代用碱在亚麻织物活性染料冷轧堆染色中的应用

对代用碱在亚麻织物活性染料冷轧堆染色工艺中的应用进行了试验,探讨了堆置时间、轧余率、代用碱用量、NaCl用量等因素对亚麻织物活性染料冷轧堆染色效果的影响,确定了亚麻织物活性染料冷轧堆染色的优化工艺:代碱剂0.9 g/L,轧余率80%,NaCl 20 g/L,堆置时间10 h.     

深色平绒织物活性冷轧堆染色

采用Remazol RGB系列活性染料对平绒织物进行冷轧堆深色染色.探讨了碱剂用量、堆置温度、堆置时间和轧余率对染色牢度、K/S值和匀染性的影响.结果表明,平绒织物冷轧堆深色染色的优化工艺为:烧碱与硅酸钠的混合碱剂(烧碱15 g/L、硅酸钠70g/L),堆置时间12 h,堆置温度20℃,轧余率80％.采用该工艺染色的织物固色率高,匀染性好,各项色牢度优良.     

纯棉针织物双活性基活性染料冷轧堆染色工艺

介绍了双官能团活性染料冷轧堆染色的工艺流程和工艺配方,测试了所选活性染料的染色性能。分析阐述了染料用量、碱剂用量、堆置温度和时间对织物K/S值的影响,并测试了处理后织物的色牢度。结果表明,最佳工艺条件为活性黑5,20 g/L色丽牢,轧余率100%左右,30℃堆置12 h;活性红198和活性黄176,25 g/L色丽牢,轧余率100%左右,35℃堆置16 h。染色后,织物的耐干摩擦色牢度达到4~5级,耐湿摩擦色牢度4级,耐皂洗色牢度4~5级。     

棉织物冷轧堆染色工艺条件分析及其实践

对棉织物冷轧堆染色时染料用染、碱剂用量、被染半成品的温度、导布张力、浸轧染液用水、堆置时间等工艺条件进行了分析,并对M型活性染料冷轧堆染色工艺进行了实验,分析了M型活性染料冷轧堆染色碱剂浓度、食盐浓度、堆置时间、堆置温度等工艺条件对织物固色率的影响。控制好冷轧堆染色的工艺,对于纯棉织物,固色率可达90%左右。     

纯棉针织物的活性冷轧堆染色

采用活性染料雅格素CBM对纯棉针织物进行冷轧堆染色,分析了碱剂、尿素、元明粉、堆置温度和时间对棉针织物染色深度的影响,测试了染色织物的色牢度.活性染料雅格素CBM三原色冷堆法染色棉针织物的优化工艺条件为:50 g/L纯碱与6 g/L烧碱组成混合碱剂,尿素20 g/L,元明粉40 g/L,轧余率80％左右,35℃堆置20h;染色后,织物的干摩擦牢度达到4～5级,湿摩擦牢度4级,皂洗牢度4～5级.     

双氧水预处理羊毛活性染料冷轧堆染色

采用双氧水预处理,兰纳素活性染料对羊毛织物进行冷轧堆染色,并对染色工艺进行探讨.在对织物表观得色量KIS值的影响因素(尿素用量、亚硫酸氢钠用量、pH值、堆置时间、轧余率)进行分析的基础上确定了羊毛染色的优化工艺,即尿素100 g/L,亚硫酸氢钠20 g/L,pH值4.5～5.5,堆置时间24 h,轧余率100%.同时还对未经双氧水顶处理和经双氧水预处理羊毛织物染色结果进行了对比,结果表明:未经双氧水预处理和经双氧水预处理羊毛织物均具有较高的固着率和匀染性,染色牢度都可以达到4级以上,断裂强力损失可保留在15%以内.     

纯棉针织物冷轧堆染色工艺研究

介绍了冷轧堆染色的工艺流程和工艺处方,测试了所选德凯素活性染料三原色的性能,分析并阐述了碱剂种类及用量、尿素用量、盐用量、堆置温度和时间对织物K/S值的影响,并测试了处理后织物的色牢度及匀染性。结果表明,徳凯素活性染料三原色基本符合冷轧堆染色要求,其冷轧堆染针织罗纹布的最佳工艺条件为:采用纯碱与烧碱的混合碱剂(纯碱30g/L、烧碱6g/L),尿素20g/L,堆置时间16h,堆置温度为30℃,氯化钠用量为30g/L左右,轧余率控制在80%。     

大麻织物冷轧堆染色工艺及烘箱法快速仿样

探讨大麻冷轧堆染色工艺中Remazol系列染料的提升性能，以及碱剂、堆置时间和堆置温度等工艺条件对大麻织物得色深度的影响；试验了烘箱法快速仿样工艺。结果表明，大麻织物较适宜的Remazol系列染料冷轧堆染色工艺为：堆置时间16h；堆置温度20—30℃；碱剂纯碱45—60g／L＋烧碱3g／L（或硅酸钠60-80mL／L＋烧碱3—6g／L）。     

羊毛活性染料冷轧堆染色

采用活性染料对羊毛织物进行冷轧堆染色,以K/S值为评价依据,以确定羊毛活性染料冷轧堆染色的优化工艺,即尿素100 g/L,亚硫酸氢钠20g/L,pH值4.5～6.5,堆置时间24 h,轧余率110%.染色后的羊毛织物具有较高的固着率、匀染性和透染性,染色牢度达4～5级以上,断裂强力和断裂伸长损失控制在15%以内,撕破强力损失控制在20%以内.     

B-CPB型活性染料的深色冷堆染色

采用B-CPB型活性染料进行深色棉织物的冷轧堆染色。通过测试B-CPB型活性染料的扩散性能,探讨烧碱和硅酸钠用量及堆置时间等对染色效果的影响。结果表明,B-CPB型活性染料的扩散性较好,在染料质量浓度为30g/L时,优化的冷轧堆染色工艺为:NaOH 8g/L,Na2SiO350g/L,室温堆置时间8h;染色织物染色重现性、皂洗牢度及摩擦牢度良好。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Textural Properties of Cold-set Gels Induced from Heat-denatured Whey Protein Isolates

A 9% whey protein (WP) isolate solution at pH 7.0 was heat-denatured at 80°C for 30 min. Size-exclusion HPLC showed that native WP formed soluble aggregates after heat-treatment. Additions of CaCl2 (10–40 mM), NaCl (50–400 mM) or glucono-delta-lactone (GDL, 0.4–2.0%, w/v) or hydrolysis by a protease from Bacillus licheniformis caused gelation of the denatured solution at 45°C. Textural parameters, hardness, adhesiveness, and cohesiveness of the gels so formed changed markedly with concentration of added salts or pH by added GDL. Maximum gel hardness occurred at 200 mM NaCl or pH 4.7. Increasing CaCl2 concentration continuously increased gel hardness. Generally, GDL-induced gels were harder than salt-induced gels, and much harder than the protease-induced gel.     

Influence des ions sur le pouvoir hydratant de l'ure e: e tude sur peau de porc ex vivo

This study deals with the influence of ions (NaCl and MgSO4) in a W/O emulsion containing 10% urea. Moisturization kinetics are assessed by corneometry on pig skin ex vivo. The formula's influence on urea penetration is measured by infrared spectrometry with an ATR device and the stripping method. Corneometry and spectroscopy were chosen to record simultaneously the hydratation levels and urea localization into superficial cell layers. Urea crystallization after evaporation of emulsions and aqueous solutions is described. Results show that urea does not hydrate nor penetrate when applied to the skin through an aqueous gel. In a W/O emulsion, sodium chloride increases the ability of urea to moisturize without improving penetration. In vitro urea crystallization is disturbed by sodium chloride or magnesium sulphate for solutions and emulsions. This stabilization by ions is correlated with good moisturization values. The stabilization of urea in the solute state provided by ions increases its water epidermal binding capacity without enhancing penetration.     

Occurrence of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in fish canned in oil

The levels of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) were quantified as part of a European survey on the migration of residues of epoxy resins into oil from canned fish. The contents of BFDGE in cans, lids and fish collected from all 15 Member States of the European Union and Switzerland were analysed in 382 samples. Cans and lids were separately extracted with acetonitrile. The extraction from fish was carried out with hexane followed by re-extraction with acetonitrile. The analysis was performed by reverse phase HPL C with fluorescence detection. BFDGE could be detected in 12% of the fish, 24% of the cans and 18% of the lids. Only 3% of the fish contained BFDGE in concentrations considerably above 1mg/kg. In addition to the presented data, a comparison was made with the levels of BADGE (bisphenol-A-diglycidyl ether)analysed in the same products in the context of a previous study.     

Analysis on Economic Indicators from 62 Enterprises in Printing Machinery Industry in Q1 2014

Operation of printing machine industry was still unsatisfactory in the first quarter of 2014.Analysis on operation of printing machine industry.a.Market demand was not strong;sales of product undulated and declined.According to the statistics,the total industrial output value fell by 19.28% in the first quarter of 2014 than the average quarter value in 2013; industrial added value decreased by 4.16%; sales revenue dropped by 22.83%. h. Business operation of enterprises was in poor condition. c. R＆D of new products is an important transformation guarantee for enterprises. d. To take self explore new ways upgrading advantages,and explore new ways.