The role of hydrophilic finishes in frictional electrification and charge decay of woven fabric from polyester

Abstract

The effect of different concentrations of Hydroperm T (a hydrophilic surface finishes) on the electrostatic charging and decay properties of filament polyester fabrics, has been investigated. The fabric was subjected to frictional charging with steel and PTFE (Teflon®) and the electrostatic properties were investigated. The technique adopted not only measured the charge in the location of the tribocharging, but was also able to assess the distribution and dissipation of the charge across the surface of the fabric. While the charge decay for the untreated fabric was slow and linear, a double exponential charge decay was observed on the samples treated with Hydroperm^® T finish. The charge generated on the fabric treated with higher concentration (0.5%) Hydroperm^® T finish decayed very quickly when compared to the other samples. Resistivity measurements indicate that the Hydroperm^® T treated samples have lower resistivity when compared with the untreated samples.     

摩擦纺包芯纱织物性能测试分析

对棉包涤纶长丝摩擦纱、棉包锦纶高弹丝摩擦纱、棉包锦纶全牵伸丝摩擦纱以及棉包粘胶长丝摩擦纱四种平纹织物的性能进行了试验研究 ,并将它们与纯棉环锭纱和纯棉摩擦纱的平纹织物的性能进行了比较分析。研究结果表明 ,棉包涤纶长丝摩擦纱织物和棉包锦纶高弹丝摩擦纱织物在服用、舒适等方面均优于环锭纱织物。这两种摩擦纺包芯纱织物作为服用织物具有良好的发展前景     

Thermo-physiological comfort properties of double-face knitted fabrics made from different types of polyester yarns and cotton yarn

Double-face knitted fabrics with hydrophobic inner and hydrophilic outer layers are characterised by their advantageous thermo-physiological comfort property that facilitates the transport of sweat from skin to outer fabric layer where it can be evaporated easily. In this study, for the production of double-face knitted fabrics, cotton yarn as hydrophilic yarn type and five different polyester filament yarns consisting of standard polyester, hollow polyester, micro polyester, textured polyester and textured micro polyester as hydrophobic yarn type were used. In order to determine the thermo-physiological comfort properties of the fabrics, air permeability, water vapour permeability, thermal conductivity, thermal resistance and overall moisture management capacity were measured. The results were comparatively analysed using statistical methods. The experimental results demonstrated that the polyester-type yarns and the combinations of them with the cotton yarn in fabric layers affected the thermo-physiological comfort properties significantly. The fabrics with polyester-type inner face and cotton outer face showed the best moisture transmission properties.     

Investigation on permeability and moisture management properties of different denim fabrics after repeated laundering

The physiological comfort determined by air permeability and moisture management properties of fabrics is influenced by various constructional parameters of the fabric which give woven fabric a porous structure. Evaporation of sweat during wear has the potential to cool the body besides restricting the additional weight of sweat being absorbed by the fabric. In this study, comfort characteristics of denim fabrics with different weft yarn of cotton, polyester and core spun Lycra have been discussed. Effect of enzyme washing and repeated laundering on air permeability, moisture management and drying rate has also been discussed. It was observed that air permeability and water vapour permeability of unwashed denim fabrics with cotton weft yarn are significantly higher than the fabric with polyester and Lycra cotton weft yarns. The wetting time is higher for cotton and Lycra cotton yarn fabrics. One-way transport index is highest for Lycra cotton weft fabrics and lowest for fabrics with polyester weft. Fabrics with polyester weft yarns show highest spreading rate, spreading radius and drying rate due to better wicking and hydrophobic nature of polyester fibres.     

The Effect of Functional Finishes and Laundering on Textile Materials Part I: Surface Characteristics

The effects of finishes and laundering on the surface characteristics of cotton and polyester fibers are evaluated in this investigation. Changes in the surface properties of the fibers are monitored through contact-angle determinations (the Wilhelmy technique) before and after treatment of the fabrics with durable-press, fluorocarbon stain-repellent, and antistatic finishes. The durable-press and stain-repellent finishes did not produce a noticeable change in the wettability of the cotton fibers. However, the wettability of the polyester fibers was increased, and the polar contribution to the surface free energy increased after treatment with stain-repellent finishes. Treatment of cotton with cationic surfactants as antistatic finishes converted the surface to a hydrophobic character. A reverse phenomenon was observed on the surface of polyester fibers after treatment with antistatic finishes. The different effects of the surfactant treatments were attributed to different deposition patterns of the surfactant molecules at the fiber surfaces. Laundering was found to increase the wettability of unfinished cotton and polyester fibers, presumably owing to surface roughening from mechanical agitation and the removal of oil-borne contaminants. The effect of laundering on the finished fibers was dependent on the retention of the finishes on the fabrics in the laundering process.     

聚酯长丝/棉复合纱斜纹织物的保形性及服用性能

为研究聚酯(PET)长丝/棉复合纱斜纹织物的保形性及服用性能,利用PET长丝与纯棉纱开发了3种线密度为9.8 tex的纱线,并以二上二下斜纹组织织造了4种织物。对织物进行了折皱回复性、免烫性、尺寸稳定性、悬垂性等保形性能,强伸性、拉伸弹性、顶破性等抗变形性测试,以及手感风格、透湿性、透气性等服用性能测试。对比分析了纯棉纱织物与复合纱织物的保形性与服用性能。结果表明:PET长丝/棉复合纱可改善纯棉织物的折皱回复性、悬垂性,提高免烫等级,同时又不影响织物的服用性能;包芯纱织物比包缠纱织物有更好的保形性,更高的免烫等级,是免烫衬衫面料的理想选择。     

Elastic Recovery and Performance of Denim Fabric Prepared by Cotton/Lycra Core Spun Yarns

ABSTRACT

Elastic performance coefficient (EPC) and recovery behavior of denim fabrics prepared with cotton/lycra core spun stretch yarns have been presented in this article. The denim fabrics are woven as broken twill weaves in an air-jet weaving machine by the insertion of core spun yarns (lycra filament in core, cotton fiber on sheath) as weft and using 100% cotton yarns as warp. The effect of linear density and stretch percentage of the core spun weft yarns on tensile and recovery behavior of denim fabric have been investigated by employing full factorial design of experiments. It has been observed that the tensile strength and EPC of fabric increase with decrease in linear density and stretch percentage of the core spun stretch yarn. The immediate elastic recovery and delayed elastic recovery increase with decrease in linear density and stretch percentage of the yarns.     

壳聚糖在纺织品染整加工中的应用

介绍了壳聚糖在纺织品染色及防皱、抗静电、抗菌等功能性整理方面的应用与研究情况。棉织物和真丝织物用直接染料染色前、羊毛织物用酸性和活性染料染色前或用媒介染料染色中、涤棉和人棉织物染色前用壳聚糖处理均能提高染料上染率。经壳聚糖处理后 ,涤纶织物抗静电效果显著 ,亚麻织物、棉织物和真丝织物的弹性回复角均有提高 ,各种织物的抗菌效果明显。     

仿棉聚酯纤维保暖针织产品开发

介绍了仿棉聚酯纤维与棉的混纺纱的性能,选用4种仿棉聚酯纤维/棉混纺纱、氨纶丝、低弹涤纶丝交织,开发了平针添纱织物、平针衬垫拉绒织物、绗缝织物3种保暖针织物,测试分析其性能。结果表明：仿棉聚酯纤维/棉混纺纱针织物具有良好的保暖性、抗起毛起球性及服用舒适性,是开发保暖服装的理想原料。     

不锈钢纤维/涤纶特种花式线及其电磁波屏蔽织物的开发

以不锈钢长丝和有色涤纶丝等为芯纱原料,纯棉纱线及彩色涤纶丝为饰纱原料,在HKV151B型花式捻线机上纺制出具有电磁波屏蔽特殊功能的23种花色的花式线;用SL7900剑杆小样织机进行小样试织,设计织制了10个规格系列的电磁波屏蔽功能织物小样。电磁屏蔽性能和常规性能测试的结果显示,花式线织物具有突出的抗电磁屏蔽性能,并可满足常规家用休闲防护服面料的基本服用性能和外观风格要求。     

聚酯与棉三层纬编针织物的机械及热学性能

针织编织中纱线线圈的相互串套,可生产二维和／或三维的织物,并有可能生产多层织物。三层织物由放湿层、吸汗层以及散热层组成,因此具有良好的热湿舒适性能。经编和纬编均可生产三层织物。主要研究棉／聚酯／棉和棉／聚酯／聚酯2种三层织物,通过测试两者的的尺寸稳定性、吸湿性、芯吸性以及导热性,对比其机械及热学特性。实验研究发现纱线原料种类和组合方式对三层织物性能有很大影响。     

Impact of structural variations in hollow yarn on heat and moisture transport properties of fabrics

The use of hollow/microporous yarns plays an important role in enhancing the thermo‐physiological comfort properties of fabrics. Depending on structural variations in hollow yarn, heat and moisture regulation behaviours of fabrics can be affected significantly. In this study, three types of hollow cotton yarn fabrics, produced by introducing polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) filament in the core, PVA staple fibres in the blend and PVA filament in doubling with cotton spun yarn, are studied. All three types of pre‐hollow yarns and reference yarns are made with a variation in spinning technique (single roving/double roving) to prepare eight single jersey knitted fabrics. The hollow/microporous structure of the yarn is created by dissolving the PVA fibres using hot washing of the fabrics. On overall evaluation of the fabric’s thermo‐physiological comfort properties, the doubled hollow yarn fabrics are found to be better than other fabrics. In general, thermal resistance, thermal absorptivity, wicking and drying properties of all types of hollow yarn fabrics increase after repeated laundering, while air permeability, water vapour permeability and water absorbency of hollow yarn fabrics mostly decrease. In contrast with fabrics made from yarn produced through single roving technique, use of double roving technique only improves fabric water vapour permeability.     

棉/单芯涤纶长丝包芯纱织物的力学性能研究

文章对棉/单芯涤纶长丝包芯纱织物的力学性能指标进行了测试分析与比较,其断裂强度和撕裂强度均高于同规格纯棉环锭纱织物,经向的拉伸强度和撕裂强度比纬向的要大,而顶破性能则比纯棉环锭纱织物差。     

氨纶丝预牵伸倍数对弹力织物性能的影响

为了解氨纶丝预牵伸倍数对弹力织物性能的影响,在一定的工艺设备与条件下,纺制了不同牵伸倍数的环锭弹力纱及转杯弹力纱,利用这些弹力纱作为纬纱,分别织制了环锭弹力纱织物和转杯弹力纱织物.为了进行对比,还织造了相同规格的纯棉织物.经织物性能测试表明:弹力织物除断裂强度比纯棉织物低外,断裂伸长率、弹性回复率、折皱回复率、透气性能均优于纯棉织物;环锭弹力纱织物除折皱回复性比转杯弹力纱织物低之外,断裂强力、断裂伸长率、弹性回复性、透气性能指标均优于后者;弹力织物除透气性外,断裂强度、断裂伸长率、弹性回复、折皱回复都随弹力丝预牵伸倍数的增大先增大后减小.     

有机导电短纤维混纺纱的导电和抗静电性能

为研究有机导电短纤维对面料抗静电性能的影响,用不同纺纱方法将不同比例的有机导电短纤维分别与涤纶和棉混纺,并对其面料的导电性能进行研究和评价。结果发现：在导电纤维含量相同的情况下,环锭纱的导电性能好于转杯纱;有机导电纤维的含量为4％左右时,面料的比表面积电阻降低到107~109 Ω/cm2之间,可以满足抗静电的要求,进一步提高含量不仅增加成本,而且对面料的服用性能会有影响,对抗静电性能没有实际意义;小比例有机导电纤维对混纺纱线的强力和断裂伸长等物理指标无明显影响。     

聚酯织物吸湿排汗亲水整理工艺的研究

对亲水整理剂GX-12在聚酯织物上的应用工艺进行了研究。实验结果表明，经亲水整理剂GX-12整理后的聚酯织物的吸水性、透湿性、易去污性和抗静电性得到显著提高，并能获得良好持久性的亲水整理效果。同时提出了亲水整理剂GX-12整理聚酯织物的最佳工艺条件。     

喷气涡流纺涤纶包芯纱的开发

探讨喷气涡流纺涤纶包芯纱的生产工艺。阐述了喷气涡流纺包芯纱纺纱原理,针对涤纶纤维的特点,对原料进行抗静电油剂预处理,前纺各工序合理配制工艺,对喷气涡流纺纱机喂入比、芯丝喂入张力等工艺参数进行试验优选,结果成功纺制出19.7 tex喷气涡流纺涤纶包芯纱,质量满足了产品开发的要求。     

Effect of relative rubbing speed on the tribo‐electrification of continuous filament yarn by stainless steel pins

The effect of relative rubbing speed on the tribo‐electrification between different continuous filament yarns and stainless steel “charging pins” was analysed. A modified linear tester, housed in an environmental room, was used to charge the yarn while transporting at desired speed and input tension. The yarn was rubbed against the charging pin, which was also rotated at different speeds. The yarn surface charge, yarn output tension and charging pin’s vibration were monitored in real time automatically. The results showed that for nylon yarn charge was minimized when the yarn/pin relative speed approached zero, regardless of the absolute rubbing speeds of yarn and pin. It was also found that, at the same relative speed, less charge was generated when a larger pin was used. For finish‐free nylon yarn, the charge was also minimized as the relative speed approaches zero; however, for finish‐free polyester yarn and finish‐free polypropylene yarn, the effect of relative rubbing speed on the electrification was not very significant.     

机织面料吸湿快干梯度结构的构建

采用吸湿快干纤维Coolking及莫代尔、棉和涤纶纤维进行纱线设计,构建了机织面料吸湿快干梯度结构模型,通过疏水性纤维和亲水性纤维的合理配置,变化表里经纱的密度比,利用机织多层结构研制了6种具有导湿快干功能的机织面料。分别测试了这6种面料的毛细高度、保水率、水滴渗透面积和体积、自然干燥率、透气量,采用多项综合值对吸湿快干效果加以评定。结果表明,表里经纱密度比为1∶2的结构在吸湿快干性能上要优于表里经纱比为1∶1的结构,里层纱线由莫代尔/涤纶、Coolking/棉构成的配置吸湿快干性能较好,莫代尔/棉、Coolking/棉的配置其次,莫代尔/涤纶和莫代尔/棉的配置较差。     

粘胶长丝的无矿物油油剂体系

介绍了以聚碳酸酯为基础的纺丝油剂组分Stoko CB591的优点。用该组分与聚丙烯酸粘性添加剂Mirox 7570组成的新油剂体系在粘胶长丝生产中将有很大的发展潜力。