回收丝胶后丝绸精练废水的生物法处理

丝绸厂精练废水在经过回收丝胶以后，虽然其污染程度已大大降低，但还远未达到国家排放标准。本文根据回收丝胶后废水的特点，借鉴食品工业处理废水的方法设计了适合处理回收丝胶后精练废水的过程和工艺，经过试验运行效果可靠，经处理后出水达到了国家二级排放标准。生物法对于回收丝胶后精练废水的处理不但可行，而且处理效果良好。     

丝绸工业废水中丝胶蛋白质的回收技术

从丝绸工业废水的特点和丝胶结构与性质出发，论述了从废水中提取丝胶蛋白质的方法，提出膜分离技术回收丝胶蛋白质的工艺流程与技术关键，以主丝胶粉的制备方法与性能。     

蚕丝脱胶废水的丝胶回收技术

丝胶位于蚕丝外层,是一种水溶性球状蛋白,具有丝胶Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ层状分布的特点;其二级构象以无规卷曲和β-折叠结构为主,几乎不含α-螺旋结构,其分子质量主要分布在10～100 kDa,且随脱胶方法的不同而异。丝胶具有胶体的性质,等电点为3.8～4.5,在一定湿热条件下会发生变性或变质。丝胶在化妆品、功能材料、食品添加剂等领域均具有良好应用前景,文中介绍了目前制丝废水中丝胶主要的化学和物理回收方法。化学法包括酸析法、有机溶剂法、化学混凝法、离子交换回收法;物理法包括离心法、冰冻法和超滤法,通过综合比较,提出一种新的丝胶回收方法。     

丝胶蛋白的护肤、美容、营养与保健功能

在蚕、丝生产与加工过程中回收的丝胶经降解或水解后获得的水溶性丝胶及其水解物，具有护肤，护发，美容，营养与保健等多种功能，在化妆品，营养食品，保健食品与饮料等方面有广阔的应用价值。     

丝绸废水的膜法处理与丝胶蛋白质回收技术

为了减少丝绸生产废水中的溶解性丝胶蛋白质造成的有机物污染 ,采用中空纤维膜分离技术和离心喷雾干燥技术 ,对酸析后的煮茧制丝废水进行超滤浓缩 ,再对所回收的丝胶蛋白质浓缩液进行离心干燥制成丝胶粉 ,从而得到了纯净的丝胶蛋白质。经酸析和中空纤维膜分离技术超滤等实验处理后 ,其化学需氧量值可降至 80mg L左右 ,达到排放标准要求或制丝生产用水标准循环使用 ,并可有效回收废水中的丝胶蛋白质 ,开发出新的丝胶蛋白质副产品。     

鑫缘集团获国家科技进步二等奖

<正>在1月10日举行的"2013年度国家科学技术奖励大会"上,江苏鑫缘茧丝绸集团股份有限公司主持并与苏州大学等联合完成的"丝胶回收与综合利用关键技术及产业化"项目获得国家科技进步奖二等奖。该项目成功解决了工业化回收丝胶及其应用的难题,有效防止了脱胶废水对环境的污染,实现了对丝胶的充分利用,对茧丝绸行业节能减排和可持续发展具有重要意义。     

缫丝厂废水提取丝胶蛋白质的探讨

对各种丝胶蛋白质提取方法分析比较,探讨与缫丝厂废水处理相结合,规模化地从缫丝废水中提取丝胶蛋白质的方法,以回收资源、保护环境。     

丝胶研究的一些进展

本文从丝胶肽链组分和分子量，丝胶在茧丝径向的分布状态、丝胶溶解特性、丝胶湿热变性变质四个方面综述了我们的研究结果。     

桑蚕丝胶变性条件探索研究

采用红外光谱法研究丝胶在不同温湿度下放置不同时间后的变性情况，提出了丝胶变性程度的红外光谱分级法。在此研究的温度范围内，丝胶变性速度主要取决于环境的相对湿度。湿度越高，变性越快，变性的程度越大。提出丝胶变性存在着一个极限程度。     

纤维用丝胶改性加工技术的进展

论述了丝胶的特点及其在纤维改性中的作用，概述了丝胶高效率萃取的方法，着重介绍纤维用丝胶改性的方法，如戊二醛溶液处理法和树脂处理法等。     

煮绵废水中丝胶粉末的提取及其水溶性研究

利用盐酸酸析法探讨了煮绵废水中丝胶粉末的提取,并研究了其水溶性。对丝胶原液、酸析沉淀后的上清液及丝胶粉末的微观结构扫描电镜,观察表明:丝胶颗粒并非球形,存在各种形态;干燥后的丝胶粉末由许多微小颗粒聚集而成,且不同的干燥方法对丝胶粉末的水溶性有影响。     

丝绸工业废水中丝胶蛋白的回收利用

丝绸工业废水中含有大量溶解性丝胶蛋白,直接排放会造成严重的环境污染和资源的极大浪费.为此,根据丝绸废水的处理现状,对传统丝胶蛋白回收方法进行了分析,综述了几种新的回收丝胶蛋白的方法及丝胶蛋白的利用现状.     

议煮茧茧层丝胶溶失率的测定方法

由于煮茧茧层丝胶溶失率的测定方法不同或不正确,引起煮茧茧层丝胶溶失率的差异和误差。文中对比分析了不同测定方法的溶失率差异,从而提出统一的测定方法。     

丝胶蛋白质浓缩液的离心喷雾干燥技术研究

通过除湿方法与干燥原理分析、离心喷雾干燥实验，探讨了丝胶蛋白质浓缩液干燥方法与工艺技术参数，分析了干燥过程中丝胶蛋白质在干燥塔内发生粘肇现象的原因与克服措施，提出丝胶蛋白质浓缩液的离心喷雾干燥方法和技术要点。     

Preparation and characterization of sericin powder extracted from silk industry wastewater

In this study, we developed a new effective technology for the extraction of sericin from silk wastewater. Sericin was extracted with 75% (v/v) ethanol to obtain crude powder. The chemical composition of sericin powder, including protein, sugar, ash, and amino acid, was assayed in detail. The molecular weight distribution of sericin was also investigated by gel filtration chromatography, sodium dodecyl sulfate–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS–PAGE), and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analytical methods. The results suggested that sericin represented a family of proteins with wide-ranging molecular weight distribution. The conformation changed in the course of ethanol precipitation was studied by circular dichroism (CD) analysis. Data implied that the major conformation of sericin protein was random coil, which decreased slightly after being treated with ethanol, and the appearance of β-Turn conformation maybe associated with the packing of molecular chains induced by ethanol. Furthermore, sericin was found to inhibit tyrosinase activity when chlorogenic acid was used as a substrate, and had obvious radical scavenging effects with the 2.2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazil (DPPH) assay. Result suggested that sericin might be a valuable ingredient for food.     

丝胶蛋白质离子交换回收方法的研究

介绍了一种用阴离子交换纤维来回收丝胶蛋白质的方法.蚕丝精练一般是在碱性条件下进行,精练处理后丝胶蛋白带有负电荷,与阴离子交换纤维上的正电荷之间有静电吸引力作用,被吸附到阴离子交换纤维上;当用酸浸泡时,丝胶蛋白上的负电荷被中和或转变成正电荷,与阴离子交换纤维之间的静电引力作用消失或产生静电斥力,而从阴离子交换纤维上解析.研究了丝胶蛋白质对阴离子交换纤维的吸附性能以及从阴离子交换纤维上解析丝胶蛋白质的最佳条件.     

Inhibitory effect of sericin on polyphenol oxidase and its application as edible coating

Sericin, a water‐soluble globular protein derived from silk industry wastewater, was investigated for food industrial applications. The results proved that sericin retarded polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activity. However, the degree of inhibition varied depending on the enzyme origins, the types of substrate, sericin content and sericin molecular size. Using catechol as a substrate, under the conditions studied, sericin lowered purified mushroom PPO and apple extract PPO activity by 40% and mango extract PPO by 75%. Kinetic studies on purified mushroom PPO indicated that the type of inhibition of sericin was dependent on the substrates used. Inhibitory effects of sericin increased as the sericin content increased. The reduction in sericin molecular size by enzymatic hydrolysis produced sericin hydrolysate with ability to decrease PPO activity approximately three times greater than that of sericin. Fresh‐cut Red Delicious apples coated with sericin showed significant reduction in weight loss and improvement in the colour and texture.     

有色茧丝胶含量和溶解特性研究

测定了3种有色茧的丝胶含量,探讨了2种有色茧的丝胶溶解特性。结果表明,3种有色茧的丝胶含量均高于生产用白种茧,外层丝胶含量最高。丝胶的溶解特性如同白茧,最先溶解的是易溶性丝胶,依次是较难溶性丝胶和难溶性丝胶。可用3区描述丝胶溶解特性曲线:线形区、混合区、零区。丝胶相对溶解量能较好地反应脱胶和精练中丝胶溶解的实际情况,建议在描述丝胶溶解特性等方面采用。     

HRP酶促丝胶自交联及其膜材料的制备

丝胶(SS)具有良好的生物相容性,但水溶性较高,材料成型性差,限制了其在生物材料领域的应用。文章通过辣根过氧化物酶(HRP)和过氧化氢(H 2O 2)协同催化丝胶蛋白分子间交联,并在此基础上制备丝胶蛋白膜材料。测定反应前后丝胶蛋白相对分子质量与二级结构变化,考察丝胶蛋白膜的水溶性、热性能及机械性能。结果表明:丝胶中酪氨酸残基能被HRP-H 2O 2体系催化氧化,引发丝胶蛋白分子间交联和相对分子质量增加,丝胶蛋白的二级结构由无定形结构向β构象转变。与未处理的丝胶膜相比,经酶促交联改性的丝胶膜水溶性下降,热性能和机械性能有所改善。     

ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITIES OF SILK SERICIN FROM SILKWORM BOMBYX MORI

This study was conducted to investigate the free-radical-scavenging activity and antioxidant activity of silk sericin. Silk sericin was prepared from silkworm Bombyx mori and its ability to scavenge hydroxyl, superoxide and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radicals was determined by Electron Spin Resonance (ESR) and ultraviolet spectrophotometry, respectively. The antioxidant activities of the silk sericin, including lipid peroxidation in the linoleic acid system, reducing power and ferrous-ion-chelating ability, were evaluated. The results showed that silk sericin had a strong scavenging capacity for hydroxyl, superoxide and DPPH radicals. The results also showed that silk sericin had potent antioxidative activity on the peroxidation of linoleic acid. The reducing power and ferrous-ion-chelating ability of silk sericin were significant. These results indicated that silk sericin from silkworm B. mori was a natural antioxidant with potent antioxidative activity.

PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS

Most of silk sericin must be removed during raw silk production at the reeling mill and other stages of silk processing. At present, silk sericin is mostly discarded in silk processing waste water. If silk sericin is recovered and recycled, it can represent a significant economic and social benefit. Silk sericin is a natural macromolecular protein derived from the silkworm Bombyx mori . Silk sericin is useful because of its antioxidant activity. Silk sericin can be cross linked, copolymerized and blended with other macromolecular materials, especially artificial polymers, to produce materials with improved properties. The protein is also used as an improving reagent or a coating material for natural and artificial fibers, fabrics and articles. The materials modified with silk sericin and sericin composites are useful as degradable biomaterials, biomedical materials and functional membranes.