基于纳米银颗粒团聚反应的表面增强拉曼光谱法测定牛奶中三聚氰胺的含量

建立表面增强拉曼(surface-enhanced raman scattering,SERS)技术检测牛奶中三聚氰胺含量的方法。以金属钛板作为SERS衬底材料,采用50 nm银纳米颗粒作为基底,控制银溶胶与样品的体积比为1∶2,Na Cl和Na OH溶液的浓度为4 mol/L,通过便携式拉曼光谱仪采集样品的SERS信号。在质量浓度0. 2～10 mg/L的范围内,SERS强度随着牛奶中三聚氰胺浓度的增大而增强,线性相关系数R~2=0. 998,检测限为0. 08 mg/L。使用银纳米基底对1 mg/L加标样品平行测定20次,三聚氰胺特征峰强度的相对标准偏差为4. 34%。此法简单易行,重现性好、稳定性高,可实现对牛奶中三聚氰胺含量的快速检测,为食品中污染物的SERS检测提供了参考价值。     

金纳米片/胶带SERS柔性基底的制备及对敌百虫的检测

敌百虫(TCF)是一种高效低毒的杀虫剂，它在碱性环境下会转化为敌敌畏，毒性增加，因此对于TCF的检测十分重要。本文制备了一种基于金纳米片(AuNTs)的胶带SERS柔性基底，胶带通过粘贴的方式对样品表面农药残留进行提取，然后，滴加AuNTs溶液将农药残留覆盖，进行拉曼测试。结果表明:该SERS柔性基底对于拉曼信标分子尼罗兰A(NBA)具有良好的信号稳定性和检测灵敏度。以TCF在波长757 cm-1处的拉曼特征峰强度为纵坐标，TCF溶液浓度为横坐标进行线性拟合，在1~10 μg/mL线性范围，y = 226.370x + 193.861(R2 = 0.9960)，计算得到LOD为0.781 μg/mL。AuNTs/胶带SERS基底的提出，为表面农药残留检测提供了新方法。     

基于硫代胆碱调控SERS基底检测茶叶中痕量氧乐果

以维多利亚蓝B(victoria blue B,VBB)为探针分子，利用表面增强拉曼散射(surface enhanced Raman scattering,SERS)结合酶催化反应构建氧乐果快速检测方法。结果表明，在水浴温度为37℃，将乙酰胆碱酯酶活化15 min，再进行酶催化反应15 min，反应后静置10 min，滴加金纳米溶胶后再静置15 min，在检测体系中乙酰胆碱酯酶、碘化乙酰硫代胆碱、金纳米溶胶、VBB的浓度分别为5μg/mL、5μmol/L、0.195μg/mL、0.25μmol/L条件下，建立的检测体系在1 614 cm^-1处的SERS吸收峰值△I与3.5 ng/L～403.5 ng/L的氧乐果浓度呈良好的线性关系，相关系数为R2=0.995 8，检出限为1.90×10-4ng/L。当常见离子和农药在体系中共存时，对氧乐果的测定不产生干扰，说明体系稳定性良好。加标回收率为99.02%，相对标准偏差为1.17%。     

高效液相色谱法测定奶粉中玉米黄质含量

目的 本文建立了一种使用高效液相色谱快速检测奶粉中玉米黄质含量的方法。方法 奶粉样品用蛋白酶在45℃条件下振荡酶解30 min,正己烷/丙酮(9：1)重复提取2次,旋转蒸发浓缩至近干,正己烷/乙酸乙酯(65：35)复溶后,用Si 60(100 mm×2.1 mm,5 μm)色谱柱经高效液相色谱紫外检测器测定,外标法定量测得。结果 试验结果表明,玉米黄质在14.018 min附近出峰,玉米黄质浓度在0 μg/mL-4.0 μg/mL范围内呈良好线性关系(R_²=0.99982)。空白奶粉样品中添加玉米黄质含量为63.35 μg/100 g,126.7 μg/100 g,316.75 μg/100 g时,加标回收率在95.8%～96.7%之间,相对标准偏差在1.1%-3.9%之间。当取样量为2 g,定容体积为5 mL时,检测限为20 μg/100 g,定量限为50 μg/100 g。结论 该检测方法相对于其他前处理较简单,具有较高准确度、灵敏度、稳定性,可以满足奶粉中玉米黄质含量的检测。     

表面增强拉曼光谱快速检测抗风湿类中成药中非法添加的美洛昔康

为了有效防范中成药以及保健品中非法添加美洛昔康,开发了一种灵敏、便捷、准确的美洛昔康的检测方法。通过金属辅助的化学刻蚀制备银纳米枝晶修饰的硅纳米阵列(AgNDs/SiNWs)作为表面增强拉曼光谱的增强基底,目标物美洛昔康作为拉曼探针分子,通过优化制备条件以及检测条件,评价其拉曼增强效果、重现性、可重复利用性以及储存稳定性。选择HFH_2O_2-H_2O体系作为刻蚀液,采用两步法,刻蚀时间25 min,镀银时间120 s的刻蚀条件,将5μL美洛昔康滴加在AgNDs/SiNWs上进行拉曼检测,最低检测质量浓度为0.1μg/mL,其中,1 160 cm-1处拉曼峰强度与美洛昔康质量浓度在0.1～25μg/mL线性关系较好(y=8.688 7x+89.945 9,R2=0.992 3)。对市售抗风湿类中成药复方蚂蚁活络胶囊中的美洛昔康进行检测,样品未测出美洛昔康成分,即低于16.7μg/g,远低于一般非法添加量7.5 mg/g。加标回收率为80.0%～112.4%,验证了该方法在实际样品检测中的可行性。     

表面增强拉曼光谱活性基底的制备及其应用研究

目的制备银溶胶表面增强拉曼散射(surface-enhanced Raman scattering,SERS)活性基底,并基于自行制备的基底检测米线中的乌洛托品。方法利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和紫外-可见吸收光谱对制备的银纳米颗粒进行表征。采用氯化钠作为促凝剂,对所制备的活性基底进行性能优化。基于自行制备的SERS活性基底,研究了乌洛托品的表面增强拉曼光谱,并将这种检测方法应用于米线中乌洛托品的检测。结果当乌洛托品的浓度达到1 mg/kg时,仍然可以得到明显的拉曼信号,乌洛托品在1~5 mg/kg的范围内呈现良好的线性关系,R2=0.928。结论 SERS技术操作简便、快速、准确,可用于米线中痕量乌洛托品的现场快速检测。     

高表面增强拉曼散射活性rGO-AuNPs的合成及其在氧氟沙星检测中的应用

目的:为氧氟沙星含量检测提供新的研究方向。方法:利用生物质还原法合成具有高表面增强拉曼散射(SERS)活性的还原氧化石墨烯—金复合纳米材料(rGO-AuNPs),通过紫外可见光谱、透射电子显微镜、扫描电子显微镜证明rGO-AuNPs的成功合成，测量并计算其拉曼增强因子(EF)。基于SERS热点效应与核酸适配体的特异性结合能力建立OFL含量检测体系，优化检测条件，建立标准曲线，并将其应用于池塘水样OFL检测中。结果:以百合花瓣生物质成功合成了rGO-AuNPs,金纳米粒子生长在还原氧化石墨烯片层上，EF为3.88×10⁷。体系SERS强度与氧氟沙星质量浓度在1～500 ng/mL范围内有较好的线性关系，检测限为0.3 ng/mL。加标回收率为96.28%～102.84%,相对标准偏差<10%。结论:合成的rGO-AuNPs具有高SERS活性，在OFL检测方面具有较好的应用前景。     

石墨烯HF-SPME-HPLC测定牛奶中氟喹诺酮类抗生素残留

建立了一种石墨烯中空纤维固相微萃取-高效液相色谱联用测定牛奶中6种氟喹诺酮类药物的方法。以中空纤维为模板,石墨烯为增强体,采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了石墨烯中空纤维。以最大峰面积为标准考察了影响萃取效率的因素。结果表明,最佳实验条件为解析液为乙腈(含5%甲酸)1.0 mL,样品体积10.0 mL,NaCl 2.0 g,萃取体系pH=7,萃取温度为50℃。在最佳实验条件下,富集倍数为14.2~30.8,6种氟喹诺酮药物线性良好,方法检出限为0.38~0.70 μg/L,相对标准偏差为2.4%~8.5%,牛奶中加标回收率为75.2%~95.4%。在品牌牛奶2和市售鲜奶中分别检出2.1 μg/L诺氟沙星和4.8 μg/L沙氟沙星。该样品处理方法基质效应小、灵敏度高、简便、准确,可用于牛奶中残留氟喹诺酮类药物的检测。     

钙型糖柱—高效液相色谱—蒸发光散射检测器法测定牛乳中的乳糖

目的：实现牛乳中乳糖含量快速检测。方法：建立基于钙型糖柱和高效液相色谱测定牛乳中乳糖的新方法。牛乳通过0.2 g/mL三氯乙酸溶液沉淀蛋白质，所得滤液稀释100倍并过滤膜后进入高效液相色谱系统，经过钙型糖柱分离，蒸发光散射检测器进行检测。结果：乳糖在线性范围（20～100 mg/L）内，色谱峰面积和质量浓度之间具有较好的相关性，R²为0.999 8。乳糖加标水平为15，40，80 mg/g时，回收率为90.96%～98.23%，检出限为3.6 μg/g，定量限为12 μg/g，在6 min内实现乳糖浓度的测定。并且用该方法测定11种市售乳样品，测得结果与国标（GB 5009.8—2016）法基本一致。结论：该方法的精密度、重复性、加标回收率均符合有关规定，检测结果准确且耗时短，适用于快速检测牛乳中的乳糖含量。     

浊点萃取-高效液相色谱法测定牛奶中的 双酚A和壬基酚

目的 建立浊点萃取-高效液相色谱相结合检测牛奶中双酚A和4-n-壬基酚的分析方法。方法 应用浊点萃取(CPE)对牛奶中的双酚A和4-n-壬基酚进行萃取富集。研究确立了牛奶体积为10mL时,冰乙酸体积为200 μL,无水硫酸钠质量为0.900 g,离心参数为9917.355 g（10000 r/min）、8℃、10 min的最佳破乳条件; 最佳浊点萃取条件为: Tween 20的浓度为100g/L,无水硫酸钠的质量为0.020g,正丁醇的体积为200μL,平衡温度为60℃,平衡时间为30min。结果 双酚A在0.05-2.00mg/L,壬基酚在0.1~5.00mg/L范围内呈良好的线性关系,线性相关系数均大于0.999,双酚A的加标回收率在85.60～91.20 %之间,壬基酚在71.30~73.30%之间,RSD为3.42～9.85 %,方法的检出限分别为7.36 μg/kg、93.19μg/kg。结论 该方法具有有机试剂用量少、灵敏度高、绿色环保以及操作简单等特点, 对于牛奶中的双酚A和壬基酚有着良好的检测效果。     

Textural Properties of Cold-set Gels Induced from Heat-denatured Whey Protein Isolates

A 9% whey protein (WP) isolate solution at pH 7.0 was heat-denatured at 80°C for 30 min. Size-exclusion HPLC showed that native WP formed soluble aggregates after heat-treatment. Additions of CaCl2 (10–40 mM), NaCl (50–400 mM) or glucono-delta-lactone (GDL, 0.4–2.0%, w/v) or hydrolysis by a protease from Bacillus licheniformis caused gelation of the denatured solution at 45°C. Textural parameters, hardness, adhesiveness, and cohesiveness of the gels so formed changed markedly with concentration of added salts or pH by added GDL. Maximum gel hardness occurred at 200 mM NaCl or pH 4.7. Increasing CaCl2 concentration continuously increased gel hardness. Generally, GDL-induced gels were harder than salt-induced gels, and much harder than the protease-induced gel.     

Occurrence of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in fish canned in oil

The levels of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) were quantified as part of a European survey on the migration of residues of epoxy resins into oil from canned fish. The contents of BFDGE in cans, lids and fish collected from all 15 Member States of the European Union and Switzerland were analysed in 382 samples. Cans and lids were separately extracted with acetonitrile. The extraction from fish was carried out with hexane followed by re-extraction with acetonitrile. The analysis was performed by reverse phase HPL C with fluorescence detection. BFDGE could be detected in 12% of the fish, 24% of the cans and 18% of the lids. Only 3% of the fish contained BFDGE in concentrations considerably above 1mg/kg. In addition to the presented data, a comparison was made with the levels of BADGE (bisphenol-A-diglycidyl ether)analysed in the same products in the context of a previous study.     

Contribution of European research to risk analysis

The European Commission's, Quality of Life Research Programme, Key Action 1—Health, Food & Nutrition is mission-oriented and aims, amongst other things, at providing a healthy, safe and high-quality food supply leading to reinforced consumer confidence in the safety of European food. Its objectives also include the enhancing of the competitiveness of the European food supply. Key Action 1 is currently supporting a number of different types of European collaborative projects in the area of risk analysis. The objectives of these projects range from the development and validation of prevention strategies including the reduction of consumers risks; development and validation of new modelling approaches; harmonization of risk assessment principles, methodologies, and terminology; standardization of methods and systems used for the safety evaluation of transgenic food; providing of tools for the evaluation of human viral contamination of shellfish and quality control; new methodologies for assessing the potential of unintended effects of genetically modified (genetically modified) foods; development of a risk assessment model for Cryptosporidium parvum related to the food and water industries; to the development of a communication platform for genetically modified organism, producers, retailers, regulatory authorities and consumer groups to improve safety assessment procedures, risk management strategies and risk communication; development and validation of new methods for safety testing of transgenic food; evaluation of the safety and efficacy of iron supplementation in pregnant women; evaluation of the potential cancer-preventing activity of pro- and pre-biotic ('synbiotic') combinations in human volunteers. An overview of these projects is presented here.     

低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性

为研究低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性,以经低温脱脂的带皮菜籽粕为原料,经微粉碎后筛分成212~425μm、150~212μm和106~150μm的3个不同粒级的微粉样品,检测这些样品的吸水性、吸油性、乳化性和乳化稳定性、蛋白质体外消化率。结果表明:1 3个不同粒级的微粉样品之间的粗纤维含量存在显著差异,表明三者的结构组成成分有一定差异。23个微粉样品的乳化活性和乳化稳定性随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。33个微粉样品的蛋白质体外消化率随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。4不同粒级带皮菜籽粕微粉样品的吸水性与吸油性受其结构组成物质不同和粒度的双重影响,与粒度的相关性不明显。     

Microbiology of food taints

Fresh and processed foods are often spoilt by the presence of undesirable flavours and odours caused by microbial action. The aim of this paper is to review the current knowledge of microbiologically induced taints that occur in a wide range of foodstuffs, including meats, poultry, fish, crustaceans, milk, dairy products, fruits, vegetables, cereals and cereal products. Examples have been chosen where the compounds responsible for the taint have been identified and sufficient data obtained to demonstrate the involvement of microorganisms. However, in some cases the full identity of the causative organism may not have been elucidated. The types of microorganisms covered by this review include bacteria, fungi, yeasts, actinomycetes and cyanobacteria. Although cyanobacteria do not in general infect foods, their presence in aqueous systems and water supplies can lead to off-flavours in aquatic organisms and processed foodstuffs. Several examples of each of these processes are discussed. Wherever possible, the likely biosynthetic pathway used by the microorganism to produce the offending compound in a foodstuff is indicated.     

Analysis for organic residues from aids to polymerization used to make plastics intended for food contact

Polymers intended for food contact use have been analysed for organic residues which could be attributed to a range of substances employed as polymerization aids (e.g. initiators and catalysts). A wide range of polymers was extracted with solvents and the extracts analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The overwhelming majority of substances identified were not derived from aids to polymerization but were oligomers, additives and adventitious contaminants. However, a small number of substances were identified as initiator residues. These included tetramethylsuccinonitrile (TMSN) which was observed in two polymers and it derived from recombination of two azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) initiator radicals. Methyl benzoate, benzoic acid, biphenyl and phenyl benzoate were detected in one poly(methyl methacrylate) sample and in two polyvinylchlorides and they are thought to be derived from benzoyl peroxide initiator. TMSN was subsequently targeted for analysis of poly-(methyl methacrylate) plastics using proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry (¹     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part II: Medium molecular weight permeants

Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of different medium molecular weight model permeants: bisphenol A, warfarin and anthracene, from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 microns-thick orientated polypropylene--OPP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. The characterization of permeation kinetics generally observed the permeation models previously reported to explain the experimental permeation results obtained for a low molecular weight group of model permeants. In general, the model permeants exhibited behaviour consistent with their relative molecular weights with respect to (a) the time taken to attain steady-state permeation into the food simulant in which they were more soluble, (b) their subsequent steady-state permeation rates, and (c) their partition between liquid paraffin and the OPP membrane.     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. I: Interlaboratory studies of methods of analysis

This paper describes the first part of a project undertaken to develop mussel reference materials for Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning (PSP) toxins. Two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin (STX) and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin (dc-STX) in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the second part of the project: the certification exercise. In the first study, 18 laboratories were asked to measure STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and to identify as many other PSP toxins as possible with a method of their choice. In the second interlaboratory study, 15 laboratories were additionally asked to determine quantitatively STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The first study revealed that three out of four postcolumn derivatization methods and one pre-column derivatization method sufficed in principle to determine STX and dc-STX. Most participants (13 of 18) obtained acceptable calibration curves and recoveries. Saxitoxin was hardly detected in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels and results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 58% at a mass fraction of 1.86 mg/kg. Most participants (14 out of 18) identified gonyautoxin-5 (GTX-5) in a hydrolysed extract provided. The first study led to provisional criteria for linearity, recovery and separation. The second study revealed that 6 out of 15 laboratories were able to meet these criteria. Results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 3.49mg/kg. Results obtained for STX in the saxitoxin-enriched material yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 0.34mg/kg. Saxitoxin could not be detected in the PSP-positive material. Hydrolysis was useful to confirm the identity of GTX5 and provided indicative information about C1 and C2 toxins in the PSP-positive material. The methods used in the second interlaboratory study showed sufficiently consistent analysis results to undertake a certification exercise to assign certified values for STX and dc-STX in lyophilized mussel.     

Focus on China's Paper Industry

In the English section of this issue, 〈China Paper Newsletters〉 will introduce ＂National Development and Reform Commission Issued Announcement for Selection of Major Preliminary Research Projects for the ＇13th Five-Year Plan＇＂, ＂2013 Annual Report of China＇s Paper Industry＂, and news of projects and other policies.     

Listen to downstream & search for innovation

正Nowadays,textile enterprises are all taking efforts in transformation and upgrading,like improving producing capacity and optimizing production structure to face market downturn.It claimed a higher request to the standard of textile equipments.In the upcoming of ITMA ASIA+CITME 2014exhibition,this magazine have interviewed several branch associations and a series of relative enterprises,to summarize industrial developing status