杨木APMP制浆化学预处理废液中有机物的分析

研究了不同化学预处理条件对APMP废液中木素和糖类物质浓度的影响。结果表明,化学预处理过程中化学药剂NaOH用量、H₂O₂用量和Na₂SiO₃用量对化学预处理废液中木素和糖类物质浓度的变化有不同影响,影响程度由大到小依次为NaOH用量＞H₂O₂用量＞Na₂SiO₃用量,其中NaOH用量和H₂O2用量对木素和糖类物质浓度的变化有重要影响,Na₂SiO₃用量无明显影响。化学预处理温度对化学预处理废液中木素和糖类物质浓度的影响程度明显大于化学预处理时间。在化学预处理过程中,NaOH用量、H₂O₂用量和化学预处理温度是影响杨木APMP制浆化学预处理废液中木素和糖类物质浓度的重要因素。     

微咸水灌溉条件下施用不同改良剂对盐渍化土壤盐分离子分布的影响--测试文章

利用5种不同的土壤改良剂,对矿化度在2～3 g·L^-1的微咸水灌溉棉田土壤进行改良效果研究。结果表明：五种改良剂均降低土壤pH值和总盐含量,并能有效控制土体Na⁺、Ca²⁺、SO₄^2-、HCO₃^-积累;其中,磷石膏能显著降低土体Na⁺、Ca²⁺、SO₄^2-总含量（P＜0.05）,DS1997能显著降低土体Na⁺、HCO₃^-总含量（P＜0.05）,酸碱平衡剂显著降低土体Ca²⁺、SO₄^2-总含量（P＜0.05）,禾康改良剂有效控制土体SO₄^2-、HCO₃^-含量;改良剂对土体中Cl^-改良效果不显著（P＞0.05）。研究得出：微咸水灌溉导致土壤pH值升高和含盐量增加,造成土壤盐分的积累;土壤改良剂可有效减少微咸水灌溉引起的盐分积累,改善土壤理化特性和盐分离子分布。     

电Fenton技术深度处理造纸废水

采用电Fenton技术深度处理二级生化后的造纸废水,以色度去除率和COD去除率为主要考察指标,研究不同因素对造纸废水深度处理效果的影响。反应的最佳条件为：反应时间120 min、初始pH值=3、电压12 V、Fe²⁺浓度0.8 mmol/L、H₂O₂浓度0.8 mmol/L、极板间距10 cm、电解质Na₂SO₄浓度6 g/L。最佳反应条件下,电Fenton法对造纸废水的色度去除率和COD_Cr去除率分别达到89.5%和68.4%。动力学分析表明,电Fenton技术对造纸废水COD的降解符合一级反应动力学规律,一级反应速率常数为k=0.2072 min^-1。     

藕渣纤维素的碱法提取工艺优化及性能测定

目的 优化藕渣纤维素的提取工艺,并通过系列表征证明该纤维素的形貌结构及理化特性。方法 以纤维素的含量为指标, 以NaOH浓度、Na₂SO₃浓度和提取温度为考察因素进行单因素实验, 结合Box-Behnken 响应面实验对提取工艺进行优化。并对提取纤维素进行组分分析和形貌结构表征。结果 响应面优化结果显示, NaOH浓度、Na₂SO₃浓度和提取温度对藕渣纤维素的含量均具有显著影响(P<0.05)。确定最佳提取工艺条件为NaOH浓度1.25 M、Na₂SO₃浓度1 M、提取温度80 ℃,此条件下纤维素含量84.31%,其中淀粉含量为0.8%、蛋白质含量为2.75%。红外数据表明纯化样品中半纤维素和木质素的特征峰明显减弱,具有典型的纤维素峰,证明了有效提取了纤维素样品；X射线衍射结果表明藕渣和提取的纤维素衍射曲线差别较大,且藕渣纤维素的衍射峰位置与已报道纤维素基本一致,证明所使用的提取方法并未改变藕渣纤维素的结晶结构；扫描电镜分析表明木质素和半纤维素被除去后纤维素裸露表面发生聚集形成褶皱结构,热分析表明藕渣纤维素的最佳热分解温度为265 ℃,所提取的纤维素具有较好的热稳定性。 结论 该碱法提取工艺方法简单高效,为藕渣等农产品加工副产物的开发利用提供了理论依据。     

磷酸盐-硅系纳米浆料助剂的分散稳定性

为了研究纳米浆料助剂的稳定性对淀粉浆料性能的影响,分别以Na₃PO₄,Na₄P₂O₇, (NaPO₃)₆ 和 Na₅P₃O₁₀为分散剂制备了纳米SiO₂浆料助剂,通过离心透光率、沉降积等指标表征该磷酸盐-硅系纳米浆料助剂的分散稳定性;研究它的分散稳定性对淀粉浆液、浆膜及黏附性能的影响。实验表明,Na₃PO₄,Na₄P₂O₇,(NaPO₃)₆和Na₅P₃O₁₀的分散稳定能力依次增强,质量分数分别为0.5%,4%,8% 和 10%时分散效果最佳;该种助剂对淀粉浆液性能没有显著影响,对浆膜断裂强度及黏附性能的促进作用随着分散体系稳定性的提高而增强;以Na₅P₃O₁₀为分散剂的纳米浆料助剂对淀粉浆料性能的促进作用最显著。     

石英纤维的表面改性及分散特性研究

本研究通过对石英纤维进行酸/碱溶液和表面活性剂结合的预处理方式,改善其在水中的分散性,重点研究了酸溶液、碱溶液、表面活性剂的种类及浓度对石英纤维分散特性的影响。结果表明,预处理后的石英纤维具有良好的分散特性,其湿法成形的纸张（石英纸）表面平整、无明显纤维絮聚成团。通过H₂SO₄和聚氧化乙烯（PEO）2种预处理方式的结合,石英纤维在水中的分散性较佳。当H₂SO₄的pH值为3、PEO的质量浓度为0.1 g/L时,预处理后的石英纤维在水中的分散性最佳,石英纸的匀度指数可达89.1,较未处理原纤维抄造的石英纸匀度指数（222.6）降低了60%。     

亚甲基蓝褪色光度法测定小麦粉中的痕量溴酸钾

利用KBrO₃在H₂SO₄介质中能氧化褪色亚甲基蓝的特性,建立了亚甲基蓝褪色光度法测定小麦粉中痕量KBrO₃的新方法。试验结果表明,在测定波长为665 nm,2.0 mol/L H₂SO₄溶液为1.7 ml,0.05 g/L亚甲基蓝用量为1.5 ml,1.0%KBr用量为2.0 ml,加热温度为60℃,反应时间为5 min条件下,该方法的线性范围为0.06～0.50 mg/L,检出限为0.01 mg/kg,定量限为0.03 mg/kg。该方法用于小麦粉中痕量KBrO₃的测定,样品回收率在94.3%～105.7%,相对标准偏差RSD＜5%,试验结果能满足小麦粉中痕量溴酸盐测定的要求。      

造纸法烟草薄片碳化硅膜净化系统清洗工艺研究

本研究对造纸法烟草薄片提取液成分进行了分析,筛选确定了提取液分离净化用碳化硅膜净化系统合适的无机酸清洗剂,研究不同浓度下,该无机酸清洗剂的清洗效果,优化了无机酸清洗剂与碱性清洗剂的组合;在原清洗流程基础上增加了化学浸泡流程,通过对比2种化学浸泡清洗工艺,优选确定了合适的化学浸泡工艺。结果表明：①造纸法烟草薄片提取液中有机物含量约75%;②采用质量分数10%的NH₂SO₃H溶液清洗生产线膜净化系统后,膜通量恢复至原始通量的86.05%,满足膜净化系统清洗需求;③较优的清洗剂组合为质量分数6%的NH₂SO₃H溶液和质量分数6%的NaOH溶液;④合适的化学浸泡工艺条件为：NaOH溶液质量分数10%,每4 h碱液泵启动1次,碱液泵单次运行时长1 h,化学浸泡总时长24 h。优化后,造纸法烟草薄片生产线膜净化系统运行周期最高增加至14.0 h;膜通量恢复比例最高增加至94.00%;日常化学清洗消耗时间降至89 min。     

游离SO2、溶解氧浓度对葡萄酒颜色及花色苷含量的影响

目的：探索不同浓度溶解氧与游离SO₂对赤霞珠干红葡萄酒在陈酿中的颜色及相关参数的影响。方法：以新疆吐鲁番鄯善县新葡王酒庄赤霞珠干红葡萄酒为酿制试材,在葡萄酒陈酿过程中通过添加不同浓度的游离SO₂与溶解氧,观察其对葡萄酒色度、色调和花色苷含量等指标的影响。结果：溶解氧与游离SO₂浓度较低时葡萄酒呈鲜艳的酒红色,充氧量为2 mg/(L·30 d)时可促进葡萄酒中花色素苷、单宁适度聚合,改善葡萄酒品质;游离SO₂质量浓度为15~30 mg/L时对葡萄酒的色调值影响不大,但对色度影响较为明显,超过30 mg/L时会使葡萄的酒颜色逐渐显橙色。结论：赤霞珠干红葡萄酒陈酿的适宜游离SO₂质量浓度为25 mg/L,充氧量为2 mg/(L·30 d)。     

碳酸钠对纸质文献超声雾化脱酸效果的研究

本研究使用易溶性水相脱酸剂Na₂CO₃溶液,通过超声雾化对纸质文献进行脱酸处理,对其可超声雾化质量分数范围、超声雾化速率、雾化量、雾化稳定性、雾化粒径、脱酸均匀性等效果进行了探究。结果表明,Na₂CO₃溶液可超声雾化质量分数范围为0~12%;质量分数高的Na₂CO₃溶液超声雾化较为困难,超声雾化速率小;Na₂CO₃溶液质量分数越低,超声雾化速率越不稳定;随Na₂CO₃溶液质量分数的升高,超声雾化平均粒径递增且变化幅度不大。在实验条件范围内,相对于其他质量分数,质量分数6%的Na₂CO₃溶液雾化量最大,超声雾化稳定性高,脱酸均匀性最好,脱酸一段时间后,纸质文献仍能保持较好的脱酸效果。     

Textural Properties of Cold-set Gels Induced from Heat-denatured Whey Protein Isolates

A 9% whey protein (WP) isolate solution at pH 7.0 was heat-denatured at 80°C for 30 min. Size-exclusion HPLC showed that native WP formed soluble aggregates after heat-treatment. Additions of CaCl2 (10–40 mM), NaCl (50–400 mM) or glucono-delta-lactone (GDL, 0.4–2.0%, w/v) or hydrolysis by a protease from Bacillus licheniformis caused gelation of the denatured solution at 45°C. Textural parameters, hardness, adhesiveness, and cohesiveness of the gels so formed changed markedly with concentration of added salts or pH by added GDL. Maximum gel hardness occurred at 200 mM NaCl or pH 4.7. Increasing CaCl2 concentration continuously increased gel hardness. Generally, GDL-induced gels were harder than salt-induced gels, and much harder than the protease-induced gel.     

Occurrence of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in fish canned in oil

The levels of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) were quantified as part of a European survey on the migration of residues of epoxy resins into oil from canned fish. The contents of BFDGE in cans, lids and fish collected from all 15 Member States of the European Union and Switzerland were analysed in 382 samples. Cans and lids were separately extracted with acetonitrile. The extraction from fish was carried out with hexane followed by re-extraction with acetonitrile. The analysis was performed by reverse phase HPL C with fluorescence detection. BFDGE could be detected in 12% of the fish, 24% of the cans and 18% of the lids. Only 3% of the fish contained BFDGE in concentrations considerably above 1mg/kg. In addition to the presented data, a comparison was made with the levels of BADGE (bisphenol-A-diglycidyl ether)analysed in the same products in the context of a previous study.     

Review of techniques to manufacture micro-hydrogel particles for the food industry and their applications

Microgels are ‘soft’ microscopic cross-linked polymeric particles that are being increasingly exploited in a variety of industries for rheology control, encapsulation and targeted delivery. They are valued because of the ability to tune their functionality to address specific applications in oil recovery, coatings, drug delivery, cosmetics, personal care and foods. Food microgels are typically biopolymer hydrogels in the form of microspheres, nanospheres (also called nanogels), spheroids and fibres. The utilisation of engineered microgels in foods has so far been limited, despite their great potential to address several needs in the food industry, including: satiety control, encapsulation of phytonutrients and prebiotics, texture control for healthier food formulations (e.g. reduced fat products), and targeting delivery to specific areas in the digestive tract. We review the scientific and patent literature on the utilisation and manufacturing methods for producing microgels with an emphasis on micro-hydrogels for food applications.     

12—A CRITIQUE OF SOME HYPOTHESES RELATING TO THE HETEROGENEITY OF THE HIGH-SULPHUR PROTEINS OF WOOL

Joubert and Burns prepared a large number of fractions from the high-sulphur proteins of wool and estimated their molecular weights and amino-acid compositions. Their data have been re-examined in order to look for statistically significant interrelations between amino acids and between the proportion of various amino acids and molecular weight. Statistical analysis of the data is also used to examine the credibility of some hypotheses concerning the mechanism of keratin biosynthesis and to provide further evidence for the existence of families of proteins within the high-sulphur fractions of wool.     

Contribution of European research to risk analysis

The European Commission's, Quality of Life Research Programme, Key Action 1—Health, Food & Nutrition is mission-oriented and aims, amongst other things, at providing a healthy, safe and high-quality food supply leading to reinforced consumer confidence in the safety of European food. Its objectives also include the enhancing of the competitiveness of the European food supply. Key Action 1 is currently supporting a number of different types of European collaborative projects in the area of risk analysis. The objectives of these projects range from the development and validation of prevention strategies including the reduction of consumers risks; development and validation of new modelling approaches; harmonization of risk assessment principles, methodologies, and terminology; standardization of methods and systems used for the safety evaluation of transgenic food; providing of tools for the evaluation of human viral contamination of shellfish and quality control; new methodologies for assessing the potential of unintended effects of genetically modified (genetically modified) foods; development of a risk assessment model for Cryptosporidium parvum related to the food and water industries; to the development of a communication platform for genetically modified organism, producers, retailers, regulatory authorities and consumer groups to improve safety assessment procedures, risk management strategies and risk communication; development and validation of new methods for safety testing of transgenic food; evaluation of the safety and efficacy of iron supplementation in pregnant women; evaluation of the potential cancer-preventing activity of pro- and pre-biotic ('synbiotic') combinations in human volunteers. An overview of these projects is presented here.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of     

The Latest Data about Development of Chinese Printing Industry in 2013

In the 2014 China（Shanghai）International Printing Week,Director Wang Yanbin released the latest data about development of Chinese printing industry in 2013.According to statistics,in 2013,the total output value of Chinese printing industry exceeded 1trillion Yuan for the first time,reaching 1.03985 trillion Yuan.There were 105,000 printing enterprises in China,employees were 3.415 million.The total asset was 1.06247 trillion Yuan;     

The State Council Issued "Directory of Government Approved Investment Projects(2013 Edition)"

正On December 2nd,2013,the State Council issued the notification of"Directory of Government Approved Investment Projects(2013 Edition)"(hereafter referred to as"notification").It is pointed out in the"notification"that in order to further deepen reforms in investment systems and administrative examination and approval systems,simplify administrative procedures and delegate powers to lower levels,earnestly     

China textile machinery: taking off in progress

正Among the 1600 exhibitors who take apart in the ITMA ASIA+CITME2014 2/3 are Chinese manufactures.If the numerous figures failed to attract your attention,the increase of quality should draw your focus.To adopt the demand of developing textile machine market,domestic textile machinery enterprises now follow the slogan of"technology drives development"to enhance product competitiveness.Our domestic sellers will showcase product ranging from spinning,weaving,dyeing and printing,     

Top Ten News of China's Paper Industry 2013

On December 24th, 2013, the meeting on the selection of top 10 news of China＇s paper industry 2013 sponsored by 〈China Paper Newsletters〉 was held in Beijing. The yearly selection of the top l0 news, which began in 2000, has become a brand activity widely recognized in the industry thanks to the support from the authorities at all levels and public participation.