中国乳业结构-行为-绩效分析

乳业经历了半个世纪多的发展,目前发展速度很快,乳品行业的市场结构属于中高度寡占的有效竞争型。这种市场结构下,乳品企业尤其大型乳品企业争夺奶源和市场等行为,影响乳业市场绩效和进一步发展,发挥规模经济和范围经济效应才是乳品企业发展的方向。     

面对2010区域乳业你准备好了么?

<正> 麦肯锡在一份中国乳业市场调查报告指出,到2010年,中国乳品市场规模将达到200亿美元,这是一个比较保守的数字,2006年乳品市场官方数据是10700多亿人民币,2007年上半年液态奶就已经接近是400亿人民币左右。按照各企业实际增长率来看,到2010年,仅仅液态奶几乎就能够达到这个规模。该报告同时也指出2010年将有一半的乳品企业出局,行业集中度进一步提高,生存压力全面集中于中小乳品企业的肩上。面对200亿美金这么诱人的一个数字,和一半企业出局的残酷预言,各乳品企业都纷纷提出了2010年目标,蒙牛和伊利表示要在2010年进入世界乳业的 XX 强,许多区域乳业的三年规     

制约我国乳业实现跨越式发展的主要问题

通过比较我国乳业与发达国家乳业存在的差距和不足，讨论了加入WTO后，要实现我国乳品企业的跨越式发展应具备的条件。提出我国孔业在奶质量、奶源基地的建设、奶牛单产、原料乳成本、乳品结构等方面与国外相比存在很大的差距；并讨论了我国乳业管理体制、建立奶牛风险基金、高新技术在乳品工业的应用、技术创新体系建设和设备制造技术等问题，得出我国乳业要在管理方面、企业经营规模和效益方面、乳业的管理体制和政策方面、乳品加工技术的创新及体系方面需加强和提高，从而实现我国乳业的跨越式发展。     

让西藏牦牛奶走出西藏，走向世界

发展牦牛乳业，造福藏区人民 西藏高原之宝牦牛乳业股份有限公司是一家规范的非上市股份制企业，也是西藏目前规模最大、最具现代化水平的牦牛乳品加工企业。     

基于层次分析法的上市乳品企业成长性评价研究

乳品加工企业是乳业的龙头和引擎,乳品企业的成长性问题对企业本身、投资者以及消费者都有着至关重要的意义。本文以三元、蒙牛、伊利和光明4家乳品上市企业为例,根据影响企业成长性的因素构建企业成长性评价指标体系,运用层析分析法对各财务指标体系中的具体评价指标的权重进行合理的赋值,根据综合得分排名结果,对4家的乳品上市企业成长性进行综合评价,进而提出了完善乳品企业成长性发展的对策建议。     

未来5年全球乳业增量50％来自亚洲

2007亚洲乳制品市场研讨会已在上海闭幕。印度、中国、巴基斯坦已成为全球7大产奶大国之一，印度，巴基斯坦、韩国、日本、中国（含台湾）越南、泰国等这些亚洲国家的乳业得到快速和蓬勃的发展，已成为亚洲乳业发展成功的典范；同时，也引起了国际乳业界的广泛关注。亚洲乳品市场专题研讨会在中国还是首次召开。会议是由新加坡艾毕思（IBC）会务服务中心主办、国际乳品联合会（IDF）和中国广东省乳业协会共同协办的。国际乳品联合会主席吉姆（JimBegg）先生抵达中国全程参加了会议，并在该研讨会将近结束时作总结性发言时认为：“随着亚洲各国人民对牛奶消费习惯的改变和各国政府对乳业的重视及乳品企业对牛奶的宣传，亚洲乳业的发展存在着很大的发展空间，乳品企业存在着很大的发展潜力”。他特别指出，“再过10年，中国本土的乳品企业的生产加工能力将会有大幅度的提高”。     

乳业转型发展时期的现实矛盾与转型升级

近年,随着乳品量进口越来越大,进口奶粉价格大幅波动,并呈现倒挂趋势,对国内乳品加工和奶牛养殖业冲击明显;由于进口原料质优价廉,企业大量使用,替代国内原奶,引起上下游产业矛盾进一步加深;随着国际化发展,国内企业加快海外投资布局,从而减少了国内奶源、加工等方面投资。上述三大矛盾,伴随产业深入调整及外部进口增大,开始进一步激化。矛盾的激化直接导致乳业市场发生连锁反应,表现为大牧场、奶农形势严峻,中小企业生存压力加大,行业亟需突破与转型升级。     

中国加入WTO(世贸组织)前后的乳品工业形势及对策

文章对中国乳品工业目前状况进行了全面分析 ,并对未来发展形势作了展望。内容包括世界乳业发达国家近年来对中国乳品工业的影响和冲击 ;中国与世界乳业发达国家的差距及产生差距的原因 ;中国乳品企业对加入 WTO应做的准备工作 ;中国乳品企业未来发展前景等四部分内容。     

强龙与地头蛇的游戏

K市场作为新疆省第二大城市一直是Y乳业心中一块难以割舍的“疼”,作为一个拥有近百万人口,消费成熟、收入水平较高的市场,乳品消费潜力巨大,仅箱装奶每月的销售量在600吨约15万件左右,但是由于座拥该市场的两大乳品企业生产厂家R和T品牌占据天时、地利、人和的优势,产品品牌影响度较大,消费者认知度也较高等因素．很少有外来乳品品牌表现优秀,     

乳企还能承受多久的价格战？

2006年中国乳企不堪重负的成本压力、媒体无情的揭示、政府强力监管、外资入侵搅局、乳业价格厮杀、行业微弱的呼声，莽撞的少年何时才能变得更理性起来？目前，我国近1600家的乳品加工企业，30％左右的企业处于盈亏平衡点，另有30％的企业出现亏损。2005年全国规模以上乳品加工企业690个，其中日处理鲜奶能力在300吨以上的企业有58个，     

Textural Properties of Cold-set Gels Induced from Heat-denatured Whey Protein Isolates

A 9% whey protein (WP) isolate solution at pH 7.0 was heat-denatured at 80°C for 30 min. Size-exclusion HPLC showed that native WP formed soluble aggregates after heat-treatment. Additions of CaCl2 (10–40 mM), NaCl (50–400 mM) or glucono-delta-lactone (GDL, 0.4–2.0%, w/v) or hydrolysis by a protease from Bacillus licheniformis caused gelation of the denatured solution at 45°C. Textural parameters, hardness, adhesiveness, and cohesiveness of the gels so formed changed markedly with concentration of added salts or pH by added GDL. Maximum gel hardness occurred at 200 mM NaCl or pH 4.7. Increasing CaCl2 concentration continuously increased gel hardness. Generally, GDL-induced gels were harder than salt-induced gels, and much harder than the protease-induced gel.     

Occurrence of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in fish canned in oil

The levels of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) were quantified as part of a European survey on the migration of residues of epoxy resins into oil from canned fish. The contents of BFDGE in cans, lids and fish collected from all 15 Member States of the European Union and Switzerland were analysed in 382 samples. Cans and lids were separately extracted with acetonitrile. The extraction from fish was carried out with hexane followed by re-extraction with acetonitrile. The analysis was performed by reverse phase HPL C with fluorescence detection. BFDGE could be detected in 12% of the fish, 24% of the cans and 18% of the lids. Only 3% of the fish contained BFDGE in concentrations considerably above 1mg/kg. In addition to the presented data, a comparison was made with the levels of BADGE (bisphenol-A-diglycidyl ether)analysed in the same products in the context of a previous study.     

Contribution of European research to risk analysis

The European Commission's, Quality of Life Research Programme, Key Action 1—Health, Food & Nutrition is mission-oriented and aims, amongst other things, at providing a healthy, safe and high-quality food supply leading to reinforced consumer confidence in the safety of European food. Its objectives also include the enhancing of the competitiveness of the European food supply. Key Action 1 is currently supporting a number of different types of European collaborative projects in the area of risk analysis. The objectives of these projects range from the development and validation of prevention strategies including the reduction of consumers risks; development and validation of new modelling approaches; harmonization of risk assessment principles, methodologies, and terminology; standardization of methods and systems used for the safety evaluation of transgenic food; providing of tools for the evaluation of human viral contamination of shellfish and quality control; new methodologies for assessing the potential of unintended effects of genetically modified (genetically modified) foods; development of a risk assessment model for Cryptosporidium parvum related to the food and water industries; to the development of a communication platform for genetically modified organism, producers, retailers, regulatory authorities and consumer groups to improve safety assessment procedures, risk management strategies and risk communication; development and validation of new methods for safety testing of transgenic food; evaluation of the safety and efficacy of iron supplementation in pregnant women; evaluation of the potential cancer-preventing activity of pro- and pre-biotic ('synbiotic') combinations in human volunteers. An overview of these projects is presented here.     

低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性

为研究低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性,以经低温脱脂的带皮菜籽粕为原料,经微粉碎后筛分成212~425μm、150~212μm和106~150μm的3个不同粒级的微粉样品,检测这些样品的吸水性、吸油性、乳化性和乳化稳定性、蛋白质体外消化率。结果表明:1 3个不同粒级的微粉样品之间的粗纤维含量存在显著差异,表明三者的结构组成成分有一定差异。23个微粉样品的乳化活性和乳化稳定性随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。33个微粉样品的蛋白质体外消化率随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。4不同粒级带皮菜籽粕微粉样品的吸水性与吸油性受其结构组成物质不同和粒度的双重影响,与粒度的相关性不明显。     

Microbiology of food taints

Fresh and processed foods are often spoilt by the presence of undesirable flavours and odours caused by microbial action. The aim of this paper is to review the current knowledge of microbiologically induced taints that occur in a wide range of foodstuffs, including meats, poultry, fish, crustaceans, milk, dairy products, fruits, vegetables, cereals and cereal products. Examples have been chosen where the compounds responsible for the taint have been identified and sufficient data obtained to demonstrate the involvement of microorganisms. However, in some cases the full identity of the causative organism may not have been elucidated. The types of microorganisms covered by this review include bacteria, fungi, yeasts, actinomycetes and cyanobacteria. Although cyanobacteria do not in general infect foods, their presence in aqueous systems and water supplies can lead to off-flavours in aquatic organisms and processed foodstuffs. Several examples of each of these processes are discussed. Wherever possible, the likely biosynthetic pathway used by the microorganism to produce the offending compound in a foodstuff is indicated.     

Analysis for organic residues from aids to polymerization used to make plastics intended for food contact

Polymers intended for food contact use have been analysed for organic residues which could be attributed to a range of substances employed as polymerization aids (e.g. initiators and catalysts). A wide range of polymers was extracted with solvents and the extracts analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The overwhelming majority of substances identified were not derived from aids to polymerization but were oligomers, additives and adventitious contaminants. However, a small number of substances were identified as initiator residues. These included tetramethylsuccinonitrile (TMSN) which was observed in two polymers and it derived from recombination of two azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) initiator radicals. Methyl benzoate, benzoic acid, biphenyl and phenyl benzoate were detected in one poly(methyl methacrylate) sample and in two polyvinylchlorides and they are thought to be derived from benzoyl peroxide initiator. TMSN was subsequently targeted for analysis of poly-(methyl methacrylate) plastics using proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry (¹     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part II: Medium molecular weight permeants

Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of different medium molecular weight model permeants: bisphenol A, warfarin and anthracene, from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 microns-thick orientated polypropylene--OPP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. The characterization of permeation kinetics generally observed the permeation models previously reported to explain the experimental permeation results obtained for a low molecular weight group of model permeants. In general, the model permeants exhibited behaviour consistent with their relative molecular weights with respect to (a) the time taken to attain steady-state permeation into the food simulant in which they were more soluble, (b) their subsequent steady-state permeation rates, and (c) their partition between liquid paraffin and the OPP membrane.     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. I: Interlaboratory studies of methods of analysis

This paper describes the first part of a project undertaken to develop mussel reference materials for Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning (PSP) toxins. Two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin (STX) and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin (dc-STX) in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the second part of the project: the certification exercise. In the first study, 18 laboratories were asked to measure STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and to identify as many other PSP toxins as possible with a method of their choice. In the second interlaboratory study, 15 laboratories were additionally asked to determine quantitatively STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The first study revealed that three out of four postcolumn derivatization methods and one pre-column derivatization method sufficed in principle to determine STX and dc-STX. Most participants (13 of 18) obtained acceptable calibration curves and recoveries. Saxitoxin was hardly detected in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels and results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 58% at a mass fraction of 1.86 mg/kg. Most participants (14 out of 18) identified gonyautoxin-5 (GTX-5) in a hydrolysed extract provided. The first study led to provisional criteria for linearity, recovery and separation. The second study revealed that 6 out of 15 laboratories were able to meet these criteria. Results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 3.49mg/kg. Results obtained for STX in the saxitoxin-enriched material yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 0.34mg/kg. Saxitoxin could not be detected in the PSP-positive material. Hydrolysis was useful to confirm the identity of GTX5 and provided indicative information about C1 and C2 toxins in the PSP-positive material. The methods used in the second interlaboratory study showed sufficiently consistent analysis results to undertake a certification exercise to assign certified values for STX and dc-STX in lyophilized mussel.     

Focus on China's Paper Industry

In the English section of this issue, 〈China Paper Newsletters〉 will introduce ＂National Development and Reform Commission Issued Announcement for Selection of Major Preliminary Research Projects for the ＇13th Five-Year Plan＇＂, ＂2013 Annual Report of China＇s Paper Industry＂, and news of projects and other policies.     

Listen to downstream & search for innovation

正Nowadays,textile enterprises are all taking efforts in transformation and upgrading,like improving producing capacity and optimizing production structure to face market downturn.It claimed a higher request to the standard of textile equipments.In the upcoming of ITMA ASIA+CITME 2014exhibition,this magazine have interviewed several branch associations and a series of relative enterprises,to summarize industrial developing status