部分白肋烟品种资源鉴定与评价

为筛选优质、适产、抗性好的白肋烟品种,对22份白肋烟品种进行了田闻比较试验,主要研究形态特征、农艺性状、原烟外观品质、田间病虫害调查,并对产量、产值、上等烟率、中等烟率4个主要经济性状进行方差分析(ANOVA).结果表明,各品种在叶面性状上存在差异,在其他形态特征方面差异并不明显;各品种农艺性状方面在株高、茎叶角度、脚叶长、腰叶长、顶叶长、主侧脉夹角等性状有较大差异;经济性状方面,品种建杂80号、日本白肋烟及Ky9的产量、产值相对较高,品种Burley Skroniowski、建杂80号,日本白肋烟及Ky9的上等烟率比较高,中等烟率比较高的品种有Burley、Burley Wloski、Ergo、Ky34、Ky56、S.K.、 Stamn D23-Nikotinam,White Burley 5,White Burley 2、白肋烟-2及选择18号多叶;田间黑胫病自然发病情况显示病情指数范围为7.64～63.19,均值28.09,极差55.55,其中13份抗病品种,3份中抗品种,5份中感品种,1份感病品种.     

晒红烟新品种延晒六号的特征特性

介绍了晒红烟新品种延晒六号的主要农艺性状、经济性状、抗病性、原烟外观质量和内在品质以及栽培与调制技术。该品种的大田生育期83d,属中早熟品种;田间生长势强,烟叶成熟较集中;调制后原烟呈深红色、光泽较强、油分足、结构疏松;抗赤星病、中抗野火病、高抗普通花叶病;香气质较好,香气量有,杂气少,劲头中等;平均产量、产值分别为2674.3kg/hm2和16962.9元/hm2,具有优质丰产、适应性强、耐肥、易调制等特点。     

联合代谢产物和重要农艺性状鉴定不同雪茄烟品系

基于代谢组学技术，筛选与优良感官质量相关代谢物丰富、具有优质高产潜力的雪茄烟品系。以7个不同雪茄烟品系为材料，在湖南桂东调查了其田间农艺性状，分析了其代谢物组成及其积累差异。结果表明，QX104和QX106在农艺性状上优于其他5个品系，叶长、叶宽和可采叶片数优势明显，更符合高产的种植目的，在代谢物积累水平上也与其他品系存在显著差异。在定性检测到的183种代谢物中，与其他品系相比，QX104有36%的代谢物上调，QX106有24%的代谢物上调，上调的代谢物主要包括有机酸、醇类、酮类、糖类等物质，有助于提升烟叶感官质量。研究表明QX104和QX106农艺性状优良，与优良感官质量相关的代谢物质丰富，为湖南烟区具有高产优质生产前景的雪茄烟品系。     

新引国外烤烟品种的综合性状

为了解决品种匮乏问题 ,1999～ 2 0 0 1年对引自美国的 6个烤烟品种进行了比较试验。结果表明 ,各参试品种主要农艺性状遗传稳定 ,抗病性、适应性均较强 ,其中RG 13与新引NC 89品种的产值、均价、上等烟比例及抗病性均超过对照NC 89;ZT 99的产量和钾含量较高 ,是一个高产优质型品种 ;其它 3个品种的性状表现均未超过对照。经方差分析各参试品种间经济性状的差异有些已达到显著水平 ,原烟品质均较好 ,化学成分较协调     

几个烤烟种质的抗病性比较鉴定

对9个抗花叶病烤烟品种进行综合农艺性状比较与抗病性鉴定.结果表明,9个品种对烟草普通花叶病表现出较强的抗性,其中Coker176、NC567、CV85、CV87为高抗(发病率与病情指数均为0).农艺性状与原烟外观质量以HT-5最为理想,可在生产上示范种植.     

白肋烟新品种川白1号的选育及其特征特性

川白1号是以MSB21为母本、达所26为父本杂交选育的白肋烟新品种,2012年12月通过全国烟草品种审定委员会审定。该品种田间生长势强,群体整齐一致,有效叶数较多;抗TMV,中抗至中感黑胫病;主要经济性状优于对照品种鄂烟1号,原烟外观质量、物理特性较好,内在化学成分含量适宜协调,感官质量较好,是一个产量、品质、抗性兼顾,综合性状优良的新品种。     

雄性不育烤烟杂交种中烟201的选育及其特征特性

中烟201（CF964）是采用烤烟品种MS K326为母本、中烟98为父本组配而成的雄性不育F₁杂交种。通过育种程序对其植物学性状、抗病性能、原烟外观质量、内在品质及其农艺适应性进行了鉴定和生产试验。结果表明,该品种聚合了双亲的优良特点,生长势和抗逆性具有杂种优势,烟叶产量、品质、抗性等目标性状兼顾协调,经济效能与目前主栽对照品种K326相当,适宜我国主要烟区推广种植。     

烤烟新品种云烟99的选育及其特征特性

云烟99是以云烟85为母本、9147为父本选育而成的烤烟新品种。该品种遗传性状稳定,田间生长整齐一致,株式塔形,叶片长椭圆形,主脉稍粗,平均打顶株高110cm左右,有效叶数18片左右,大田生育期120d左右。综合经济性状表现好于K326。中抗黑胫病和赤星病,对主要病害的综合抗性与K326相当。易烘烤,烤后原烟外观质量和感官质量较好,主要化学成分比例协调,适宜我国南方烟区种植。2011年通过全国烟草品种审定委员会审定。     

马里兰烟品种比较试验

为筛选出优质的马里兰烟品种在生产上推广应用,解决品种单一的问题,对6个引进品种和5个新选育的F1品种进行了田间比较试验。结果表明:新选育的F1品种MH5,田间长势好,黑胫病和叶部病害发病轻,产量较高,产值最高,原烟外观质量和评吸质量好,化学成分协调。引进品种Md872,田间长势好,抗病性强,产量最高,产值较高,原烟外观质量和化验、评吸结果较好。以上2个品种均优于对照品种Md609。引进品种Md10的产量、产值较高,抗叶部病害,成熟早,原烟外观质量和化验、评吸结果也较好,与对照品种M609相当。     

烤烟新品种辽烟20号选育及其性状鉴定

烤烟新品种辽烟20号是以MSK326为母本,Speight G-70为父本杂交选育而成的雄性不育一代杂交种。经多年植物学性状、农艺性状、经济性状和抗性鉴定,结果表明,该品种田间生长势强,群体整齐一致,中抗黑胫病、根结线虫病,对CMV和TMV的抗性好于对照品种NC89,主要经济性状极显著优于对照。工业评价结果表明,该品种原烟化学成分协调性和物理特性略优于对照,感官质量优于对照,工业企业建议推广度明显优于对照。辽烟20号烟叶品质、抗性和经济效能等主要性状协调兼顾,感官质量优于NC89,适宜在我国北方烟区推广种植。     

大豆对胞囊线虫抗性与主要农艺性状的相关性分析

以Peking×7605组合分别在南京和济南衍生的重组自交系群体为材料,在抗病性鉴定和考察主要农艺性状的基础上,对抗病性和主要农艺性状进行了相关性分析。结果表明：NJ（RN）P7群体家系抗病性与除粒色外其余质量性状无明显相关关系;与主茎节数和百粒重等数量性状有极显著的正向相关关系,而与不育荚数和生育期则有显著的负向相关关系。JN（RN）P7群体家系的抗病性与4个质量性状均存在显著的相关关系;而与所有考察的数量性状都不存在显著的相关性。由此可见,自然选择效应使得群体遗传结构产生差异,进而导致不同地点衍生的群体其抗病性与农艺性状之间相关性有明显的差异。     

自然发酵酸菜汁中乳杆菌的分离鉴定

通过选择性培养和形态学观察,从分别采自辽宁省阜新、葫芦岛、兴城、营口、锦州的5份传统发酵酸菜汁中,分离纯化和筛选出4株具有耐酸特性的乳杆菌疑似菌株(HLD1-3、YK1-2、JZ6-3、XC4-4),并对其进行运动性、过氧化氢酶、石蕊牛乳、明胶液化、不同温度生长、不同NaCl质量浓度生长、糖发酵实验等传统生理生化鉴定和16S rDNA序列分析,进一步鉴定其属种。二者结果均表明：4株耐酸乳酸菌均属于乳杆菌属,其中,HLD1-3和YK1-2属于乳杆菌属的清酒乳杆菌种,而JZ6-3和XC4-4属于乳杆菌属的植物乳杆菌种。由此可以推断,东北自然发酵酸菜可作为潜在益生乳酸菌分离筛选的资源库。     

全国甘蔗新品种第四轮区域试验湛江区试点结果分析

2003-20042年新植和1年宿根的结果表明，12个参试品种中，粤糖91-1102和桂糖94119增产增糖幅度大，农艺性状及宿根性能良好，分别居第1和第2位；粤农91-600和云蔗94-375增产幅度大，但增糖幅度不明显，农艺性状良好，宿根性前者较好，后者中等；粤糖96-244和福农96-0616新植蔗增产、增糖明显，但宿根性相对较差；其余品种比对照种R0C10均有不同程度的减产减糖，表现较差。     

Phenolics composition and antioxidant activity of wine produced from spine grape (Vitis davidii Foex) and Cherokee rose (Rosa laevigata Michx.) fruits from South China

Wines made from 3 spine grape (Vitis davidii Foex) genotypes-Junzi 1# (JZ 1#), Junzi 2# (JZ 2#), and Liantang (LT)-and Cherokee rose (Rosa laevigata Michx., CR) were evaluated for their phenolics composition and antioxidant activities by several assays, including 2,2'-azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS scavenging capacity, cupric ion reducing antioxidant capacity, and metal-chelating capacity). The results showed that CR wine had higher contents of total phenolics, total flavonoids, and oligomeric proanthocyanidins than the 3 spine grape genotype wines and Cabernet Sauvignon (CS) wine. Among the 3 varieties of spine grape wines, JZ 1# had higher contents than the 2 other genotypes. Moreover, the total monomeric anthocyanins in JZ 1# was about 4.5-fold higher than those in CS wine and CR wine. A significance analysis demonstrated that the antioxidant capacity (as measured by the ABTS scavenging capacity and cupric ion reducing antioxidant capacity) of CR wine was significantly higher than that of the control and spine grape wines. With respect to metal-chelating capacity, the CR wine was the strongest amongst all the wine samples tested, followed by JZ 1#. This indicates that CR and JZ 1# wines can potentially be considered as wild fruit wines with abundant phenolic compounds and antioxidant activities. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: Spine grape (Vitis davidii Foex) and Cherokee rose (Rosa laevigata Michx.) are 2 species of important wild plants in South China. However, they have not yet been effectively developed and utilized. Recently, some researchers attempted to convert their juice to wine. We anticipate that this research will provide sufficient experimental evidence for their good antioxidant activity and potential for further development and utilization.     

北京市郊玉米质量安全风险因子及影响因素分析

以北京郊区10个农户的玉米种植地为研究对象,扦取种植期土壤样品、扬花期花穗样品、收获期及不同储藏时期的玉米样品,检测菌相、带菌量和真菌毒素等。结果表明,玉米产后整个自然晾晒储藏期间,储藏前期(产后一个月内)的发霉风险最高,其中镰刀菌属一直是优势菌群,其产生的毒素主要包括脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇(DON)、玉米赤霉烯酮(ZEN)和伏马菌素(FB1、FB2),检出率分别为100%、95%和93%,且DON和ZEN在储藏期的超标率均大于40%,而其他毒素,如AFBs、OTA、ST、T-2、HT-2等均未检出。另外,采用高通量测序技术分析了土壤和花穗样品中真菌多样性与农艺因素的关系,发现,种植方式(清种/兼做)、灌溉情况、上季秸秆处理方式等因素会影响玉米植株污染真菌的种类和数量,进而导致玉米籽粒真菌毒素的污染水平出现差异。     

烤烟主要农艺性状变异特征以及与烟碱含量的相关分析

为加快高烟碱烤烟品种的田间选育,以116份烤烟种质资源为供试材料,连续种植4年,于烟叶成熟期测定其13个农艺性状,采用因子分析、逐步回归分析、二次响应面分析等方法探讨了烤烟烟碱含量与农艺性状之间的相关性。结果表明,烤烟主要农艺性状变异丰富,变异系数达5.64%~16.96%。烟碱含量变异系数达到24.3%。简单相关分析表明,烟碱含量与节距呈极显著正相关,与茎围、叶数呈显著负相关。通过因子分析,明确了与烟碱含量相关的主要农艺性状包括烟叶长宽比因子、叶数因子、叶长因子、株高因子。采用逐步回归分析法,建立了烤烟主要农艺性状与烟碱含量之间的回归模型,经统计学检验,达到极显著水平。通过二次响应面分析,展现了腰叶长、下二棚叶长与烟碱含量之间的动态变化关系,当下二棚叶长63.7 cm,腰叶长58.7 cm,烟株的烟碱含量稳定且有极小值。烟叶长宽比较小、节距较大、叶数较少和株高较高的烤烟,烟碱含量较高,因此,在选育不同烟碱含量的烤烟品种时,应综合考虑。     

烟草温光特性研究与利用：Ⅱ.气象因素对山东主栽烤烟品种生长发育及产质量的影响

为明确山东烟叶生产限制气象因子,优化气候资源配置,以主栽品种NC55、NC102和ZY100为材料,连续多年设置不同移栽期试验,研究气象因素与烟草生长发育和产量品质的关系。结果表明,移栽期对山东烟草农艺、经济性状有一定影响,对烟叶质量有显著影响;随移栽期推迟,部分试验叶宽增大,产量和产值表现先增后减趋势,大部分试验总植物碱含量显著下降,还原糖、总糖含量和糖碱比呈上升趋势,感官评吸质量呈现先升后降趋势。各气象因素与烟叶质量关联度顺序依次为日平均气温、日照时数、降水量。构建的基于温度的山东烟叶质量评价回归方程表明,NC55、NC102和ZY100在伸根期适宜平均气温分别为21.25~22.86 ℃、21.53~22.68 ℃、20.81~23.22 ℃,成熟后期适宜平均气温为23.67~24.54 ℃、24.32~24.83 ℃、22.03~24.42 ℃,结合山东省气温实际情况,NC55、NC102和ZY100适宜移栽期分别为5月5—19日、5月7—16日、5月1—25日。     

Anti-listerial inhibitory lactic acid bacteria isolated from commercial cold smoked salmon

The natural microflora of cold-smoked fish at the end of shelf-life are lactic acid bacteria (LAB). Some of these display a capacity to inhibit spoilage as well as several strains of pathogenic micro-organisms, e.g. Listeria monocytogenes which is isolated frequently from cold-smoked salmon (CSS). Eight batches of sliced vacuum-packed CSS from Norway, Scotland and Spain were collected at retail. Packs were stored at 5 degrees C and examined for chemical and microbiological characteristics, at purchase date and at expiration date. pH, water activity and salt content were similar to available data on lightly preserved fish products. There was a consistent pattern in the development of the microflora on CSS; the initial level of LAB was low on freshly produced CSS (10(2) cfu g(-1)); however, storage in vacuum packaging at refrigeration temperature was elective for LAB. At the end of the stated shelf-life these micro-organisms, represented mainly by Lactobacillus spp., attained ca.10(7) cfu g(-1) while Enterobacteriaceae counts were consistently lower (10(5) cfu g(-1)), which indicates the ability of LAB to grow and compete with few carbohydrates available and in the presence of moderate salt concentrations. L. monocytogenes was not found in any sample. Forty-one percent of LAB strains isolated exhibited inhibitory capacity against Listeria innocua, in a plate assay. A majority of the inhibitory effects were non-bacteriocinogenic, but nevertheless were very competitive cultures which may provide an additional hurdle for improved preservation by natural means.     

复合诱变选育耐高温产乙醇酵母菌的研究

为获得耐高温产乙醇菌株,对实验室保藏的菌株JZ进行分子生物学鉴定和紫外（UV）-硫酸二乙酯（DES）复合诱变,并通过单因素试验及响应面试验对筛选得到的诱变菌株进行发酵条件优化。结果表明,菌株JZ被鉴定为库德里阿兹威毕赤酵母（Pichia kudriavzevii）。经紫外（UV）-硫酸二乙酯（DES）复合诱变,得到诱变菌株JZ-2,且当紫外照射时间为80 s,硫酸二乙酯含量为5%时,在40 ℃条件下发酵6 d,乙醇产量可达4.8%vol。通过单因素试验及响应面试验确定最佳发酵条件为发酵温度40 ℃、初始pH值为4、初始糖度16 °Bx、接种量12%,静置发酵时间6 d。在此优化条件下,乙醇产量达5.6%vol,比优化前相比提高了17%。     

Isolation of bacterial strains colonizable in mosquito larval guts as novel host cells for mosquito control

We screened for microorganisms that can be utilized as new host cells for mosquito larvicides. As long persistence in the environment is required of host cells, we examined the bacterial populations in the guts of mosquito larvae collected from natural breeding habitats. Larvae of Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciatus were examined, and Bacillus species, particularly Bacillus cereus, were found to be the dominant bacterial species in their guts. To investigate the relationship between these Bacillus strains and the mosquito larvae, we re-introduced the bacteria into larvae of Aedes aegypti, C. quinquefasciatus and another common mosquito strain, Anopheles dirus. The cell numbers of Bacillus cereus strains Ae10 and Cx5 in the guts were consistent throughout a 7-d period without food supplementation, suggesting that these strains were able to colonize in the guts of the larvae. To confirm this, we introduced a plasmid containing a kanamycin resistance marker into Ae10 and Cx5 and fed these recombinant strains to C. quinquefasciatus larvae. Even when food was supplemented for 7 d, the recombinant strains, particularly Ae10, were still found in the guts. Under similar conditions, B. thuringiensis serovar israelensis c4Q2-72 was hardly detectable after 2 d, while Escherichia coli could not be detected at all. Their stable retention in mosquito larvae guts and the feasibility of genetic manipulation indicates these strains possess high potential as novel host cells for application in mosquito control.