蕨根淀粉提取工艺的研究

以石灰水为浸泡剂，探讨了pH、料液比、浸泡时间、沉降时间对淀粉提取率的影响，并用正交试验确定了蕨根淀粉提取的最佳工艺。结果表明：淀粉的提取率随pH、料液比、沉降时间的增加而增加，随浸泡时间的延长而增加，当浸泡时间超过3h后，淀粉的提取率反而下降。最适宜的提取工艺条件为：pH8．0，料液比1：4，浸泡时间3h，沉降时间7h。     

白芷淀粉的提取工艺研究

以NaOH为浸泡剂,探讨了料液比、pH、浸泡时间、浸泡温度对淀粉提取率的影响,并用正交试验确定了白芷淀粉提取的最佳工艺.结果表明:淀粉提取的最适宜的提取工艺条件为料液比1:6,NaOH浸提液的pH9.0,浸泡时间6h,浸泡温度30℃.在此工艺条件下,淀粉的提取率为84.56%.     

超声预处理对珊瑚姜淀粉碱提取工艺及特征的影响研究

以珊瑚姜残渣为原料,淀粉提取率为指标,研究超声预处理对珊瑚姜淀粉的碱提取工艺条件以及所制淀粉的组成、颗粒形貌和晶体结构的影响。结果表明,普通碱提取的最佳工艺条件为:碱液p H10、料液比1∶9g/m L、浸泡温度35℃、浸泡时间3h,在该条件下所制淀粉的提取率为45.37%、纯度为85.12%、平均粒径为23.06μm;超声预处理(超声功率600W、超声时间100s)后的碱提取的最佳工艺条件为:碱液p H10、料液比1∶12g/m L、浸泡温度30℃、浸泡时间2.5h,在该条件下所制淀粉的提取率为61.54%、纯度为86.51%、平均粒径为20.20μm。即超声预处理改善了碱提取的工艺条件,提高了淀粉的提取率和纯度,减小了淀粉的平均粒径,但未改变珊瑚姜淀粉的颗粒形貌和结晶结构,仍呈类圆形、长卵形、三角状卵形和B型结晶结构。     

紫脚板薯淀粉的提取工艺研究

以NaOH为浸泡剂,探讨了紫脚板薯料液比、浸提时间、浸提温度、浆料pH对淀粉提取率的影响,并通过正交试验确定了紫脚板薯淀粉的最佳提取工艺。结果表明:料液比1:6,浸提时间1.5 h,浸提温度35℃,浆料pH 8时,紫脚板薯淀粉的提取率最高,约为83.7%。     

红小豆淀粉提取工艺研究

以红小豆为原料,氢氧化钠为浸泡剂,探讨碱液质量浓度、料液比、浸泡时间和浸泡温度对红小豆淀粉提取率影响,并通过正交试验确定提取红小豆淀粉最优工艺。结果表明,提取红小豆淀粉最优工艺条件为:碱液质量浓度0.3%、料液比(1∶8)g/mL、浸泡时间3 h、浸泡温度40℃;在此工艺条件下,红小豆淀粉提取率为77.3%。     

油莎豆粕中淀粉制备工艺初探

以油莎豆粕为原料,采用碱法、酸法和盐析分级沉降法三种工艺制备油莎豆淀粉,以淀粉提取率为考察指标来确定油莎豆淀粉制备最佳工艺。选择浸泡pH值、浸提温度、沉降时间、料液比为影响因素,分别在单因素基础上进行正交试验确定其最优技术参数。试验结果表明:碱法的最优条件为:浸泡pH值10,沉降时间4h,料液比1∶25;酸法的最优条件为:浸泡pH值3,沉降时间3h,料液比1∶20。在最优条件下淀粉提取率分别为55.37%、51.56%,而盐析分级沉降法淀粉提取率为35.73%。     

油莎豆淀粉提取工艺研究

研究了油莎豆淀粉的提取工艺。以淀粉提取率为指标,探讨料液比、浸泡时间、石灰水浓度对淀粉提取率的影响,并采用正交实验确定油莎豆淀粉提取的最佳工艺条件。结果表明:影响油莎豆淀粉提取率的因素主次顺序为:料液比>浸泡时间>石灰水浓度。最适宜的提取工艺条件为:料液比1:4,浸泡时间4h,石灰水浓度0.5%,淀粉提取率为89.9%。     

银杏淀粉提取工艺研究

以银杏为原料,NaOH为浸泡剂,进行银杏淀粉提取工艺研究。探讨了碱液浓度、料液比、浸泡时间、浸泡温度对淀粉提取率的影响,并用正交试验确定了银杏淀粉的最佳工艺。结果表明,银杏淀粉提取的最佳工艺条件为:碱液质量分数为0.4%,料液比1∶7,浸泡温度45℃,浸泡时间3h。在此条件下,银杏淀粉的提取率为73.5%。     

酶法与碱法提取糜子淀粉的最佳工艺条件研究

采用酸性蛋白酶浸泡法和碱液浸泡法从糜子籽粒中提取淀粉。通过单因素试验确定酶法最佳提取工艺条件为:pH4.0,酸性蛋白酶体积分数2%,浸泡时间10h,浸泡温度50℃,此条件下淀粉提取率为70.12%。碱法最佳提取工艺条件为:pH11.0,料液比1∶5,浸泡时间8h,浸泡温度25℃,此条件下淀粉提取率为81.59%。     

高州粉葛淀粉提取及性质测定

以高州粉葛为原料,采用碱法提取淀粉。在单因素实验的基础上,通过对粉葛淀粉提取的条件进行三因素(料液比、浸泡时间、pH)三水平的响应面实验设计,以淀粉提取率作为响应面值,通过Design Expert软件对粉葛淀粉提取率进行响应面优化。并对提取的淀粉进行了淀粉透明度、凝沉性、冻融稳定性、粘度等物化性质测定。实验结果表明:淀粉提取的工艺参数为:料液比1∶4.5,浸泡时间2.0h,浸泡pH10.2。在最佳工艺条件下,粉葛淀粉提取率达83.66%。在所提取粉葛淀粉中,直链淀粉含量为23.8%,糊透明度、冻融稳定性较高,易凝沉,属于高膨胀型淀粉,6%淀粉糊在95℃时的粘度为1500mpa·s。     

芋头淀粉纳米颗粒的制备及其表征

以芋头淀粉为原料,经普鲁兰酶脱支不同时间,在4 ℃下回生制备淀粉纳米颗粒,通过Zeta电位仪、傅里叶红外光谱仪、差示扫描量热仪和X射线衍射仪、扫描电子显微镜等对芋头原淀粉和淀粉纳米颗粒的结构和形貌进行了表征。结果表明,经过不同酶解时间(4、6、8和10 h)回生得到的芋头淀粉纳米颗粒的平均粒径分别为354.7、235.4、274.6和400.9 nm。傅里叶红外光谱显示芋头淀粉纳米颗粒没有出现新的特征峰,但分子间作用力和氢键作用都有所增强。与芋头原淀粉比较,淀粉纳米颗粒的糊化温度和焓值降低,糊化温度范围增大,晶型由A型变为V型,相对结晶度明显降低。芋头淀粉纳米颗粒呈多边形或球形,比表面积增大,出现了一定的团聚现象。     

响应面法优化酶法提取芋头淀粉工艺参数

采用碱性蛋白酶作为蛋白质酶解剂,对提取芋头淀粉的工艺进行研究。在单因素试验基础上,采用响应面设计优化提取芋头淀粉的工艺参数。结果表明：芋头淀粉酶法提取的最佳工艺参数为酶解时间137 min、酶用量0.9%、酶解温度41 ℃、pH 10,在此条件下芋头淀粉的实际提取率达88.92%。碱性蛋白酶法制得的芋头淀粉主要理化指标为蛋白质含量0.08%、白度94.45%、平均粒径1.23 μm。扫描电子显微镜图显示该提取方法未对淀粉颗粒造成损伤。     

槟榔芋淀粉物性研究

从槟榔芋淀粉颗粒的形态、大小,淀粉糊特性黏度,糊化温度,透光率,凝沉性,冻融稳定性等几个方面对槟榔芋淀粉物性进行研究。同时以玉米、小麦、马铃薯等淀粉作对照进行比较,从而得到一系列槟榔芋淀粉的物性参数。研究结果表明,其直链淀粉的质量分数约为10.0%,槟榔芋淀粉颗粒较小,糊化温度较高,属于弱凝胶,透明度低,冻融稳定性差,凝沉性好,能与乳化剂形成复合物。回转速度,储存pH和温度,对其淀粉的黏度都有一定影响,pH中性时黏度最高。     

乐昌香芋热风干燥动力学及模型拟合

研究乐昌香芋在不同热风温度(50、60、70、80、90℃),不同热速率(1.5、2.0、2.5、3.0 m/s),不同切片厚度(2、3、4、5 mm)下干燥曲线和干燥速率曲线。利用干燥经验模型Logarithmic、Twoterm、Modified page、Henderson and Pabis、WeibullⅠ对干燥过程水分比与干燥时间关系进行模型拟合,以决定系数、残差平方和与加权卡方检验系数判断拟合结果优劣。结果表明,水分比随时间逐渐减少,变化逐渐变缓。香芋干燥过程以降速干燥为主,热风温度70℃时干燥速率最快,干燥时间最短;热风速率2.0m/s时干燥速率较快,有利于节能降耗;切片厚度3mm时干燥速率较快,干燥时间较短。WeibullⅠ模型能很好地描述香芋热风干燥过程,拟合的决定系数均大于0.9979,残差平方和均小于0.00288,加权卡方检验系数均小于1.69×10–4。     

乳杆菌发酵酸芋荷的工艺研究

以芋荷梗为原料,在民间芋荷梗发酵工艺基础上添加植物乳杆菌（Lactobacillus plantarum）进行发酵。以感官评分和pH值为评价指标,分别探究植物乳杆菌添加量、食盐添加量、发酵温度、发酵时间对芋荷梗发酵品质的影响,通过正交试验优化出最佳的发酵工艺。结果表明,最佳发酵工艺条件为植物乳杆菌添加量0.30%、食盐添加量2%、发酵时间3 d、发酵温度30 ℃。在此最佳发酵工艺条件下,酸芋荷感官评分为84分,pH值为3.29,亚硝酸盐含量（6.25 μg/g）符合国家相关标准。     

芋头淀粉糊的粘度性质

研究了芋头淀粉糊在不同质量分数、pH值以及不同蔗糖、食盐、明矾、硼砂添加量的条件下,Micro Visco-Amylo-Graph粘度曲线的变化情况,与马铃薯、木薯、玉米淀粉糊的粘度性质进行比较,为进一步了解芋头淀粉的特性及应用开发提供了一定的理论依据.     

Physicochemical properties and in vitro digestibility of flours and starches from taro cultivated in different regions of Thailand

This research aimed to study physicochemical properties and in vitro digestibility of flours and starches from taro cultivated in different regions of Thailand, that is, Kanchanaburi (KB), Chiang Mai (CM), Phetchaburi (PB) and Saraburi (SB). Taro starches were extracted from taro flours using either water or alkaline extraction. The taro flours had significantly (P ≤ 0.05) larger particle size, higher pasting and gelatinisation temperatures, and resistant starch content but lower total starch content, whiteness (L* value), paste viscosities and clarity than their corresponding extracted starches. All the taro starches exhibited polygonal and irregular granules and gave A-type X-ray diffraction pattern. The alkaline-extracted taro starches had significantly (P ≤ 0.05) higher extraction yield, total starch content, L* value, pasting and gelatinisation temperatures, and paste clarity but lower granular size, amylose content, resistant starch content, paste viscosities and relative crystallinity than their water-extracted counterparts.     

Isolation and partial characterization of Mexican taro (Colocasia esculenta L.) starch

Taro starch was isolated from Mexican variety and its morphological, physicochemical, and molecular characteristics were evaluated. Yield starch (in dry basis) was 81%, and this starch had low AM content (2.5%). Taro starch granules showed a mixture of shapes with sizes between 1 and 5 µm. Taro starch presented an A‐type XRD pattern with a crystallinity level of 38.26%. Solubility and water retention capacity did not change in the temperature range of 50–70°C and thereafter they increased as temperature increased too. Taro starch showed high peak viscosity due to its high AP content. The peak temperature of gelatinization of taro starch was 80.6°C with an enthalpy value of 10.6 J/g, with low retrogradation rate due to its low AM content. Weight‐average molar mass (Mw) and gyration radius (Rz) of taro starch were 1.21 ± 0.8 × 10⁹ g/mol and 424 ± 70 nm, respectively. Taro tuber could be an alternative for starch isolation with functional and physicochemical characteristics for food and non‐food applications.     

Physicochemical properties,resistant starch content and enzymatic digestibility of unripe banana,edible canna,taro flours and their rice noodle products

Unripe banana, edible canna and taro flours, which have been reported to contain significant amounts of fibre, were investigated for their physicochemical properties, resistant starch (RS) content and in vitro starch digestibility, and compared with commercial high‐fibre‐modified starches from corn and tapioca. Differential scanning calorimetry showed a single endothermic peak located around 70–83 °C for the samples except the modified starches, which exhibited no transition enthalpy. The samples showed different pasting behaviours in the Rapid Visco‐Analyser (RVA) ranging from full to restricted swelling. The RS content varied from 1–26 g per 100 g dry sample, and the estimated glycaemic indices (GIs) of the samples were from 67% to 99%. Generally, samples with high RS were low in GI values. The starches produced acceptable rice noodles but with reduced rate of starch digestion and GI. The effects of the unripe banana, edible canna and taro flours on starch digestibility were either comparable or better than the commercial modified starches. These flours can substitute commercial modified starches to lower GIs of noodles and identical foods.     

芋头淀粉的分离和纯化

用重结晶法可以得到纯度较高的芋头直链淀粉和支链淀粉。直、支链淀粉的蓝值分别是1 1 8和 0 2 0 ,λmax分别为 61 4nm和 5 87nm ,芋头淀粉中直链淀粉含量为 1 4 7%。高效液相色谱表明 ,芋头支链淀粉的分子质量具有较宽的分布 ;重均聚合度 ,大米支链淀粉 >芋头直链淀粉 >大米直链淀粉 >芋头支链淀粉 ;分散度 ,芋头支链淀粉 >芋头直链淀粉 >大米直链淀粉 >大米支链淀粉 ;芋头支链淀粉中 ,长支链所占比例 >短支链 ;分散度 ,长支链 >短支链。