PMA-LAMP检测单增李斯特活菌方法的建立

建立一种将荧光染料Propidium Monoazide(PMA)与环介导等温扩增(LAMP)相结合的检测方法,用于高效检测活的单核细胞增多性李斯特氏菌(简称单增李斯特菌)。利用PMA抑制单增李斯特死菌后进行LAMP扩增实验、并研究了PMA-LAMP方法检测单增李斯特活菌的灵敏度,同时与PMA-PCR方法灵敏度进行比较。结果表明,50μmol/L的PMA处理浓度为5×108cfu/mL单增李斯特死菌,能够完全抑制LAMP扩增。PMA-LAMP方法检测单增李斯特活菌的检出限为4.9×101cfu/mL,其灵敏度是PMA-PCR方法的10倍。该方法可以作为一种快速检测单增李斯特活菌的新技术。     

基于叠氮溴化丙锭与恒温核酸扩增技术快速检测亚致死状态食源金黄色葡萄球菌

建立一种将荧光染料叠氮溴化丙锭（propidium monoazide,PMA）与环介导等温扩增（loop-mediatedisothermal amplification,LAMP）技术相结合的方法,用于快速高效检测金黄色葡萄球菌（Staphylococcusaureus）。同时,采用人工污染金黄色葡萄球菌的速冻水饺和奶粉作为食品样品,研究PMA-LAMP方法的检测灵敏度。结果表明,PMA溶液质量浓度3 μg/mL,650 W卤素灯下曝光5 min,PMA能够完全抑制1.2×107 copies/mL金黄色葡萄球菌死菌核酸扩增。PMA-LAMP方法能够在恒温65 ℃、60 min内完成对亚致死型金黄色葡萄球菌特异性nuc基因的特异性检测,其对亚致死状态金黄色葡萄球菌的检出限为34 CFU/mL,对食物样品速冻水饺和奶粉的检出限分别为17 CFU/mL和1.70×102 CFU/mL。建立的PMA-LAMP方法可以有效检测亚致死态金黄色葡萄球菌,提供了一种新的检测技术和解决方案。     

环介导等温扩增检测猪血中金黄色葡萄球菌

采用环介导等温扩增(LAMP)技术,检测猪血中金黄色葡萄球菌.以金黄色葡萄球菌(CMCC10201)的femA基因作为靶序列,设计LAMP和PCR引物,通过凝胶电泳,判断检测结果.对8株常见致病菌进行LAMP特异性实验,表明对金黄色葡萄球菌的检测具有很高的特异性;LAMP检测金黄色葡萄球菌的灵敏度为8.7CFU/mL,直接检测猪血中金黄色葡萄球菌的检出限为8.7×102CFU/mL,PCR法的检出限为8.7×103CFU/mL.本实验所建立的快速检测猪血中金黄色葡萄球菌的LAMP法具有较高的特异性和敏感性,能够满足快速检测的需要.     

环介导等温扩增技术快速检测肉中金黄色葡萄球菌

应用环介导等温扩增（loop-mediated isothermal amplification,LAMP）技术建立了对肉中金黄色葡萄球菌检测的方法。实验中,使用了最新的Bst 2.0 Warm Start DNA聚合酶完成LAMP扩增反应,并针对金黄色葡萄球菌所特有的保守性耐热核酸酶基因（nuc）设计得到了一套LAMP扩增引物。对LAMP法和PCR法的检测灵敏度进行了比较,同时对人工污染肉中的金黄色葡萄球菌进行检测。结果表明：所建立的LAMP法能够特异性的检测金黄色葡萄球菌,并且检测金黄色葡萄球菌纯菌的灵敏度为2.01×10~0CFU/m L,是普通PCR检测灵敏度的100倍。在检测肉中金黄色葡萄球菌时,检测限为2.01×10~1CFU/m L。因此,本实验所建立的LAMP法检测肉中金黄色葡萄球菌的方法,具有灵敏、快速以及简便等的优点,是一种具有很好的发展前景的检测手段。     

叠氮溴乙锭-环介导等温扩增法快速检测空肠弯曲菌活菌

目的建立叠氮溴乙锭(ethidium monoazide bromide, EMA)-环介导等温扩增(loop-mediated isothermal amplification,LAMP)快速检测空肠弯曲菌活菌的方法。方法以空肠弯曲菌mapA基因为检测靶基因,纯培养物提取模板进行LAMP反应,检测空肠弯曲菌LAMP灵敏度、EMA曝光照射时间试验和使用浓度试验。结果空肠弯曲菌LAMP检测灵敏度为800 CFU/mL;曝光照射时间为5 min; EMA终浓度50μg/mL以下时不会抑制空肠弯曲菌活菌的DNA扩增,终浓度为1μg/mLEMA能有效抑制4×10~4CFU/mL空肠弯曲菌死菌扩增; 1%活菌混合体系中EMA-LAMP检测结果为阳性。结论 EMA-LAMP方法能有效快速检测空肠弯曲菌活菌。     

实时逆转录聚合酶链式反应检测活的金黄色葡萄球菌

针对基于DNA水平的聚合酶链式反应(DNA-PCR)检测食品中金黄色葡萄球菌时会出现假阳性结果的缺点,建立一种能够区分死、活金黄色葡萄球菌的检测方法。根据金黄色葡萄球菌的femA基因,自设计Taqman探针、引物,采用一步法逆转录聚合酶链式反应(RT-PCR),以femA mRNA为检测对象,发现只有活的金黄色葡萄球菌显阳性,死亡的则呈阴性;纯培养时,重复检测变异系数为0.15,灵敏度为9×102CFU/mL,检出限可达1/3 CFU/3 mL。实验表明,该研究所建立的一步法逆转录聚合酶链式反应检测法,不仅灵敏度高、特异性强,而且能够有效地区分死、活金黄色葡萄球菌。     

畜禽肉中金黄色葡萄球菌活菌可视化LAMP检测方法的研究

目的:建立一种设备要求简单、结果可视化的用于定性检测畜禽肉中金黄色葡萄球菌活菌的快速检测方法。方法:通过对羟基萘酚蓝(hydroxynaphthol blue,HNB)浓度、叠氮溴化丙啶(propidium monoazide,PMA)浓度等的优化,结合环介导恒温扩增技术(loop-mediated isothermal amplification,LAMP),建立一种PMA-HNB-LAMP联用的可视化的用于快速检测畜禽肉中金黄色葡萄球菌活菌的方法,对其特异性、灵敏度进行测试,并用于人工污染样品和实际样品的检测。结果:本研究成功建立了LAMP扩增体系,并通过添加210 μmol/L HNB到LAMP扩增体系中,得到了差异明显的阴阳性结果。建立的HNB-LAMP法特异性强,其纯菌液灵敏度为104 CFU/mL,样品基质灵敏度为105 CFU/mL。本研究中用于处理样品的PMA浓度为10 μg/mL,处理条件为室温下避光孵育5 min,曝光15 min。在检测人工污染的样品时,PMA-HNB-LAMP法和传统微生物法检测结果一致。结论:本研究成功建立了可快速检测畜禽肉中金黄色葡萄球菌活菌的可视化PMA-HNB-LAMP法。     

肠炎沙门氏菌EMA-PCR检测方法的建立

将荧光染料叠氮溴化乙锭（ethidium monoazide,EMA）与聚合酶链式反应（polymerase chain reaction,PCR）检测技术相结合,用于肠炎沙门氏菌活菌的检测。实验参数优化结果表明,当EMA终质量浓度50 μg/mL、曝光时间10 min时,可以抑制约107 CFU/mL肠炎沙门氏菌死菌DNA的扩增;活菌灵敏度检测结果显示,EMA-PCR方法检测限与单一PCR方法一样均为27.5 CFU/mL,说明EMA处理既不会影响活菌DNA的扩增也不会影响PCR方法的灵敏度。利用EMA-PCR方法检测死活混合菌液时发现,添加EMA的实验组DNA条带亮度会随着活菌比例的降低而变暗,且当样品中全是死菌时,没有目标条带出现;而不添加EMA的对照组DNA条带亮度没有变化,当样品中全是死菌时,目标条带依然清晰可见。说明添加EMA可以达到区分死活菌的目的,EMA-PCR方法只检测样品中的活菌,避免了死菌DNA造成假阳性的可能性。     

叠氮溴化丙锭-羟基萘酚蓝-环介导等温扩增法检测畜禽肉中单核细胞李斯特菌

将叠氮溴化丙锭（propidium monoazide,PMA）、羟基萘酚蓝（hydroxynaphthol blue,HNB）与环介导等温扩增（loop-mediated isothermal amplification,LAMP）技术相结合,建立一种可视化PMA-HNB-LAMP方法快速检测畜禽肉中单核细胞李斯特菌（Listeria monocytogenes）。结果表明,当PMA终质量浓度为5.0 μg/mL、孵育和曝光时间均为15 min时,可有效抑制105 CFU/mL的单核细胞李斯特菌死菌DNA的聚合酶链式反应扩增,而对活菌DNA的扩增不具有抑制作用。LAMP反应体系中HNB终浓度为210 μmol/L时,检测显色结果肉眼可见。该方法的纯菌液灵敏度为2.4×102 CFU/mL,人工污染肉制品的检出限为2.3×104 CFU/ mL。分别采用国标法、PMA-HNB-LAMP法和HNB-LAMP法检测20 份市售畜禽肉样,3 种方法的单核细胞李斯特菌检出率分别为5%、10%和20%。PMA-HNB-LAMP法在一定程度上可解决LAMP法的假阳性问题,并且具有操作简单、可视性强的优点。     

环介导恒温扩增法(LAMP)检测金黄色葡萄球菌

建立一种能够快速准确地检测金黄色葡萄球菌的LAMP方法。根据金黄色葡萄球菌的femA基因设计了引物,然后进行LAMP反应条件的优化、特异性和灵敏度的检测并与实际样品进行检出率的比较。LAMP方法特异性好,最佳反应温度为61℃,只对金黄色葡萄球菌进行扩增;灵敏度高,金黄色葡萄球菌的检测灵敏度为8～9cfu/mL时仍能检出。LAMP方法检测金黄色葡萄球菌特异性强、灵敏度高、时间短且操作简便,有望成为快速检测金黄色葡萄球菌的新方法。     

Textural Properties of Cold-set Gels Induced from Heat-denatured Whey Protein Isolates

A 9% whey protein (WP) isolate solution at pH 7.0 was heat-denatured at 80°C for 30 min. Size-exclusion HPLC showed that native WP formed soluble aggregates after heat-treatment. Additions of CaCl2 (10–40 mM), NaCl (50–400 mM) or glucono-delta-lactone (GDL, 0.4–2.0%, w/v) or hydrolysis by a protease from Bacillus licheniformis caused gelation of the denatured solution at 45°C. Textural parameters, hardness, adhesiveness, and cohesiveness of the gels so formed changed markedly with concentration of added salts or pH by added GDL. Maximum gel hardness occurred at 200 mM NaCl or pH 4.7. Increasing CaCl2 concentration continuously increased gel hardness. Generally, GDL-induced gels were harder than salt-induced gels, and much harder than the protease-induced gel.     

Occurrence of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in fish canned in oil

The levels of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) were quantified as part of a European survey on the migration of residues of epoxy resins into oil from canned fish. The contents of BFDGE in cans, lids and fish collected from all 15 Member States of the European Union and Switzerland were analysed in 382 samples. Cans and lids were separately extracted with acetonitrile. The extraction from fish was carried out with hexane followed by re-extraction with acetonitrile. The analysis was performed by reverse phase HPL C with fluorescence detection. BFDGE could be detected in 12% of the fish, 24% of the cans and 18% of the lids. Only 3% of the fish contained BFDGE in concentrations considerably above 1mg/kg. In addition to the presented data, a comparison was made with the levels of BADGE (bisphenol-A-diglycidyl ether)analysed in the same products in the context of a previous study.     

Contribution of European research to risk analysis

The European Commission's, Quality of Life Research Programme, Key Action 1—Health, Food & Nutrition is mission-oriented and aims, amongst other things, at providing a healthy, safe and high-quality food supply leading to reinforced consumer confidence in the safety of European food. Its objectives also include the enhancing of the competitiveness of the European food supply. Key Action 1 is currently supporting a number of different types of European collaborative projects in the area of risk analysis. The objectives of these projects range from the development and validation of prevention strategies including the reduction of consumers risks; development and validation of new modelling approaches; harmonization of risk assessment principles, methodologies, and terminology; standardization of methods and systems used for the safety evaluation of transgenic food; providing of tools for the evaluation of human viral contamination of shellfish and quality control; new methodologies for assessing the potential of unintended effects of genetically modified (genetically modified) foods; development of a risk assessment model for Cryptosporidium parvum related to the food and water industries; to the development of a communication platform for genetically modified organism, producers, retailers, regulatory authorities and consumer groups to improve safety assessment procedures, risk management strategies and risk communication; development and validation of new methods for safety testing of transgenic food; evaluation of the safety and efficacy of iron supplementation in pregnant women; evaluation of the potential cancer-preventing activity of pro- and pre-biotic ('synbiotic') combinations in human volunteers. An overview of these projects is presented here.     

低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性

为研究低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性,以经低温脱脂的带皮菜籽粕为原料,经微粉碎后筛分成212~425μm、150~212μm和106~150μm的3个不同粒级的微粉样品,检测这些样品的吸水性、吸油性、乳化性和乳化稳定性、蛋白质体外消化率。结果表明:1 3个不同粒级的微粉样品之间的粗纤维含量存在显著差异,表明三者的结构组成成分有一定差异。23个微粉样品的乳化活性和乳化稳定性随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。33个微粉样品的蛋白质体外消化率随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。4不同粒级带皮菜籽粕微粉样品的吸水性与吸油性受其结构组成物质不同和粒度的双重影响,与粒度的相关性不明显。     

Microbiology of food taints

Fresh and processed foods are often spoilt by the presence of undesirable flavours and odours caused by microbial action. The aim of this paper is to review the current knowledge of microbiologically induced taints that occur in a wide range of foodstuffs, including meats, poultry, fish, crustaceans, milk, dairy products, fruits, vegetables, cereals and cereal products. Examples have been chosen where the compounds responsible for the taint have been identified and sufficient data obtained to demonstrate the involvement of microorganisms. However, in some cases the full identity of the causative organism may not have been elucidated. The types of microorganisms covered by this review include bacteria, fungi, yeasts, actinomycetes and cyanobacteria. Although cyanobacteria do not in general infect foods, their presence in aqueous systems and water supplies can lead to off-flavours in aquatic organisms and processed foodstuffs. Several examples of each of these processes are discussed. Wherever possible, the likely biosynthetic pathway used by the microorganism to produce the offending compound in a foodstuff is indicated.     

Analysis for organic residues from aids to polymerization used to make plastics intended for food contact

Polymers intended for food contact use have been analysed for organic residues which could be attributed to a range of substances employed as polymerization aids (e.g. initiators and catalysts). A wide range of polymers was extracted with solvents and the extracts analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The overwhelming majority of substances identified were not derived from aids to polymerization but were oligomers, additives and adventitious contaminants. However, a small number of substances were identified as initiator residues. These included tetramethylsuccinonitrile (TMSN) which was observed in two polymers and it derived from recombination of two azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) initiator radicals. Methyl benzoate, benzoic acid, biphenyl and phenyl benzoate were detected in one poly(methyl methacrylate) sample and in two polyvinylchlorides and they are thought to be derived from benzoyl peroxide initiator. TMSN was subsequently targeted for analysis of poly-(methyl methacrylate) plastics using proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry (¹     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part II: Medium molecular weight permeants

Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of different medium molecular weight model permeants: bisphenol A, warfarin and anthracene, from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 microns-thick orientated polypropylene--OPP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. The characterization of permeation kinetics generally observed the permeation models previously reported to explain the experimental permeation results obtained for a low molecular weight group of model permeants. In general, the model permeants exhibited behaviour consistent with their relative molecular weights with respect to (a) the time taken to attain steady-state permeation into the food simulant in which they were more soluble, (b) their subsequent steady-state permeation rates, and (c) their partition between liquid paraffin and the OPP membrane.     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. I: Interlaboratory studies of methods of analysis

This paper describes the first part of a project undertaken to develop mussel reference materials for Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning (PSP) toxins. Two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin (STX) and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin (dc-STX) in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the second part of the project: the certification exercise. In the first study, 18 laboratories were asked to measure STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and to identify as many other PSP toxins as possible with a method of their choice. In the second interlaboratory study, 15 laboratories were additionally asked to determine quantitatively STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The first study revealed that three out of four postcolumn derivatization methods and one pre-column derivatization method sufficed in principle to determine STX and dc-STX. Most participants (13 of 18) obtained acceptable calibration curves and recoveries. Saxitoxin was hardly detected in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels and results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 58% at a mass fraction of 1.86 mg/kg. Most participants (14 out of 18) identified gonyautoxin-5 (GTX-5) in a hydrolysed extract provided. The first study led to provisional criteria for linearity, recovery and separation. The second study revealed that 6 out of 15 laboratories were able to meet these criteria. Results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 3.49mg/kg. Results obtained for STX in the saxitoxin-enriched material yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 0.34mg/kg. Saxitoxin could not be detected in the PSP-positive material. Hydrolysis was useful to confirm the identity of GTX5 and provided indicative information about C1 and C2 toxins in the PSP-positive material. The methods used in the second interlaboratory study showed sufficiently consistent analysis results to undertake a certification exercise to assign certified values for STX and dc-STX in lyophilized mussel.     

Focus on China's Paper Industry

In the English section of this issue, 〈China Paper Newsletters〉 will introduce ＂National Development and Reform Commission Issued Announcement for Selection of Major Preliminary Research Projects for the ＇13th Five-Year Plan＇＂, ＂2013 Annual Report of China＇s Paper Industry＂, and news of projects and other policies.     

Listen to downstream & search for innovation

正Nowadays,textile enterprises are all taking efforts in transformation and upgrading,like improving producing capacity and optimizing production structure to face market downturn.It claimed a higher request to the standard of textile equipments.In the upcoming of ITMA ASIA+CITME 2014exhibition,this magazine have interviewed several branch associations and a series of relative enterprises,to summarize industrial developing status