高效液相色谱法分析地瓜儿多糖的单糖组成

研究分析地瓜儿多糖的单糖组成。采用水提醇沉法提取地瓜儿多糖,用三氟乙酸水解多糖成单糖,单糖产物经衍生化试剂1-苯基-3-甲基-5-吡唑啉酮(PMP)柱前衍生化后,利用高效液相色谱法分析单糖的PMP衍生物。结果表明,地瓜儿多糖由甘露糖(Man)、鼠李糖(Rha)、葡萄糖醛酸(GlcUA)、半乳糖醛酸(GalUA)、葡萄糖(Glc)、半乳糖(Gal)、木糖(Xyl)和阿拉伯糖(Ara)8种单糖组成,是一种酸性杂多糖,其中以半乳糖、葡萄糖和半乳糖醛酸为主,为进一步开发利用地瓜儿这一新的野菜资源提供了科学依据。     

阿里红中多糖的分离纯化及其组分分析

目的对阿里红中的多糖进行分离纯化,并对得到的两种多糖组分进行基础结构分析。方法阿里红经水提醇沉法除蛋白后,再经DEAE纤维素-52、Sepharose CL-6B和葡聚糖凝胶Sephadex G-100柱层析分离纯化得到两种多糖组分FOPS-a和FOPS-b。采用凝胶过滤法分析其纯度和相对分子量,经气相色谱法分析其单糖组成,并对多糖组分进行部分酸水解,高碘酸氧化和Smith降解分析。结果分离纯化得到的阿里红多糖组分FOPS-a、FOPS-b的相对分子质量为199 kDa和87 kDa。单糖组成均为甘露糖、阿拉伯糖、半乳糖。FOPS-a主链单糖残基为甘露糖,末端残基和分支单糖残基为阿拉伯糖、半乳糖、甘露糖和鼠李糖;FOPS-b主链单糖残基为甘露糖,末端残基和分支单糖残基为阿拉伯糖、半乳糖、甘露糖和葡萄糖。结论该研究可为阿里红多糖的开发与利用提供技术参考。     

甘谷红芪酸性多糖的纯化及结构初探

本实验主要采用水提醇沉法提取甘谷红芪多糖,首先用DEAE-Sepharose Fast Flow 阴离子交换柱层析进行分离得到其中的一种酸性多糖,后者再经 Sepharose 6B Fast Flow凝胶层析纯化后浓缩、透析、冷冻干燥。琼脂糖凝胶电泳显色证明该组分为均一性多糖,再经过紫外、红外光谱分析以及酸水解产物薄层分析,分析结果表明该酸性多糖为杂多糖,其组成单糖可能分别为：木糖、葡萄糖醛酸或半乳糖醛酸、氨基葡萄糖盐酸盐或氨基半乳糖盐酸盐、葡萄糖醛酸内酯或半乳糖醛酸内酯,并且含有硫酸根。     

两种石耳中多糖的提取与分离纯化及其单糖组成分析

目的:对网脊石耳(Umbilicaria decussate(Vill.)Zahlbr.)和淡肤根石耳(Umbilicaria virginis Schaer.)多糖中的单糖组成进行研究。方法:两种石耳经水提、醇沉、冷冻干燥得水溶性多糖,经DEAE-52离子交换层析柱和SephadexG-150凝胶柱进行分离纯化得纯化多糖。气相色谱分析所得多糖的单糖组成。结果:淡肤根石耳精制多糖的单糖组为甘露糖、葡萄糖、半乳糖,其含量之比为16.00:50.96:6.17、淡肤根石耳纯化多糖的单糖组成为甘露糖、葡萄糖、半乳糖,其含量之比为2.97:17.70:1.52;网脊石耳精制多糖的单糖组成为甘露糖、葡萄糖、半乳糖,其含量之比为3.90:38.086:2.00、网脊石耳纯化多糖只含葡萄糖,含量为5.37%。结论:网脊石耳和淡肤根石耳都含有葡萄糖,含有少量的甘露糖和半乳糖。     

无梗五加果多糖组成及生物活性的研究

采用HPLC法对经脱色脱蛋白、DEAE52纤维素柱层析得到的主要多糖组分ASP-Ⅰ、ASP-Ⅱ进行单糖组成和纯度、相对分子质量(Mr)测定,表明无梗五加果多糖单糖组成为甘露糖、氨基葡萄糖、鼠李糖、葡萄糖醛酸、半乳糖醛酸、葡萄糖、半乳糖、木糖及岩藻糖,主要由Mr为21800、147000、45400和18100的4种均一多糖组成;其中,均一多糖ASP-Ⅰ由半乳糖和鼠李糖组成,物质的量之比为1:0.7,Mr为18100.对水提醇沉后得到的无梗五加果多糖进行部分生物活性研究表明,其在清除自由基、抗疲劳、耐缺氧及提高免疫调节能力等方面都具有一定功效.     

莲藕渣多糖的单糖组分测定

目的:利用气相色谱法测定莲藕渣中多糖的单糖组分。方法:通过水提醇沉法从莲藕渣中提取多糖,将提取的多糖经纯化、水解、衍生化后,利用气相色谱对其单糖组分进行分析。结果:水提醇沉法得到莲藕渣粗多糖LRP,得率为2.68%;经分离纯化得莲藕渣多糖LRP1和LRP2,其单糖组成为鼠李糖、阿拉伯糖、葡萄糖、木糖、半乳糖和岩藻糖,且其摩尔比为5.32∶16.03∶5.14∶1.02∶25.98∶2.32。结论:莲藕渣多糖主要由半乳糖和阿拉伯糖组成,其中半乳糖的含量最高,为25.98%。     

地皮菜多糖的分离纯化及结构组成分析

以地皮菜为原料,采用水提醇沉法获得地皮菜多糖(Nostoc Commune polysaccharides,NCP),经Sevage法脱蛋白、DEAE-Sepharose CL-6B柱色谱法分离纯化、透析、冻干等制备地皮菜精制多糖。利用紫外和红外光谱对其进行纯度及结构分析,采用1-苯基-3-甲基-5-吡唑啉酮柱前衍生HPLC法测定其单糖组成及含量。结果表明:地皮菜多糖经DEAE-Sepharose CL-6B柱色谱分离可得到5种多糖组分,其主要组分NCP-3具有典型的多糖吸收峰。HPLC分析表明NCP-3主要由甘露糖、葡萄糖醛酸、葡萄糖、阿拉伯糖构成,其摩尔比为2.17∶7.14∶2.56∶1。     

枸杞多糖的提取及其组成的气相色谱分析

对枸杞子中的水溶性多糖成分进行了分离提取及组成分析.采用水提,醇沉等方法提职枸杞子中的多糖成分;Sevage法除去蛋白质后,运用凝胶色谱法进行多糖的纯化;制备糖腈乙酰化衍生物进行气相色谱分析,结果表明,枸杞多糖由鼠李糖、阿拉伯糖、木糖、甘露糖、葡萄糖、半乳糖6种单糖组成,其含量分别为5.59%,45.57%,4.07%,1.85%,7.83%,35.07%.     

茶叶酸性多糖的分离、纯化及其理化性质研究

采用水提醇沉法从采自江西婺源的粗老绿茶中提取茶叶多糖,通过Sevag法脱蛋白得到精制茶叶多糖,应用高效凝胶渗透色谱法（high performance gel permeation chromatography,HPGPC）分析茶叶多糖纯度并测定其分子质量,进一步测定茶叶多糖的糖含量、蛋白质含量、单糖组成、糖醛酸组成等理化指标,同时对其进行紫外和红外光谱扫描,考察其光谱性质。结果表明：该茶叶多糖组分为均一性高的酸性多糖组分,分子质量约为289 734 D,糖含量为55.1%,蛋白质含量为1.8%。该茶叶多糖酸性组分主要由鼠李糖、核糖、阿拉伯糖、甘露糖、葡萄糖和半乳糖组成,其物质的量比为1.26∶3.18∶4.08∶1.00∶1.52∶3.92,该茶叶多糖酸性组分中含有大量半乳糖醛酸,含量为33.5%。     

柱前衍生高效液相色谱法检测8种枣水溶性多糖的单糖组成

建立了柱前衍生高效液相色谱法,对金丝小枣、大荔龙枣、晋枣、赞皇大枣、宣城圆枣、梨枣、无核小枣和骏枣中水溶性多糖的单糖组成及其比例进行分析比较。样品经清洗、烘干、粉碎、石油醚脱脂后,采用水提醇沉法得到水溶性多糖,经低温干燥后备用。水溶性多糖经三氟乙酸充分水解后,以1-苯基-3-甲基-5-吡唑啉酮(PMP)作为衍生剂,HPLC法分析枣水溶性多糖的单糖组成。结果表明:柱前衍生高效液相色谱法检测水溶性多糖的单糖组成衍生方法简单、线性关系好,检测灵敏度高,单糖的最低检出限为0.14~0.33 nmol。8种枣多糖均由甘露糖、鼠李糖、半乳糖醛酸、葡萄糖、半乳糖和阿拉伯糖6种单糖组成,其单糖组成比例存在很大差异。其中,甘露糖在各多糖中含量均较低,半乳糖醛酸含量普遍较高,葡萄糖除了在赞皇大枣和金丝小枣两种制干型枣中含量较低以外,在其余6个品种中含量较高。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Textural Properties of Cold-set Gels Induced from Heat-denatured Whey Protein Isolates

A 9% whey protein (WP) isolate solution at pH 7.0 was heat-denatured at 80°C for 30 min. Size-exclusion HPLC showed that native WP formed soluble aggregates after heat-treatment. Additions of CaCl2 (10–40 mM), NaCl (50–400 mM) or glucono-delta-lactone (GDL, 0.4–2.0%, w/v) or hydrolysis by a protease from Bacillus licheniformis caused gelation of the denatured solution at 45°C. Textural parameters, hardness, adhesiveness, and cohesiveness of the gels so formed changed markedly with concentration of added salts or pH by added GDL. Maximum gel hardness occurred at 200 mM NaCl or pH 4.7. Increasing CaCl2 concentration continuously increased gel hardness. Generally, GDL-induced gels were harder than salt-induced gels, and much harder than the protease-induced gel.     

Influence des ions sur le pouvoir hydratant de l'ure e: e tude sur peau de porc ex vivo

This study deals with the influence of ions (NaCl and MgSO4) in a W/O emulsion containing 10% urea. Moisturization kinetics are assessed by corneometry on pig skin ex vivo. The formula's influence on urea penetration is measured by infrared spectrometry with an ATR device and the stripping method. Corneometry and spectroscopy were chosen to record simultaneously the hydratation levels and urea localization into superficial cell layers. Urea crystallization after evaporation of emulsions and aqueous solutions is described. Results show that urea does not hydrate nor penetrate when applied to the skin through an aqueous gel. In a W/O emulsion, sodium chloride increases the ability of urea to moisturize without improving penetration. In vitro urea crystallization is disturbed by sodium chloride or magnesium sulphate for solutions and emulsions. This stabilization by ions is correlated with good moisturization values. The stabilization of urea in the solute state provided by ions increases its water epidermal binding capacity without enhancing penetration.     

Occurrence of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in fish canned in oil

The levels of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) were quantified as part of a European survey on the migration of residues of epoxy resins into oil from canned fish. The contents of BFDGE in cans, lids and fish collected from all 15 Member States of the European Union and Switzerland were analysed in 382 samples. Cans and lids were separately extracted with acetonitrile. The extraction from fish was carried out with hexane followed by re-extraction with acetonitrile. The analysis was performed by reverse phase HPL C with fluorescence detection. BFDGE could be detected in 12% of the fish, 24% of the cans and 18% of the lids. Only 3% of the fish contained BFDGE in concentrations considerably above 1mg/kg. In addition to the presented data, a comparison was made with the levels of BADGE (bisphenol-A-diglycidyl ether)analysed in the same products in the context of a previous study.     

Analysis on Economic Indicators from 62 Enterprises in Printing Machinery Industry in Q1 2014

Operation of printing machine industry was still unsatisfactory in the first quarter of 2014.Analysis on operation of printing machine industry.a.Market demand was not strong;sales of product undulated and declined.According to the statistics,the total industrial output value fell by 19.28% in the first quarter of 2014 than the average quarter value in 2013; industrial added value decreased by 4.16%; sales revenue dropped by 22.83%. h. Business operation of enterprises was in poor condition. c. R＆D of new products is an important transformation guarantee for enterprises. d. To take self explore new ways upgrading advantages,and explore new ways.