柚皮膳食纤维微波辅助碱法提取工艺优化及其功能特性研究

以江永香柚柚皮为原料,优化柚皮膳食纤维微波辅助碱法提取的工艺条件,并对所提取膳食纤维的理化性质与抗氧化活性进行分析。结果表明:在优先保证可溶性膳食纤维提取得率条件下,江永香柚柚皮膳食纤维的最佳提取工艺为料液比110(g/mL)、碱液质量分数8%、微波时间40s、微波功率350W,该条件下,可溶性膳食纤维(SDF)与不溶性膳食纤维(IDF)的得率分别为40.8%,45.1%。2种膳食纤维均表现出良好持水力(SDF为5.3g/g,IDF为3.5g/g)、膨胀力(SDF为5.1 mL/g,IDF为2.4 mL/g)、持油力(SDF为4.6g/g,IDF为2.1g/g)。2种膳食纤维抗氧化活性显著,可清除DPPH自由基和抑制植物油脂的氧化;浓度达到2mg/mL后,SDF对自由基清除率显著高于IDF与BHT(P0.05);相同质量分数条件下,对油脂POV抑制作用SDFIDFBHT。     

微波辅助法和酶法制备苹果渣膳食纤维特性研究

以苹果渣为原料,分别采用微波辅助法和酶解法制备水溶性膳食纤维(SDF)和不溶性膳食纤维(IDF),对4种膳食纤维超微结构进行了比较,并研究了其持水力、溶胀性、油脂吸附力和胆酸钠吸附性,以期为制备高活性苹果渣膳食纤维提供依据。结果表明:微波辅助法和酶法制备的苹果渣SDF结构松散,呈现絮状和颗粒状,IDF呈片状;SDF具有良好的持水力和溶胀性,与IDF存在显著性差异,微波法和酶法SDF的持水力分别达752.3%和793.2%,溶胀性分别为11.1 m L/g和13.05 m L/g;SDF油脂吸附能力高于IDF,对饱和油脂吸附效果更加明显;苹果渣IDF对胆酸钠吸附能力强于SDF,以微波辅助法提取的IDF对胆酸钠的吸附能力最好,为93.33 mg/g。     

扁杏仁皮中膳食纤维的制备及理化性能研究

以辽西扁杏仁皮为原料制备膳食纤维。对超声波提取参数进行优化,选取液料比、碱液浓度、浸提时间及浸提温度进行单因素实验。采用液料比、碱液浓度和浸提时间为变量,以SDF提取率为响应值,进行响应面实验设计,优化膳食纤维工艺条件。结果表明,最佳工艺参数为:液料比16.5:1,碱液浓度3.6%,浸提时间2.3h,浸提温度45℃;超声波辅助提取参数为:功率600W,处理时间15min。此条件下杏仁皮SDF与IDF提取率分别达到7.23%、38.97%。SDF持水性达到5.22g/g,溶胀性为4.37mL/g;IDF持水性为7.16g/g,溶胀性为5.43mL/g。杏仁皮膳食纤维具有良好的理化性能。     

大豆种皮膳食纤维的生物发酵与酶解法制备及其体外降脂的研究

为探究不同提取方法对大豆种皮膳食纤维(Dietary fiber, DF)的理化性质的影响,对比分析了发酵法和复合酶法提取的大豆种皮膳食纤维的理化性质及其体外降血脂功能。米曲霉发酵大豆种皮的可溶性膳食纤维的(Soluble dietary fiber, SDF)提取率为9.18%,不溶性膳食纤维(Insoluble dietary fiber, IDF)的提取率为86.31%;复合酶法的SDF的提取率为12.24%, IDF的提取率为72.18%。两种方法制备的SDF的持水性、溶胀性、持油性均高于IDF;当DF膳食纤维的添加量为1 g时,发酵法制备的SDF对胆酸盐的结合率达到最大70.28%;在0～90 min时,各组分的胆固醇吸附量均随吸附时间的延长呈上升趋势,且发酵法SDF的吸附能力最好;DF在pH=7时的胆固醇结合率高于pH=2时的结合率,两种方法制备的DF整体效果均为SDFIDF。     

椪柑皮渣膳食纤维碱法提取工艺优化及其主要功能特性研究

以提取黄酮后的椪柑皮残渣为原料，采用单因素试验探究了可溶性膳食纤维(Soluble dietary fibre, SDF)、不溶性膳食纤维(Insoluble dietary fibre, IDF)和总膳食纤维(Total dietary fibre,TDF)的碱法提取工艺，以及正交试验优化TDF的碱法提取工艺，并分析其成分组成、微观结构和主要功能性质。结果表明：最佳提取工艺条件为pH10.0、提取温度65℃、料液比1:20 g/mL、提取时间70 min，该条件下SDF、IDF和TDF的提取率分别为15.49%、60.35%和75.84%；膳食纤维(Dietary fiber,DF)是椪柑皮渣的主要组成成分，含量达82.10%，具有典型纤维网状结构；其持水力、持油力和膨胀力比椪柑皮渣显著增加。该研究显示碱法提取工艺提取椪柑皮渣SDF、IDF和TDF，具有良好的功能特性，为椪柑皮功能成分的分步提取与开发利用提供技术基础。     

椰蓉膳食纤维的酶法提取与理化性质分析

探讨水解酶(α-淀粉酶、蛋白酶和糖化酶)的添加量和水解时间对椰蓉膳食纤维提取率的影响作用大小的基础上优化酶法提取椰蓉膳食纤维的工艺参数,进一步分类制备可溶性膳食纤维(Soluble Dietary Fiber,SDF)和不溶性膳食纤维(Insoluble Dietary Fiber,IDF),并研究其理化性质。结果表明,椰蓉膳食纤维的最佳酶法提取工艺为A_3B_2C_2D_2E_1F_2,即α-淀粉酶用量0.3%,酶解时间45 min,蛋白酶用量0.2%,酶解时间为45 min,糖化酶用量20μL/g,酶解时间为30 min,该条件下椰蓉膳食纤维的提取率高达为89.68%。制备所得的椰蓉IDF的溶胀性、持油力和持水力最高,分别达15.33 mL/g、6.51 g/g和12.71 g/g,可以作为一种潜在的功能性膳食纤维添加组分应用到食品工业中。     

微波法提取雪莲果中SDF和IDF的工艺和特性研究

试验主要以雪莲果为原料,通过单因素和正交试验对微波法提取雪莲果中SDF和IDF的工艺进行了优化,得出了最佳的提取工艺,并对得到的膳食纤维进行特性研究。试验结果表明,微波法提取雪莲果的SDF的最优条件为:料液比1︰8 g/mL,pH 6.0,微波功率360 W,微波时间20 min,得到SDF的提取率为2.693%。提取IDF的最佳条件为:料液比1︰12 g/mL,碱浓度0.4 mol/L,微波功率460 W,微波时间15 min,得到IDF的提取率为7.788 8%。雪莲果中SDF和IDF具有一定的持水能力,较好地吸附油脂、胆固醇和NO_2~-的能力。研究成果为雪莲果膳食纤维的进一步开发与利用提供新的理论依据。     

超声波辅助酶法提取地瓜渣中不可溶性膳食纤维工艺研究

以地瓜渣为原料,在单因素的基础上,选取超声功率、酶解时间、超声温度、加酶量四个因素,以地瓜渣不溶性膳食纤维提取率为响应值,采用Box-Behnken响应面法优化超声波辅助酶法提取地瓜渣膳食纤维的工艺条件。结果表明:地瓜渣中不可溶性膳食纤维(insoluble dietary fiber,IDF)提取的最佳工艺条件为:超声功率60 W,酶解时间50 min,超声温度50℃,加酶量0.6%,此时IDF提取率为68.98%,与模型的预期值69.05%基本相符,表明实测值与理论值之间拟合度良好。产品为淡黄色,地瓜渣不溶性膳食纤维持水力和持油力为0.897g/g和0.574g/g。     

琯溪蜜柚柚皮膳食纤维提取及其理化特性

以福建省平和县琯溪蜜柚为材料,以NaOH溶液浓度、提取温度和加热时间设计三因素三水平正交实验,以总膳食纤维(TDF)提取率、不溶性膳食纤维(IDF)与水溶性膳食纤维(SDF)的比值接近3∶1为目标,优化柚皮膳食纤维提取工艺。结果表明:柚皮膳食纤维(DF)最佳提取工艺为碱液浓度8%,提取温度75℃,加热时间90 min,其提取率为75.12%,IDF/SDF比值为2.12。柚皮TDF粒径主要分布在<120目的范围,占总比重的30.13%,其次是位于120～140目的DF膳食纤维,占总比重的21.84%;SDF具有良好的膨胀力,达到17.642 0 g/g,IDF持水力较好,为5.711 5 g/g;柚皮DF对亚硝酸盐(NO2-)吸附能力强,且DF对NO2-的吸附量随着时间的延长而增加,至240 min时吸附量最高,达到18.01 g/g(pH 2)和15.92 g/g(pH 7),相同时间内,在pH 2的模拟环境下,DF对NO2-吸附能力优于pH 7的;柚皮DF对脂肪酸的吸附效果良好,且相同时间内DF对不饱和脂肪酸的吸附量(1.026 0 g/g)高于对饱和脂肪酸的(1.124 0 g/g),说明DF吸附动物性油脂效果更好。     

玉木耳根膳食纤维提取工艺优化及理化性质测定

研究玉木耳根中可溶性膳食纤维(soluble dietary fiber,SDF)和不可溶膳食纤维(insoluble dietary fiber,IDF)的最佳碱法提取工艺,并测定其理化性质。通过正交试验设计优化碱法提取玉木耳根膳食纤维的工艺条件并对其理化性质进行了分析。结果表明,料液比1∶200 (g∶m L),Na OH质量浓度1. 5 g/L,浸提时间160 min,浸提温度80℃为玉木耳根SDF的最佳提取工艺,得率为22. 21%;而IDF的最佳提取工艺为浸提温度60℃,其余条件等同SDF,得率为37. 52%。玉木耳根SDF和IDF持水力分别为7. 84 g/g和26. 46 g/g;持油力为3. 2 g/g和4. 86 g/g;膨胀性为9. 1 m L/g和17. 9 m L/g;吸附胆固醇能力酸性环境14. 5 mg/g和10. 71 mg/g、中性环境15. 5mg/kg和11. 49 mg/kg;吸附胆酸钠能力10. 72%和19. 72%;吸附亚硝酸根离子能力酸性环境为23. 41 mg/kg和20. 45 mg/kg、中性环境为21. 73 mg/kg和19. 82 mg/kg。玉木耳根膳食纤维具有良好的膳食纤维特性,适合作为保健食品的添加剂。     

赤豆、刀豆、芸豆淀粉性质的比较

以赤豆、刀豆、芸豆淀粉为对象,研究不同豆类淀粉的糊化性、膨胀度和溶解度、淀粉-碘复合物的可见光谱、淀粉糊的透明度、冻融稳定性、凝沉性以及沉降体积等性质。结果表明:赤豆淀粉的黏度最高,而芸豆淀粉的热糊稳定性和冷糊稳定性最好;3种淀粉的膨胀度和溶解度均随温度的升高而增加;淀粉-碘复合物可见光光谱的最大吸收波长都在620 nm左右;赤豆淀粉糊的透明度和冻融稳定性最好,沉降体积最大;芸豆淀粉的凝沉值最小。     

鲑鳟豆腐、鲑鳟豆腐制品的研制

描述了鲑鳟豆腐、鲑鳟豆腐制品的生产工艺。以优质大豆、鲑鳟鱼及优质矿泉水为原料，经过磨浆、煮浆、点浆等工艺制得。该产品即保留了豆腐及豆制品的营养成分，又赋予了产品淡淡的鱼香味。     

酱醅澥稀为酱的分析

本实验研究了酱醅澥稀为酱的环节中主要成分的变化及其与酱的质量关系。     

Response of intestinal proteinase activities to the feeding of isolated winged bean (Psophocarpus tetragonolobus) and soya bean (Glycine max) trypsin inhibitors in rats

The antinutritional activities of trypsin inhibitors (TIs) were compared between winged beans (Psophocarpus tetragonolobus) and soya beans (Glycine max). The inhibitors of the two beans were isolated by trypsin‐bound Sepharose 4B, and 50 mg of lyophilised powders were intubated intragastrically into 24 h fasted rats. The activities of trypsin and chymotrypsin were compared after 30, 60 and 180 min in the washings of the upper, middle and lower parts of the small intestine. The elution profiles of TI and non‐TI compounds in the affinity chromatography were similar in the two beans, and the antitryptic activities were concentrated 5.5 and 6.2 times (based on specific activity) for winged beans and soya beans respectively. Regardless of the TI fed to rats, trypsin activity in the upper intestine was suppressed to almost undetectable levels at 30 and 60 min after intubation. The activities in the middle and lower intestines were also substantially lowered when rats were fed winged bean TI, and significant differences were detected at 30 and 60 min after intubation when compared with rats fed soya bean TI. However, at 180 min after feeding, no differences were found in the trypsin activity in any gut segments. Similar inhibitory properties of isolated TIs were observed in chymotrypsin activities in the small intestine. The results suggest that winged bean TI may have greater inhibitory activity on the intestinal proteinase compared with soya bean TI. © 2001 Society of Chemical Industry     

蚕豆淀粉湿法分离中浸泡条件的选择

探讨了湿法分离蚕豆淀粉中不同浸泡条件对淀粉得率的影响，并通过正交试验对不同浸泡剂的浸泡温度、时间和浓度进行筛选。结果表明：适合蚕豆淀粉分离的浸泡条件是：25℃下在pH=10的氢氧化钙溶液中浸泡90min，淀粉得率为67．84％。     

蚕豆瓣酱的几种生产方法

为了满足消费者对豆瓣酱的多种需求,分别介绍了用生蚕豆瓣和熟蚕豆瓣生产豆瓣酱的方法,重点阐述了原料选择、配方、工艺流程及操作要点,并介绍了豆瓣酱成品配制的方法。各种豆瓣酱成品的特点是:纯豆瓣酱,色鲜有酱香,瓣子疏松软化;红椒豆瓣酱,色红、有香气,椒酱细腻,麻辣味突出;椒油豆瓣酱,深棕褐色,油润发亮,均匀一致,间见瓣粒,醇香与酱香浑为一体。     

冷榨豆饼制作腐乳试验报告

本文主要介绍了利用40%冷榨痘 饼和60%黄豆制作腐乳的可行性及工艺过程中需要注意的问题,实验结果,腐乳质量理想,并可降低产品成本。     

红小豆沙加工工艺及其营养功能成分流向研究

采用红小豆为原料加工豆沙,以吸水率、出沙率(干基)为指标,对浸泡和蒸煮2个关键工序进行工艺优化,并跟踪其加工过程中主要营养与功能成分的动态变化。结果表明,水温45℃、浸泡12h时,红小豆吸水率最大,为(94.67±1.29)%;料液比1:2(g/mL)、温度110℃、蒸煮40min时,出沙率最高,为(65.69±0.68)%。制沙过程中,红小豆营养、功能成分显著降低(P0.05),黄酮、多酚、单宁等主要功能成分的损失率显著高于蛋白质、脂肪和灰分(P0.05),尤其黄酮在浸泡、蒸煮、制沙洗沙工序的损失率较大(分别为39.62%,48.42%,13.08%)。成品豆沙中蛋白质含量达21.48%(干基),而多酚和单宁则富集于豆渣中,含量(干基)分别为162.30,14.26mg/100g,具有一定增值利用潜力。     

Effect of Several Germination Treatments on Phosphatases Activities and Degradation of Phytate in Faba Bean (Vicia faba L.) and Azuki Bean (Vigna angularis L.)

Abstract: Two assays were conducted to investigate the changes of faba bean (Vicia faba L.) and azuki bean (Vigna angularis L.) phosphatases (phytase [Phy] and acid phosphatase [AcPh]) and the degradation of its substrates (inositol phosphate esters) during seed germination. The 1st assay was to establish the optimal germination conditions of faba bean and azuki bean to improve the endogenous phosphatases and increase the hydrolysis of phytate and, in the second assay, to determine the different lower phosphate esters of myo‐inositol produced during the germination process. In the 1st assay, seeds were soaked for 12 and 24 h and germinated for 3 and 5 d with and without the addition of gibberellic acid (GA₃). In the second assay, seeds were soaked for 12 h and germinated for 1, 3, and 5 d with GA₃. Phy (up to 3625 and 1340 U/kg) and AcPh (up to 9456 and 2740 U/g) activities, and inositol hexaphosphate (IP6) (8.23 and 7.46 mg/g), inositol pentaphosphate (IP5) (0.55 and 0.82 mg/g), and inositol tetraphosphate (IP4) (0.26 and 0.01 mg/g) were detected in ungerminated faba bean and azuki bean, respectively. The germination process caused a significant increase of Phy and AcPh activities in faba bean (up to 147% and 210%) and azuki bean (up to 211% and 596%) and a reduction in the phytate phosphorus content (up to 81% and 63%, respectively). Phytate phosphorus content was affected only by soaking time in the case of faba bean. Finally, during the course of germination, IP6 and IP5 were rapidly degraded in faba bean (88% and 39%) and azuki bean (55% and 56%), and IP4 was only a short‐living intermediate, which was increased during hydrolysis and degraded to inositol triphosphate. In this manner we could obtain a low‐phytate, endogenous phosphatase‐rich ingredient for enhancing human nutrition.