邻苯二甲酸二(2-乙基己基)酯的内分泌干扰作用及神经毒性研究进展

邻苯二甲酸二(2-乙基己基)酯(DEHP)是一种使用广泛的邻苯二甲酸酯类增塑剂,该物质可以通过塑料制品迁移到环境中,亦可以通过食品包装材料直接迁移到食品中,从而对空气、水、土壤和食品造成污染。DEHP具有生殖和发育毒性、免疫毒性、胚胎毒性、肝脏毒性、神经毒性及致癌性等,同时可对内分泌系统造成一定的干扰。本文就DEHP的内分泌干扰作用和神经毒性及其两者间的相互作用关系进行综述。     

食品接触制品中邻苯二甲酸酯类增塑剂的风险评估

邻苯二甲酸酯类物质作为增塑剂,广泛应用于食品接触材料及制品的生产,其安全性是消费者密切关注的问题。从危害性描述、危害作用与剂量、暴露评估及风险描述等方面对邻苯二甲酸酯类物质的使用进行风险评估,结果表明：人体暴露于邻苯二甲酸酯类增塑剂的剂量已构成消费者健康风险,应限制邻苯二甲酸酯类物质在食品接触材料中使用,建议开发环保新型增塑剂作为替代品。     

邻苯二甲酸酯毒性及检测方法研究进展

综述了邻苯二甲酸酯毒性及检测方法的研究进展。重点介绍了邻苯二甲酸酯的生殖发育毒性、胚胎毒性、肿瘤和致癌作用,以及邻苯二甲酸酯检测中各种样品处理和仪器分析方法研究等。展望了邻苯二甲酸酯检测的未来发展趋势。     

食品接触材料中邻苯二甲酸酯类物质迁移的 研究进展

邻苯二甲酸酯类物质是食品接触材料中广泛使用的增塑剂,具有神经毒性和生殖发育毒性。接触材料中添加的邻苯二甲酸酯类物质在与食品的长期接触过程中会向食品中迁移,其安全性直接影响食品安全和消费者的健康。因此,研究食品接触材料中邻苯二甲酸酯的迁移对保障食品安全具有十分重要的意义。本文介绍了食品中邻苯二甲酸酯的污染情况,综述了国内外食品接触材料中邻苯二甲酸酯类物质的迁移试验研究方法、模拟物选择、分析检测方法及近年来的迁移研究现状,提出了目前研究存在的主要问题同时对今后的研究趋势和方向进行了展望。建议进一步加强对脂肪性模拟液、检测方法、迁移模型及迁移机制的研究,以期为准确评估食品接触材料的安全性、保障食品质量安全提供理论基础。     

邻苯二甲酸酯增塑剂及其环保代用品的开发(一)

邻苯二甲酸酯增塑剂因其生殖毒性和致癌性,近年来受到欧洲、美国等国的限用和禁用.文中介绍正在研究开发的代用增塑剂品种,包括对苯二甲酸酯、苯多酸多酯、二元酸酯、聚酯、植物油基、环氧植物油和柠檬酸酯等系列产品的合成路径和性能.     

食品包装污染物研究进展

本文主要论述了几种食品中的包装材料增塑剂污染物,包括双酚A,烷基酚、邻苯二甲酸酯、己二酸二(2-乙基己基)酯等,论述了其毒性、在食品中的含量及其迁移、降解等。     

纺织行业常见受限物质的危害和法规要求及其替代——邻苯二甲酸酯

邻苯二甲酸酯是一类广泛使用的增塑剂,随着塑料制品特别是聚氯乙烯(PVC)的大量生产和使用,邻苯二甲酸酯不断进入环境,已经成为全球性的污染物。许多邻苯二甲酸酯类化合物具有生殖毒性,并被列为环境激素,因此许多国家已经将其列为限用物质,出台了一系列法规和标准对其使用和在产品中的含量进行规范。在对邻苯二甲酸酯的危害进行介绍的同时,还介绍了其在生产、使用过程中的风险、检测方法以及相关替代物的研究进展。     

邻苯二甲酸酯类综述

邻苯二甲酸酯类（Phthalic Acid Esters ,PAEs）是一种十分常见的增塑剂,广泛用于塑料、橡胶及乳化剂等工业中,用其增塑的聚氯乙烯（PVC）可用于制造包装材料、农用薄膜、电缆等。台湾塑化剂事件发生后,消费者对此类增塑剂产生恐慌。本文对PAEs类增塑剂毒性以及美国、欧盟、日本、我国法规进行小结,不同分子量PAEs类增塑剂的毒性强度不同,各国对PAEs的管理方式也不尽相同。本文还对近5年来食品,食品包装材料以及生物样品中PAEs的分析方法进行了回顾,检测结果提示食品、生物样品中均能检测出不同水平的PAEs。因此,需探索更为可靠的分析方法,加强人群暴露水平评估,制定PAEs更为合理的限制规定,以保障消费者饮食健康。     

邻苯二甲酸酯类增塑剂的污染及暴露评估现状

邻苯二甲酸酯是塑料包装材料中常用的一种增塑剂,近来因台湾“塑化剂”事件使人们更加关注邻苯二甲酸酯的人群暴露及其潜在危害.本文简述了邻苯二甲酸酯的毒性,并综述了其对环境和食品的污染现状,以及暴露评估研究状况如生物标志物研究和人群暴露水平.     

邻苯二甲酸酯类增塑剂的研究现状

主要分析了邻苯二甲酸酯化合物在生理毒性方面对人体的危害,包括邻苯二甲酸酯化合物生殖毒性和致畸致癌作用。介绍了水、空气和食品3个体系中邻苯二甲酸酯化合物具体的分析方法及研究现状。在此基础上,提出了对邻苯二甲酸酯类化合物的应对策略和注意问题,为今后的进一步研究提供参考。     

纸包装油墨中增塑剂向奶粉的迁移

纸包装油墨中含有有毒有害物质并可通过包装材料迁移进入内装食品从而危害人体健康。模拟实际印刷条件制作真实油墨迁移单元,研究纸张胶印油墨中4种主要增塑剂（3种邻苯二甲酸酯类增塑剂和近年流行的环保增塑剂乙酰基柠檬酸三丁酯）向奶粉的迁移,考察其在100、70、50、25 ℃的迁移行为,探讨增塑剂的性质及其在纸张中的分布等因素对迁移行为的影响。结果表明：4种增塑剂的最大迁移率在6.7%～67.8%之间。纸包装油墨中增塑剂的迁移防护性能还有待提高。     

Migration of plasticizers from printing inks into foods

It has been demonstrated that on storage of a tightly wound reel of polypropylene packaging film, specially printed for experimental purposes, transfer can occur of components from the ink on the outer surface of the film on to the inner food contact surface. For dicyclohexyl phthalate this transfer amounted to 6% of the total amount of plasticizer available in the printing ink system. It was subsequently shown for confectionery and snack food products wrapped in commercially printed polypropylene films that plasticizers only present in the printing ink migrated into the foods. The migration of plasticizer increased with storage time of the wrapped product; for dibutyl phthalate, for example, levels increased from 0.2 to 6.7 mg/kg over the period from 0 to 180 days storage of a chocolate-coated confectionery product. A small retail survey (47 samples) of confectionery, snack products and biscuits wrapped in printed polypropylene film showed the presence of one or more plasticizers at levels from 0.02 to 14.1 mg/kg for dibutyl phthalate, from less than 0.01 to 18.6 mg/kg for dicyclohexyl phthalate and from less than 0.01 to 1.8 mg/kg for di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate. In all cases there was a good correlation between the plasticizers found in the printing ink from the film and those in the food. Wide variations were found, however, in the amounts and types of plasticizers used in printed packaging of the same brand of retail food product purchased from different regions of the country.     

食品接触材料及制品中邻苯二甲酸酯类塑化剂的风险管控

综述邻苯二甲酸酯类塑化剂的毒理评价和暴露评估,食品和食品接触材料及制品相关法规要求和国内外监测信息,并分析评价塑料、纸张、橡胶、涂层、热塑性弹性体等各类食品接触材料中邻苯二甲酸酯类物质的风险,建议企业警惕迁移风险为高、中的材料和制品,用于接触高油脂、酒精食品或高温、长时间使用的情况,为相关行业有效管控邻苯二甲酸酯类塑化剂风险提供依据。     

Migration of phthalates from soft PVC packaging into shower and bath gels and assessment of consumer risk

Phthalates are used as plasticizers in many commodities and materials. Therefore, they are found everywhere as contaminants in food and in environmental samples. Due to their potential for developmental and reproductive toxicity, some congeners pose a health risk for consumers and their use is legally restricted with bans and limits. This, however, applies only partly to their usage in cosmetics, toys and packaging materials. Phthalates used as plasticizers in cosmetic packaging could be a previously unknown source of exposure for consumers. In market surveys of the state laboratory of Basel-City, conspicuously high levels of di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) and di-iso-nonyl phthalate (DINP) were found in shower and bath gels packed in soft PVC shaped as animals or fruits. The concentrations found ranged from 0.02 to 1.3%. It could be shown that concentrations increased significantly during storage. It can therefore be assumed that the phthalates found migrated from the packaging into the gels. The estimated exposure of adults and children to DEHP and DINP of 3.5 and 4.6 μg/kg bw/day, respectively, which may result when using the tested gels does not pose a health risk for the consumer (exposure value below TDI). Regarding the high background contamination levels with phthalates in other sources, exposure from cosmetics should be kept as low as possible. The establishment of limits for phthalates in cosmetics is discussed.     

Identification of unknown substances in polyvinyl chloride gloves containing non-phthalate plasticizers

The use of polyvinyl chloride gloves containing di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate for food contact applications is restricted. In their place, polyvinyl chloride gloves containing non-phthalate plasticizers (PVC-NP) have been introduced. They contained unknown substances, so they were studied by GC/MS, HR-MS and NMR. The chemical structures of the unknown substances were confirmed to be diethylene glycol dibenzoate, triethylene glycol dibenzoate, dipropylene glycol dibenzoate, and alkylsulfonic acid phenyl ester, which are plasticizers. Including di-isononyl adipate, the contents of the plasticizers were 37.5-48.9% in the PVC-NP gloves, and their migration levels were 1,010-1,390 ppm into n-heptane. These are very high levels. These plasticizers are not widely used for food contact polyvinyl chloride throughout the world, and they have also not been registered as self-standards by Japanese manufacturers. Careful consideration will be necessary for the selection of a suitable plasticizer substitute.     

食品塑料包装材料中邻苯二甲酸二（2-乙基己）酯的暴露评估

文中主要综述了食品塑料包装材料所用邻苯二甲酸酯类增塑剂中,邻苯二甲酸二（2-乙基己）酯（DEHP）的性质、来源、毒性及危害。提出了预防措施和建议,为食品塑料包装材料的安全陛以及包装食品的安全陛的相关研究提供参考依据。     

2018年吉林省部分地区市售食用植物油产品中塑化剂含量的检测结果分析

目的 了解2018年吉林省部分地区食用植物油产品中塑化剂的污染情况。方法 检测并分析食用植物油产品155批次, 依据GB 5009.271-2016《食品安全国家标准 食品中邻苯二甲酸酯的测定》(第二法 气相色谱-质谱法 外标法), 对产品中的邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(dibutyl phthalate, DBP)和邻苯二甲酸二(2-乙基)己酯(di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, DEHP)2项塑化剂指标进行含量检测。结果 共有18批次食用植物油产品的塑化剂检测结果高于参考限值, 其中DBP超限率为11.61%, DEHP超限率为0.65%。结论 本次检测的食用植物油产品出现一定的塑化剂问题, DBP污染较为明显。污染来源可能来自塑料包装物、加工环节及环境污染, 塑化剂迁移途径和预防控制问题需要引起相关部门的重视。     

Contents of plasticizers in cap-sealing for bottled food and their migration into food

Plasticizers in cap-sealing for bottled foods were analyzed. Twenty-three domestic samples and 80 imported samples, a total of 103 samples, were tested. Among them, 93 contained chloride, and 62 contained di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), diisodecyl phthalate, O-acetyl tributyl citrate, diacetyllauroyl glycerol, di(2-ethylhexyl) adipate, diisononyl phthalate or dicyclohexyl phthalate. Twelve samples with DEHP-containing caps were further tested for plasticizer levels in the foods. Higher DEHP was detected in oily and fluid food specimens. However, the intake of plasticizers calculated based on usual food consumption did not exceed the tolerable daily intake level in any of the cases. A food sample containing the highest level of DEHP was stored under various conditions, and DEHP that migrated from the cap-sealing into the food was determined. Shaking the bottles increased migration of DEHP into foods.