC)和二维核磁(2D-HSQC NMR)等分析手段对羟基化改性前后的毛竹碱木素和毛竹木质素酚进行表征,发现在改性前两者几乎相同的分子量特征下,改性后相比于碱木素,木质素酚重量平均分子量和分散比变化明显,说明相同反应条件下木质素酚发生羟甲基化的位点多,效果优于碱木素;保持甲醛用量不变,随着木质素酚用量加大,其羟甲基化效果增强。     

化学改性在木素基酚醛树脂胶黏剂制备中的研究进展

综述了木素磺酸盐、碱木素、酶解木素等应用于改性酚醛树脂胶黏剂的发展现状,以及几种常用于提高木素反应活性的化学方法,分析木素改性酚醛树脂存在的问题并对其应用前景进行了展望。     

Textural Properties of Cold-set Gels Induced from Heat-denatured Whey Protein Isolates

A 9% whey protein (WP) isolate solution at pH 7.0 was heat-denatured at 80°C for 30 min. Size-exclusion HPLC showed that native WP formed soluble aggregates after heat-treatment. Additions of CaCl2 (10–40 mM), NaCl (50–400 mM) or glucono-delta-lactone (GDL, 0.4–2.0%, w/v) or hydrolysis by a protease from Bacillus licheniformis caused gelation of the denatured solution at 45°C. Textural parameters, hardness, adhesiveness, and cohesiveness of the gels so formed changed markedly with concentration of added salts or pH by added GDL. Maximum gel hardness occurred at 200 mM NaCl or pH 4.7. Increasing CaCl2 concentration continuously increased gel hardness. Generally, GDL-induced gels were harder than salt-induced gels, and much harder than the protease-induced gel.     

Occurrence of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in fish canned in oil

The levels of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) were quantified as part of a European survey on the migration of residues of epoxy resins into oil from canned fish. The contents of BFDGE in cans, lids and fish collected from all 15 Member States of the European Union and Switzerland were analysed in 382 samples. Cans and lids were separately extracted with acetonitrile. The extraction from fish was carried out with hexane followed by re-extraction with acetonitrile. The analysis was performed by reverse phase HPL C with fluorescence detection. BFDGE could be detected in 12% of the fish, 24% of the cans and 18% of the lids. Only 3% of the fish contained BFDGE in concentrations considerably above 1mg/kg. In addition to the presented data, a comparison was made with the levels of BADGE (bisphenol-A-diglycidyl ether)analysed in the same products in the context of a previous study.     

Contribution of European research to risk analysis

The European Commission's, Quality of Life Research Programme, Key Action 1—Health, Food & Nutrition is mission-oriented and aims, amongst other things, at providing a healthy, safe and high-quality food supply leading to reinforced consumer confidence in the safety of European food. Its objectives also include the enhancing of the competitiveness of the European food supply. Key Action 1 is currently supporting a number of different types of European collaborative projects in the area of risk analysis. The objectives of these projects range from the development and validation of prevention strategies including the reduction of consumers risks; development and validation of new modelling approaches; harmonization of risk assessment principles, methodologies, and terminology; standardization of methods and systems used for the safety evaluation of transgenic food; providing of tools for the evaluation of human viral contamination of shellfish and quality control; new methodologies for assessing the potential of unintended effects of genetically modified (genetically modified) foods; development of a risk assessment model for Cryptosporidium parvum related to the food and water industries; to the development of a communication platform for genetically modified organism, producers, retailers, regulatory authorities and consumer groups to improve safety assessment procedures, risk management strategies and risk communication; development and validation of new methods for safety testing of transgenic food; evaluation of the safety and efficacy of iron supplementation in pregnant women; evaluation of the potential cancer-preventing activity of pro- and pre-biotic ('synbiotic') combinations in human volunteers. An overview of these projects is presented here.     

低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性

为研究低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性,以经低温脱脂的带皮菜籽粕为原料,经微粉碎后筛分成212~425μm、150~212μm和106~150μm的3个不同粒级的微粉样品,检测这些样品的吸水性、吸油性、乳化性和乳化稳定性、蛋白质体外消化率。结果表明:1 3个不同粒级的微粉样品之间的粗纤维含量存在显著差异,表明三者的结构组成成分有一定差异。23个微粉样品的乳化活性和乳化稳定性随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。33个微粉样品的蛋白质体外消化率随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。4不同粒级带皮菜籽粕微粉样品的吸水性与吸油性受其结构组成物质不同和粒度的双重影响,与粒度的相关性不明显。     

Microbiology of food taints

Fresh and processed foods are often spoilt by the presence of undesirable flavours and odours caused by microbial action. The aim of this paper is to review the current knowledge of microbiologically induced taints that occur in a wide range of foodstuffs, including meats, poultry, fish, crustaceans, milk, dairy products, fruits, vegetables, cereals and cereal products. Examples have been chosen where the compounds responsible for the taint have been identified and sufficient data obtained to demonstrate the involvement of microorganisms. However, in some cases the full identity of the causative organism may not have been elucidated. The types of microorganisms covered by this review include bacteria, fungi, yeasts, actinomycetes and cyanobacteria. Although cyanobacteria do not in general infect foods, their presence in aqueous systems and water supplies can lead to off-flavours in aquatic organisms and processed foodstuffs. Several examples of each of these processes are discussed. Wherever possible, the likely biosynthetic pathway used by the microorganism to produce the offending compound in a foodstuff is indicated.     

Analysis for organic residues from aids to polymerization used to make plastics intended for food contact

Polymers intended for food contact use have been analysed for organic residues which could be attributed to a range of substances employed as polymerization aids (e.g. initiators and catalysts). A wide range of polymers was extracted with solvents and the extracts analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The overwhelming majority of substances identified were not derived from aids to polymerization but were oligomers, additives and adventitious contaminants. However, a small number of substances were identified as initiator residues. These included tetramethylsuccinonitrile (TMSN) which was observed in two polymers and it derived from recombination of two azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) initiator radicals. Methyl benzoate, benzoic acid, biphenyl and phenyl benzoate were detected in one poly(methyl methacrylate) sample and in two polyvinylchlorides and they are thought to be derived from benzoyl peroxide initiator. TMSN was subsequently targeted for analysis of poly-(methyl methacrylate) plastics using proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry (¹     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part II: Medium molecular weight permeants

Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of different medium molecular weight model permeants: bisphenol A, warfarin and anthracene, from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 microns-thick orientated polypropylene--OPP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. The characterization of permeation kinetics generally observed the permeation models previously reported to explain the experimental permeation results obtained for a low molecular weight group of model permeants. In general, the model permeants exhibited behaviour consistent with their relative molecular weights with respect to (a) the time taken to attain steady-state permeation into the food simulant in which they were more soluble, (b) their subsequent steady-state permeation rates, and (c) their partition between liquid paraffin and the OPP membrane.     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. I: Interlaboratory studies of methods of analysis

This paper describes the first part of a project undertaken to develop mussel reference materials for Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning (PSP) toxins. Two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin (STX) and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin (dc-STX) in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the second part of the project: the certification exercise. In the first study, 18 laboratories were asked to measure STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and to identify as many other PSP toxins as possible with a method of their choice. In the second interlaboratory study, 15 laboratories were additionally asked to determine quantitatively STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The first study revealed that three out of four postcolumn derivatization methods and one pre-column derivatization method sufficed in principle to determine STX and dc-STX. Most participants (13 of 18) obtained acceptable calibration curves and recoveries. Saxitoxin was hardly detected in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels and results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 58% at a mass fraction of 1.86 mg/kg. Most participants (14 out of 18) identified gonyautoxin-5 (GTX-5) in a hydrolysed extract provided. The first study led to provisional criteria for linearity, recovery and separation. The second study revealed that 6 out of 15 laboratories were able to meet these criteria. Results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 3.49mg/kg. Results obtained for STX in the saxitoxin-enriched material yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 0.34mg/kg. Saxitoxin could not be detected in the PSP-positive material. Hydrolysis was useful to confirm the identity of GTX5 and provided indicative information about C1 and C2 toxins in the PSP-positive material. The methods used in the second interlaboratory study showed sufficiently consistent analysis results to undertake a certification exercise to assign certified values for STX and dc-STX in lyophilized mussel.     

The Ministry of Environmental Protection Issued "Feasible Technology Guidelines for Pollution Prevention and Control in Wood Pulping Process of the Paper Industry (Trial)" and Two Other Guiding Technical Documents

On December 27t＂, 2013, the Ministry of Environmenta Protection announced that, in order to implement ＂The Environmental Protection Law of the People＇ s Republic of China＂, improve the working system in environmenta protection technologies, and promote technologica advancement in pollution prevention, the Ministry of Environmental Protection sponsored the formulation of three guiding technical documents including ＂Feasible Technology Guidelines for Pollution Prevention and Contro n Wood Pulping Process of the Paper Industry （Trial）＂     

1~(st) Intelli-Tissue~ EcoEc Tissue Machine Supplied by PMP Group Successfully Put into Operation in China

正On April 29th,2014,Intelli-Tissue EcoEc tissue machine supplied by PMP Group successfully put into operation at Hebei Xuesong Paper Co.,Ltd.,this is the first such kind of paper machine of PMP Group in China.