兰州拉面专用粉对春小麦品质的要求——Ⅱ小麦籽粒面筋蛋白组成含量与品质的关系

共选用30份春小麦材料,参照Singh等[1]和Verbruggen等[2]方法,提取出不同材料的面筋蛋白、高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基(HMW-GS)和低分子量麦谷蛋白亚基(LMW-GS)。通过测定各蛋白组分的含量及比例,同时结合不同材料的理化品质、面团流变学特性以及拉面食用品质进行多元相关分析,结果表明:麦谷蛋白含量与小麦籽粒蛋白含量、湿面筋含量、面筋指数、干面筋含量呈显著正相关;与面团弹性、延伸性以及面团筋力也呈显著正相关;与拉面食用韧性、粘性以及总评分呈显著正相关。HMW-GS含量与小麦湿面筋和干面筋含量呈显著正相关;与面筋指数呈显著负相关。在面团品质方面,HMW-GS含量与面团韧性呈显著正相关,而与LMW-GS与面团延伸性和面团筋力为显著正相关。HMW-GS含量与拉面最终评分呈显著负相关,相反LMW-GS与拉面最终评分呈显著正相关。     

小麦籽粒质量性状与兰州拉面感官质量关系研究

为研究小麦籽粒质量性状与兰州拉面产品感官质量之间的关系,明确影响兰州拉面质量的主要籽粒性状,以黄淮冬麦区70个小麦品种为试验材料,测定小麦品种籽粒质量性状,实验室制作兰州拉面,拉面师傅评价拉面制作过程,感官评价小组评价产品感官特性。结果表明,容重、籽粒色泽b*值、吸水率与兰州拉面"制作过程评价总分"和产品"感官评价总分"均呈显著或极显著正相关,籽粒蛋白质含量、沉降指数、GMP含量、拉伸参数与"制作过程评价总分"呈显著或极显著负相关。籽粒蛋白质含量、湿面筋含量与"感官评价总分"呈极显著负相关。优质兰州拉面小麦品种或拉面专用粉应具有较高的容重、较高的籽粒色泽b*值,适中的籽粒蛋白质含量和湿面筋含量,以及中等强度的拉伸能量。     

麦谷蛋白聚合体含量与小麦粉质量性状相关性研究

利用9个小麦高世代品系(F7),含118个株系为研究材料,研究了蛋白质组分及谷蛋白聚合体(GMP)含量与微量SDS沉降值及面筋指数的相关性.结果表明:清球蛋白含量与微量SDS沉降值无相关性,谷蛋白含量与微量SDS沉降值及面筋指数均呈极显著正相关;GMP含量、GMP/TPP、GMP/CP、GMP/SGP以及TPP/CP对微量SDS沉降值有极显著的正向作用,其中GMP的贡献最大;GMP含量、GMP/TPP、GMP/CP与面筋指数呈显著或极显著正相关,其中GMP/TPP与面筋指数的相关性最高.偏相关分析表明:微量SDS沉降值变异平方和的60.58%可由其与TPP%、GMP%和GMP/SGP的线性关系来说明;通径分析结果显示:GMP含量与微量SDS沉降值的相关性主要是由其直接效应提供,GMP含量是影响微量SDS沉降值的第一因素.研究结果指出,西南麦区小麦品质改良中GMP含量,面筋指数可作为优质面条、馒头小麦的早代选择指标.     

面包小麦品质和产量若干性状的相关性

利用国内外40个面包小麦品种(系)进行了品质和产量若干性状的相关性分析，结果表明，SDS-沉降值与籽粒蛋白质含量、湿面筋含量间呈显著正相关，与比沉降值、伯尔辛值、高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基品质评分之间呈极显著正相关；籽粒蛋白质含量、湿面筋含量与比沉降值、伯尔辛克值、高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基品质评分之间没有相关性。籽粒蛋白质含量、湿面筋含量与株粒重、收获指数、穗粒数呈显著或极显著负相关；SDS-沉降值、伯尔辛克值与株粒重等产量性状间几乎没有相关性；比沉降值与株粒重呈弱的正相关，与收获指数呈显著正相关。讨论认为，在现阶段我国小麦品质育种中，筛选和利用具有优良蛋白质品质，比沉降值高的亲本资源来选育高产优质新品种，具有十分重要的意义。     

小麦粉中高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基组成及含量与小麦粉品质关系的探讨

选取6种不同的小麦粉,利用SDS-PAGE分离高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基(HMW-GS),并根据分子量大小采用凝胶成像扫描确定亚基的组成和含量;同时通过对面筋含量、水分、灰分、蛋白质含量及面团的流变学性质等的全面测定来评价小麦粉品质,从而对HWM-GS的种类及含量与小麦粉的品质关系进行初步探讨.结果显示HMW-GS的亚基组成及含量与小麦粉的品质有明显的相关性:同时具有5 10、7 8亚基的小麦粉,亚基蛋白的总含量为0.35 mg/ml,小麦粉的湿面筋含量最高、稳定时间最长、粉力、抗延伸阻力和拉力比数均较高;仅含5 10或仅含7 8亚基的小麦粉,虽然单个亚基对蛋白质含量基本没变,但其小麦粉的品质指标如湿面筋含量、稳定时间、粉力、抗拉力、拉伸比等明显的下降;仅含7 8亚基较仅含5 10亚基的小麦粉的粉力、抗拉力及拉伸比大.同时含有5 10和7 9亚基的小麦粉其品质较好,而同时具有5 10、7 9和8亚基的小麦粉的粉力、抗拉力及拉伸,较只具有5 10、7 9的小麦粉高.提示7 8、8亚基的存在对小麦粉的拉伸特性有影响.     

小麦品种品质与面条品质关系的研究

通过对陕西关中近年育成的１３个小麦品种（品系）的籽粒性状、蛋白质品质、磨粉品质、粉质参数及面条蒸煮品质的系统分析,研究了小麦品种品质性状与面条品质性状的相关关系,结果认为,信仪２号８８２１、大粒８７８、３个小麦品种适宜于制作面条。面条蒸煮吸水率与小麦品种的出粉率、湿面筋含量呈显著负相关,与籽粒硬度、面粉吸水率与小麦品种的发率、湿面筋含量呈显著负相关,与籽粒硬度、面粉吸水率１、灰分含量呈极显著负相关     

二系杂交小麦HMW-GS组合与品质关系的研究

高分子质量麦谷蛋白亚基(HMW-GS)的组成及含量是影响小麦加工品质的主要因素之一。以小麦光温敏雄性不育系BS20、BS210和BS366与17个恢复系配制的86个正反交组合为试材,研究二系杂交小麦正反交组合HMW-GS组成与蛋白质含量、沉淀值、揉混仪曲线的和面时间、八分钟带宽和衰弱角斜率等品质性状的关系。采用SDS-PAGE方法分析了杂交种的HMW-GS的组成,结果表明,正反交组合HMW-GS组成相同,在所有参试材料中普遍存在劣质亚基N和2+12,其频率分别是44.2%、67.4%,而优质亚基5+10所占比例仅为20.9%。HMW-GS对正交和反交组合的F1代品质性状的影响研究结果表明,Glu-D1位点对正反交品质性状的贡献最大;正交和反交组合的亚基及组合对大多数品质性状的影响无显著差异,因此正交和反交组合间的品质性状不具有明显的母体效应;正交和反交的亚基及亚基组合对品质性状的影响趋势一致,其对小麦品质参数的影响力大小分别为:在Glu-A1位点,1/1>N/1>N/N;Glu-B1位点,7+8/7+8>7+8/7+9≥7+9/7+9;Glu-D1位点,对蛋白质含量、八分钟带宽的影响力为2+12/5+10>2+12/2+12>2+12/4+12,对SDS沉降值、和面时间和衰弱角斜率的影响力为2+12/5+10>2+12/4+12>2+12/2+12;在所有参试的杂交组合中,组合1/1,7+8/7+8,2+12/5+10的品质最好。     

优质强筋小麦粉乳酸保持能力的影响因素分析

以14个优质强筋小麦品种(品系)为材料,系统研究了小麦粉的蛋白质含量、湿面筋含量、GMP含量、SDS沉淀值、流变学特性、谷蛋白溶涨指数及其与微量乳酸SRC值间的关系。通过微量乳酸SRC值与蛋白质品质评价指标的相关分析得出,微量小麦粉乳酸SRC值与SDS沉淀值、拉伸能量和SIG20呈极显著正相关;与蛋白质含量、湿面筋含量、GMP含量、稳定时间、SIG0和SIG5呈显著正相关;与弱化度呈极显著负相关。通过二次旋转回归正交组合设计分析了微量SRC法中离心力、溶剂量、溶涨温度和溶涨时间等因素对乳酸SRC值的影响,得到了乳酸SRC值的模型。     

基因、灌溉和贮藏对小麦蛋白质理化特性影响的研究进展

蛋白质理化特性是衡量小麦制品品质的重要指标,其受小麦品种、灌溉条件、籽粒和面粉贮藏时间及温湿度的显著影响。高分子量谷蛋白亚基表达量与蛋白质理化特性正相关。灌溉条件显著影响小麦蛋白质理化特性,适当的节水处理有利于蛋白质积累和麦谷蛋白大聚体大颗粒形成。贮藏时间和温湿度均显著影响小麦蛋白质理化特性;短期贮藏中,贮藏时间与麦谷蛋白大聚体理化特性正相关;随贮藏时间的延长,麦谷蛋白大聚体含量和面团黏弹性逐渐降低;与低温低湿条件相比,高温高湿条件下小麦各指标在贮藏过程中变化幅度大。后期可结合籽粒和面粉贮藏及麦谷蛋白大聚体流变学特性和形貌开展研究,以期为籽粒和面粉贮藏质量,乃至面制品质量控制提供理论依据。     

河套地区不同品种小麦品质特性研究

以在河套地区种植的10个不同麦区主推的小麦品种为研究对象，探究小麦籽粒、小麦粉和面团基本特性。结果表明：其中有4个品种的6项指标都达到我国小麦品种品质分类标准中强筋小麦品种要求。小麦籽粒的面筋含量、沉降值与小麦粉的蛋白质含量、水分含量、形成时间、稳定时间、粉质指数呈极显著正相关关系(P<0.01),小麦籽粒的蛋白质含量、形变能量与小麦粉的湿面筋含量、水分含量、形成时间、最大拉伸阻力、能量、最大拉伸比呈显著正相关(P<0.05)。根据方差累计贡献率提取出4个主成分可以反映原变量92.899%的小麦品质特性综合信息，可为河套地区优质小麦品种的筛选、培育及不同品种小麦的深加工提供参考。     

面粉特性对燕麦挂面品质的影响

为了探究面粉特性对燕麦挂面品质的影响,测定了7种小麦粉的粉质特性、拉伸特性、麦谷蛋白大聚体(GMP)干质量、面筋蛋白及其亚基组成,用其制作燕麦挂面,并通过相关性分析研究面粉特性对燕麦挂面品质的影响。结果表明,面粉的吸水率与燕麦挂面的硬度、适口性、韧性和感官总分呈正相关;拉伸能量、延伸度、最大拉伸阻力与燕麦挂面的拉断距离呈正相关;GMP干质量与燕麦挂面的硬度、黏附性、拉断力和适口性呈正相关;高相对分子质量麦谷蛋白亚基(HMW-GS)与燕麦挂面的硬度、咀嚼性、拉断力和适口性均呈正相关。麦谷蛋白与面筋蛋白比值与燕麦挂面的硬度、拉断力和适口性呈正相关。因此,吸水率高、GMP干质量大、HMW-GS相对含量高、麦谷蛋白与面筋蛋白比值大、拉伸特性好的面粉适合加工燕麦挂面。     

利用RIL群体分析HMW-GS对面条品质性状的量化效应

利用重组自交系群体——RIL-8群体的80个系及其亲本为材料，分析了不同高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基对面条品质性状影响的量化效应以及不同亚基组合的面条品质差异。结果表明RIL-8群体Glu—A1、Glu—B1、Glu—D1位点编码的亚基分别为1、N，7 9、7 8和5 10、2 12，主要存在6种亚基组合类型。同一位点不同亚基和不同的亚基组合对面条的适口性、韧性、粘性和总分有显著的影响。对于不同亚基，5 10、1亚基是适合制作优质面条的亚基，尤以5 10亚基为好；N、7 8、7 9和2 12亚基不是制作优质面条的适宜亚基。对于不同亚基组合，(1，7 9，5 10)、(N，7 8，5 10)和(1，7 8，5 10)是制作优质面条的适宜亚基组合，而(1，7 8，2 12)、(N，7 8，2 12)和(1，7 9，2 12)不适合制作优质面条。     

面包面条兼用型强筋小麦品种郑麦366品质评价

通过分析郑麦366品质特性,为粮食生产、食品加工利用、品种选育等提供参考.研究结果表明,郑麦366的HMW - GS和LMW - GS组成为1、7+8、5+10和Glu - A3a、Glu - B3d,不含1B/1R,表现蛋白质含量高,面筋强度大,面包烘焙品质优异;同时郑麦366为Wx - BI基因缺失类型,具有较好的淀粉糊化特性;控制郑麦366多酚氧化酶(PPO)活性的2个主效基因PPO - 2Ab、PPO - 2Da均为隐性,表现很低的PPO 活性,面条品质优良.郑麦366的品质在多个地区、多个年份表现稳定,为品质稳定的优质强筋小麦新品种.郑麦366集优质、高产、抗病、矮秆、农艺性状好于一体,在河南大面积种植的产量都在7500 kg/hm2以上,百亩超高产攻关田的产量在9750 kg/hm2以上,在周边省份进行大面积示范推广,表现突出.     

Comparative proteome analysis of glutenin synthesis and accumulation in developing grains between superior and poor quality bread wheat cultivars

BACKGROUND: Wheat glutenins are the major determinants of wheat quality. In this study, grains at the development stage from three wheat cultivars (Jimai 20, Jin 411 and Zhoumai 16) with different bread‐making quality were harvested based on thermal times from 150 °C_d to 750 °C_d, and were used to investigate glutenin accumulation patterns and their relationships with wheat quality. RESULTS: High and low molecular weight glutenin subunits (HMW‐GSs and LMW‐GSs) were synthesised concurrently. No obvious correlations between HMW/LMW glutenin ratios and dough property were observed. Accumulation levels of HMW‐GSs and LMW‐GSs as well as 1Bx13 + 1By16 and 1Dx4 + 1Dy12 subunits were higher in superior gluten quality cultivar Jimain 20 than in poor quality cultivar Jing 411 and Zhoumai 16. According to the results of two‐dimensional gel electrophoresis, six types of accumulation patterns in LMW‐GSs were identified and classified. The possible relationships between individual LMW‐GSs and gluten quality were established. CONCLUSION: The high accumulation level of HMW‐GSs and LMW‐GSs as well as 1Bx13 + 1By16 and 1Dx4 + 1Dy12 subunits contributed to the superior gluten quality of Jimai 20. Two highly expressed and 16 specifically expressed LMW glutenin subunits in Jimain 20 had positive effects on dough quality, while 17 specifically expressed subunits in Zhoumai 16 and Jing 411 appeared to have negative effects on gluten quality. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry     

Hearth bread baking quality of durum wheat varying in protein composition and physical dough properties

Thirty durum wheat genotypes from ten countries of origin were grown in field plots for two consecutive years. Three of the genotypes were γ‐gliadin 42 types and the remainder were γ‐gliadin 45 types. Among the γ‐gliadin 45 types, six high‐molecular‐weight glutenin subunit (HMW‐GS) patterns were identified: 6 + 8, 7 + 8, 7 + 16, 14 + 15, 20 and 2*, 20. All the γ‐gliadin 42 genotypes contained low amounts of unextractable polymeric protein (UPP) and exhibited low gluten index values and weak gluten properties. The γ‐gliadin 45 genotypes exhibited a wide range of UPP, gluten index and dough strength. HMW‐GS 20 genotypes were generally weak, whereas HMW‐GS 6 + 8 and 7 + 8 genotypes were generally strong. When baked by a lean formulation, long‐fermentation straight‐dough hearth bread process, the durum wheat genotypes exhibited a wide range of baking quality. Loaf volume and bread attributes were strongly correlated with UPP and gluten index. Some of the genotypes exhibited bread attributes and loaf volume equal or slightly superior to those of a high‐quality bread wheat flour. However, even the strongest durum wheat genotypes exhibited inferior fermentation tolerance to the bread wheat flour, as seen by a requirement for lower baking absorption during dough handling and more fragile dough properties when entering the oven. Among the HMW‐GS groups, HMW‐GS 7 + 8 and 6 + 8 exhibited the best and HMW‐GS 20 the poorest baking quality. Farinograph, alveograph and small‐scale extensigraph properties demonstrated that a combination of dough elasticity and extensibility was needed for superior durum wheat baking performance. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry     

Wheat protein composition and properties of wheat glutenin in relation to breadmaking functionality

The unique breadmaking properties of wheat are generally ascribed to the visco-elastic properties of its gluten proteins. While monomeric gluten proteins (gliadin) show viscous behavior, polymeric gluten proteins (glutenin) are elastic. The unique elasticity of glutenin results to a large extent from its polymeric nature. Glutenin is a highly heterogeneous mixture of polymers consisting of a number of different high- and low-molecular-weight glutenin subunits linked by disulfide bonds. Although glutenin obviously is the major polymeric protein in wheat, other polymeric proteins occur as well. Their importance in breadmaking may be underestimated. Nevertheless, variations in both quantity and quality of glutenin strongly determine variations in breadmaking performance. Structural features of different classes of glutenin subunits are described. Variations in glutenin quality may result from variations in its (1) structure, (2) size distribution, and (3) subunit composition. Some hypotheses on glutenin structure and current insights into the role of glutenin size distribution are evaluated. Finally, different ways in which variation in glutenin composition may directly or indirectly (by affecting glutenin structure and/or size distribution) influence glutenin quality are discussed.     

Relationship between glutenin subunit composition and gluten strength measurements in durum wheat

Durum breeders use a range of techniques in the development of new cultivars. An important selection criterion is the rheological properties of semolina dough and durum wheat breeders use this criterion in the development of new cultivars using a range of techniques. Because of the need to process large numbers of genotypes encountered in breeding programs, methods that are inexpensive, rapid, require small amounts of sample and that correlate with semolina quality are desirable. Using breeding material, this study investigated the relationship between the glutenin subunit composition and two traditional tests of gluten strength, gluten index (GI) and mixograph. Two sample sets of durum wheat breeding lines and cultivars, one grown in Canada (n = 229) and the other grown in Australia (n = 139) were analysed for GI, mixograph and both high molecular weight (HMW) and low molecular weight (LMW) glutenin subunits by SDS‐PAGE. Nine different HMW and 14 different LMW allelic combinations were found. In the Canadian set, the most frequent LMW alleles were aaa, bba, caa and cfa while in the Australian set, caa was predominant. For the HMW subunits, the most common allelic groups were Glu‐A1c/Glu‐B1d (null, 6 + 8) and Glu‐A1c/Glu‐B1b (null, 7 + 8) with fewer numbers of Glu‐A1c/Glu‐B1e (null, 20) in both sample sets. LMW subunits were more important contributors to gluten strength than HMW subunits with the rank for higher GI according to the LMW allele (Canadian set) being caa = aaa > bba and aaa > cfa while HMW subunits 6 + 8 = 7 + 8 > 20. Similarly, using the mixograph, strength ranking for the LMW alleles was aaa > cfa = bba and HMW subunit 20 gave poorer rheological properties. For some samples with a good LMW allelic group a low GI was observed and vice versa. Further characterisation of the protein composition in these samples showed the GI results could be explained by polymeric/monomeric (P/M), glutenin/gliadin (Glu/Gli) and HMW/LMW ratios or the proportion of unextractable polymeric protein. © Crown in the right of the State of New South Wales, Australia; and for the Department of Agriculture and Agri‐Food, Government of Canada, © Minister of Public Works and Government Services Canada 2005. Published for SCI by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.