In vitro antioxidative and antimutagenic activities of oak mushroom (Lentinus edodes) and king oyster mushroom (Pleurotus eryngii) byproducts

The in vitro antioxidative and antimutagenic activities of ethanolic extracts from oak mushroom (Lentinus edodes) and king oyster mushroom (Pleurotus eryngii) byproducts were investigated. The antioxidant capacity of the extracts was assessed by determining the ferricyanide reducing power, scavenging activity on nitrite, DPPH radical, superoxide anions and hydroxyl radicals, ferrous ion chelating ability, and inhibitory effect on linoleic acid peroxidation and xanthine oxidase. The antimutagenic activity, on the other hand, was based on the suppression of mitomycin C-induced mutagenesis in Escherichia coli cells. Both the mushroom extracts showed strong antioxidative and antimutagenic effects at higher concentrations. In general, extracts from the oak mushroom byproduct had greater antioxidative and antimutagenic abilities than that of the king oyster extract. Results of this study demonstrate that the mushroom byproducts possess strong antioxidant capacity in vitro and may be useful as a functional biomaterial in the preparation of health-promoting food products and animal feeds.     

黑花生衣色素抗氧化作用的研究

为研究黑花生衣色素的抗氧化能力,对黑花生衣色素溶液进行紫外-可见光谱扫描,并分别测定黑花生衣色素的还原能力,清除羟自由基、超氧阴离子自由基、DPPH自由基的能力以及抗脂质过氧化功能。结果表明:黑花生衣色素的紫外光谱图显示在223nm和278nm处有两个最大吸收峰,与可可色素和高粱红色素等天然抗氧化物质的紫外吸收图谱相似;对羟自由基、超氧阴离子自由基、DPPH自由基的半抑制能力IC50分别为0.601、0.496、0.208mg/mL,对脂质过氧化有很强的抑制作用,是一种效果较好的天然抗氧化剂。     

Phenolic composition and antioxidant activity of Thai and Eri silk sericins

The present study investigates the phenolic contents and antioxidant activities of silk sericin extracted (SSE) from Thai mulberry silkworms (Bombyx mori) and non-mulberry silkworm (Samia ricini). The SSE from all strains revealed the mainly presence of flavonoid compounds including (+)-catechin (20.63–145.64 mg/100 g), quercetin (7.89–35.95 mg/100 g), and (−)-epicatechin (3.36–44.19 mg/100 g). The antioxidant activity of the SSE with water from Chokumnoui 1 was found to have low EC50 values (0.96 mg/mL), the concentrations of the SSE that exhibit 50% reduction in DPPH, and highest scavenging of ABTS^{· +} radicals (1.73 mg TEAC/g) and highest reduce TPRZ-Fe (III) complex to TPTZ-Fe (II) (8.03 mg Fe(II)/g), thus indicating high antioxidant activities. Total phenolic content and total flavonoid content of the SSE showed positive correlated to the scavenging activity of DPPH and ABTS^{· +} radicals and the ferric reducing ability (FRAP assay).     

几种天然植物花色苷体外清除自由基活性比较研究

为了研究天然植物花色苷的抗氧化活性,本实验用醇提法从几种天然植物中提取出花色苷,采用DPPH自由基体系、羟基自由基体系以及超氧阴离子自由基体系,对其体外清除自由基活性进行研究并通过IC50值比较各植物花色苷清除自由基活性的强弱。结果表明,荔枝皮花色苷清除DPPH自由基、楮果花色苷清除羟基自由基、桑椹花色苷清除超氧阴离子自由基的活性最强,并且各植物花色苷在不同自由基体系中表现出不同的抗氧化活性。     

Mechanical Properties of Silk Yarn Degummed with Several Proteases

Abstract

The silk filament spun by the silkworm (Bombyx mori) is composed of two fibroin filaments held together by a cementing layer of sericin. Fibroin and sericin account for about 75 wt% and 25 wt% of the raw silk, respectively. The degumming process consists in removing the sericin layer prior to dyeing using a solution of soap, synthetic detergents, or proteolytic enzymes. Silk yarn was degummed with different commercially available enzymes, two alkaline, a neutral, and an acidic proteases and the results were compared in terms of physical and mechanical properties. Proteases were used under optimum conditions of pH and temperature. The treatments were carried out with three different enzyme dosages, that is, 0.2, 1, and 5 U/g yarn. Soap was taken as the standard method of degumming and enzymatic treatments were compared with this method. The degree of polymerization of silk fibroin was assessed by measuring the intrinsic viscosity of the treated samples.     

阿魏酸低聚糖的体外抗氧化性质的研究

采用羟基自由基、超氧阴离子、DPPH自由基、还原力、脂质体氧化反应体系，检测了阿魏酸低聚糖的体外抗氧化海洼。结果表明阿魏酸低聚糖有较强的抗氧化活性，是一种良好的天然抗氧化剂。     

Antioxidant and free radical scavenging potential of Achillea santolina extracts

The antioxidative activities of hydroalcoholic extract of Achillea santolina were investigated employing various established in vitro systems including total antioxidant activity in linoleic acid emulsion system, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), superoxide and hydroxyl radicals scavenging, reducing power, and inhibitory effect on protein oxidation as well as the inhibition of Fe²⁺/ascorbate induced lipid peroxidation in rat liver homogenate. Total phenolic and flavonoid content of A. santolina extract (ASE) was also determined by a colorimetric method. The results revealed that ASE has notable inhibitory activity on peroxides formation in linoleic acid emulsion system along with concentration-dependent quenching of DPPH and superoxide radicals. Furthermore, the extract showed both nonsite-specific (Fe²⁺ + H₂O₂ + EDTA) and site-specific (Fe²⁺ + H₂O₂) hydroxyl radical scavenging suggesting potent hydroxyl radical scavenging and chelating ability for iron ions in deoxyribose degradation model. A linear correlation between ASE and the reducing power was also observed (r² = 0.9981). ASE prevents thiobarbituric acid reactive substances formation in Fe²⁺/ascorbate induced lipid peroxidation in rat liver tissue in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, free radical induced protein oxidation was suppressed significantly by the addition of ASE over a range of concentration. These results clearly demonstrated that A. santolina extract possess a marked antioxidant activity.     

Isolation and bioactivities of a non-sericin component from cocoon shell silk sericin of the silkworm Bombyx mori

The cocoon shell of the silkworm Bombyx mori consists of silk fibroin fiber (70%) surrounded by a sericin layer made up of sericin (25%) and non-sericin (5%) components. The non-sericin component which consists of carbohydrate, salt, wax, flavonoids and derivatives is often overlooked in applied research into sericin and its hydrolysate. Here, sericin and non-sericin compounds were obtained from the sericin layer of five types of cocoon shell by means of degumming in water followed by extraction and separation in ethanol. These ethanol extracts were found to mainly contain flavonoids and free amino acids possessing scavenging activities of the 2,2-diphenyl -1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical and inhibiting activities of tyrosinase, which were much greater than the corresponding activities of the purified sericin proteins. The extracts also strongly inhibited α-glucosidase while the sericins had no such activity. In particular, the inhibitory activities of the ethanol extract of Daizo cocoons were much greater than those of the other cocoons. The IC(50) values of the Daizo cocoons for DPPH free radicals, tyrosinase, and α-glucosidase were 170, 27, and 110 μg mL(-1), respectively. The bioactivities of the non-sericin component were much higher than the activity of sericin alone. In addition, the in vivo test showed preliminarily that the administration of the non-sericin component had effectively resistant activity against streptozocin (STZ) oxidation and that of the purified sericin could also evidently decrease the induction ratio of diabetic mice induced by STZ. Therefore, ethanol extract protocols of the sericin layer of cocoon shells provide a novel stock which, together with sericin protein, has potential uses in functional food, biotechnological and medical applications.     

玉米胚芽蛋白水解物的抗氧化活性研究

以玉米胚芽蛋白水解物为底物,通过对其羟基自由基清除能力、超氧阴离子自由基清除能力、二苯基苦味酸基苯肼(DPPH)自由基清除能力、Cu2+螯合能力、在亚油酸体系中的抗氧化性、油脂过氧化值(POV)等指标的测定,研究玉米胚芽蛋白水解物的抗氧化活性.结果表明,玉米胚芽蛋白水解物对羟基自由基、超氧阴离子自由基、DPPH自由基具有一定的清除能力,且浓度为6mg/mL时,清除效果最好;对Cu2+具有螯合能力,并且螯合能力随着玉米胚芽蛋白水解物浓度的增加而呈上升趋势;对亚油酸氧化具有抑制作用,作用效果与剂量成正相关,同时对油脂的POV值具有抑制作用,浓度为0.1％时抑制作用最强.     

In Vitro Antioxidant Effects of Flavonoids of Sweet Potato Vines

Flavonoids of sweet potato vines (FSPV) were examined for their antioxidant effects in vitro. The scavenging capacities of FSPV on 1,1-diphenyl 2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), superoxide anion radical, and hydroxyl radical were measured, and their antioxidant activity in a linoleic acid model system was studied using thiobarbituric acid (TBA) method. The results showed that FSPV had a strong scavenging effect on DPPH. Their scavenging activity on superoxide radicals was stronger than that of rutin, and the scavenging activity on hydroxyl radical was higher than that of rutin and vitamin C. Moreover, FSPV had strong antioxidant activities in the linoleic acid model system.     

紫皮甘蔗天然红色素功能活性研究

从紫皮甘蔗中提取甘蔗红色素,研究该色素对超氧阴离子自由基、羟自由基、DPPH 自由基及NO2 的清除作用,以及在动物油和植物油中的抗氧化能力,以此来评价红色素的功能活性。结果表明：甘蔗红色素对超氧阴离子自由基、羟自由基和DPPH 自由基均有良好的清除作用,对NO2 的清除作用不太显著;在油脂中具有一定的抗氧化能力,在猪油中的抗氧化能力强于在豆油中的抗氧化能力。     

软枣猕猴桃总黄酮体外抗氧化活性

研究软枣猕猴桃总黄酮体外抗氧化活性,采用分光光度法测定软枣猕猴桃总黄酮对DPPH自由基、超氧阴离子自由基(O2－ ·)、羟自由基( ·OH)清除能力,对铁离子的还原能力以及对脂质体过氧化的抑制作用,并与VC比较。结果表明,软枣猕猴桃总黄酮具有较强清除DPPH自由基的能力和还原力,可有效抑制脂质过氧化,对O2－ ·、 ·OH有一定的清除作用,且抗氧化作用与软枣猕猴桃总黄酮含量呈正相关,软枣猕猴桃总黄酮具有显著的抗氧化活性。     

副干酪乳杆菌及其胞外多糖的抗氧化性研究

以具有抗氧化性的嗜酸乳杆菌ATCC4356为对照,研究了1株副干酪乳杆菌H9的抗氧化性。分析了2株菌不同浓度下菌悬液和无细胞提取液的DPPH自由基清除能力、金属离子螯合能力和抑制脂质过氧化能力。并对H9菌株菌悬液煮沸灭活前后的抗氧化能力进行了比较。同时,对H9菌株自产的胞外多糖的抗氧化性进行了研究,测定了其在不同浓度下DPPH自由基清除能力、超氧自由基清除能力、羟自由基清除能力。结果表明:H9菌株的菌悬液和无细胞提取液抗氧化能力均随着浓度的升高呈上升趋势,浓度达到109cfu/mL时抗氧化能力最强,此时DPPH的清除能力分别达到(55.0±1.7)%和(47.5±1.8)%,螯合金属离子的能力分别为(15.2±1.2)%和(15.1±1.3)%,抑制脂质过氧化的能力分别为(76.2±1.1)%和(70.0±0.4)%。煮沸后菌悬液抗氧化能力趋势与未煮沸前一致,但同等浓度下煮沸处理会降低其抗氧化能力。H9菌株自产胞外多糖也具有较强的抗氧化能力,并随着多糖浓度的升高抗氧化能力增强。结果表明H9菌株的抗氧化性可能与活细胞和菌体代谢产物密切相关。     

合浦珠母贝抗氧化肽的性质及应用研究

以合浦珠母贝肉抗氧化肽为原料,研究其抗氧化活性、DPPH自由基清除率、超氧阴离子清除能力、羟自由基清除能力、亚油酸过氧化反应、红细胞溶血实验、保湿活性及添加到化妆品中的抗氧化效果。结果表明：合浦珠母贝肉抗氧化肽具有较强的抗氧化能力,DPPH自由基清除率为77.7%;超氧阴离子清除率为46.3%;羟自由基清除率为33.5%;抗亚油酸过氧化能力和抑制膜脂质过氧化能力均较强;具有良好的吸湿及保湿能力。合浦珠母贝抗氧化肽在营养霜中的最佳添加量为1%,此时DPPH自由基清除率和羟自由基清除率分别为48.34%±2.96%、33.52%±2.34%,具有良好的抗氧化活性和稳定性,为合浦珠母贝抗氧化肽在化妆品种的应用提供了理论基础。     

沙棘籽蛋白酶解物抗氧化作用初探

研究了沙棘籽蛋白酶解物的抗氧化能力。以沙棘果籽为原材料,制备沙棘籽蛋白酶解物,测定其还原能力、抗脂质过氧化活性以及羟基自由基引起DNA损伤的保护作用;测定其对超氧阴离子自由基、羟基自由基和DPPH自由基的清除率。结果表明:沙棘籽蛋白酶解物具有较强的还原能力,对光照核黄素产生的超氧阴离子自由基、羟自由基和DPPH自由基均有较强的清除作用;具有抗脂质过氧化的活性和羟基自由基引起DNA损伤的保护作用。研究表明,沙棘籽蛋白酶解物是一种优良的天然抗氧化剂。     

荷叶活性物质超声、微波辅助提取比较及人工胃液处理对其抗氧化活性的影响

为了提高荷叶抗氧化活性物质的提取效率及探索体内胃环境消化对荷叶提取物抗氧化活性的影响,本实验采用测定总还原力、总抗氧化力、羟自由基及DPPH自由基清除率的方法对超声和微波辅助提取荷叶抗氧化活性物质的效率进行了比较,并采用人工胃液在体外模拟体内胃环境对荷叶粗提物进行了处理。结果表明,微波辅助提取所得提取液的抗氧化活性(总还原力、总抗氧化力、羟自由基及DPPH自由基清除率)强于超声辅助提取液,其总黄酮和总多酚含量也高于超声辅助提取液;荷叶粗提物经人工胃液处理后,其抗氧化活性(总抗氧化力、羟自由基、超氧阴离子及DPPH自由基清除率)显著增强。     

肉桂精油抗氧化性能及清除自由基能力的研究

对肉桂精油(CEO)的抗氧化和清除游离基活性的比较是基于总体抗氧化能力、清除超氧阴离子自由基能力、清除羟基自由基能力、抗亚油酸脂质过氧化能力、清除DPPH自由基5个方面,并与其他的合成抗氧化剂如BHT、PG做比较。实验结果表明,在一定浓度范围内,CEO的羟自由基清除能力强于BHT和PG;清除超氧阴离子自由基的能力强于PG;清除DPPH自由基能力、抗氧化活性比BHT和PG弱;CEO抑制亚油酸的过氧化能力比BHT和PG略弱。实验表明了CEO在某些方面具有良好的抗氧化效果。     

Antioxidative activities of bran extracts from twenty one pigmented rice cultivars

Ethanol–water (70:30, v/v) extracts from the bran of rice seeds from twenty one pigmented and one nonpigmented rice cultivars were evaluated for antioxidative activities using the following tests: inhibition of peroxidation of linoleic acid; inhibition of peroxidation of rabbit lipid erythrocyte membranes; reduction of potassium ferricyanide, and scavenging of superoxide anions and hydroxyl radicals. With some exceptions, extracts from the pigmented rice seeds had higher antioxidative activity than did the nonpigmented variety. The following pigmented cultivars had the highest antioxidative activities in all tests: Jumlalocal-1, Parnkhari 203, DZ78, LK1-3-6-12-1-1, and Elwee. A significant correlation was also noted between reducing power, inhibition of erythrocyte ghost membrane peroxidation, and superoxide anion and hydroxyl radical scavenging. The results suggest that: (a) ferricyanide reducing power might be a useful and simple index for large-scale evaluation of antioxidative potencies of natural products present in rice; (b) pigmented rice varieties with high antioxidative activities provide a source of antioxidants and a genetic resource to develop new health-promoting rice cultivars.     

甘薯叶柄藤类黄酮的体外抗氧化作用研究

研究薯蔓黄酮(FSPV)的体外抗氧化作用。测定了FSPV对二苯代苦味酰自由基(DPPH)、超氧阴离子自由基(O2·)和羟自由基(·OH)的清除率,同时用硫代巴比妥酸(TBA)法测定其对亚油酸的抗氧化性。实验结果表明:FSPV对DPPH的清除效果良好(IC50=8.60mg/L);对O2·清除能力强于芦丁但弱于VC;对·OH的清除能力强于芦丁和VC;对亚油酸也有很好的抗氧化作用。体外实验证实,FSPV具有较强的抗氧化能力。     

不同贮藏年份蜜兰香型岭头单丛茶抗氧化成分及抗氧化活性

测定了贮藏5、10、15、20年和2016年制作(实验当年做为对照)的蜜兰香型岭头单丛茶中茶多酚、黄酮、游离氨基酸、茶黄素、儿茶素和咖啡碱等几种抗氧化成分的含量及其抗氧化活性,并研究了两者之间的相关性。结果表明:在20年贮期内,随着贮藏时间的延长,蜜兰香型岭头单丛茶的茶多酚、黄酮和儿茶素含量上升,游离氨基酸和咖啡碱含量下降,茶黄素含量先上升后下降。不同贮藏年份的岭头单丛茶清除DPPH自由基和羟自由基的能力,抑制超氧阴离子自由基的能力及还原力均有差异,通过综合指数(APC)评价抗氧化能力结果可知:抗氧化活性贮藏20年>10年>15年>5年>对照。单丛茶水提物对DPPH自由基和羟基自由基的清除能力与茶多酚、黄酮、儿茶素的含量呈显著性正相关(p<0.05)。还原能力和抑制超氧阴离子自由基能力与各抗氧化成分之间相关性不显著(p>0.05)。