PBS混凝剂处理制革废水的研究

研究了用酸浸的粉煤灰和鼓风炉铁泥所得到的 PBS混凝剂处理制革废水的工艺。结果表明 :PBS与聚硅酸铝 (PSA)絮凝剂配合处理制革废水 ,SS、COD、硫化物和铬的去除率可分别达到 91.8%、83.6 %、93.3%和 87.3%。此法的显著特点是混凝沉降速度快 ,污泥体积小 ,处理废水费用低。还探讨了酸浸粉煤灰混凝剂对制革废水的混凝沉降机理     

粉煤灰基混凝剂处理印染废水

研究用酸浸的粉煤灰和鼓风炉铁泥作原料制备PBS混凝剂，以处理印染废水。结果表明，PBS与聚硅酸铝PSA絮凝剂配合处理印染废水，在pH值为6∽8、混凝剂投加量为70mg／L的条件下，悬浮物(SS)、CODcr、硫化物和色度的去除率分别为92．6％、82．3％、94．5％和95．7％，其混凝脱色性能明显优于常规混凝剂。     

混凝沉淀法处理脱墨废水的研究

用混凝沉淀法处理脱墨废水,通过正交实验研究了混凝剂种类、混凝剂用量、助凝剂用量、pH值4因素对混凝法处理脱墨废水效果的影响.结果表明,混凝剂种类和用量、助凝剂均为影响脱墨废水混凝效果的关键因素,其中混凝剂聚合氯化铝(PAC)去除效果最好,确定脱墨废水的适宜处理条件为:选用PAC为混凝剂,用量200 mg/L;助凝剂PAM用量3 mg/L;pH值7 2,该条件下脱墨废水的CODCr去除率可达30％以上.     

微生物混凝剂预处理废纸造纸废水实验研究

废纸造纸系统高度封闭时无机盐的积累会引起造纸过程受阻和产品质量受损,在实验室制备了一种高效微生物混凝剂(MBF-6),并将其用于废纸造纸废水的处理.结果表明,在较宽pH值范围内,微生物混凝剂MBF-6对废水有很好的处理效果.在常温、pH值7.0、MBF-6用量25 mL/L的条件下,SS、CODCr的去除率分别为95%、83%;温度对SS去除率的影响不大,但对CODCr去除率的影响较大且低温有利于提岛CODcr去除率;与传统混凝剂Al2(SO4)3和FeCl3相比,微生物混凝剂MBF-6具有混凝沉降速度快且效果好的特点.     

阳离子染料印染废水的混凝处理

采用正交试验，用混凝剂聚合硫酸铁(PFS)、FeSO4分别与有机高分子助凝剂聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)复配，对腈纶印染废水进行混凝处理。考察了混凝剂的投加量、助凝剂的用量、溶液的pH值、混凝时间等对混凝效果的影响。研究结果表明：混凝剂选用FeSO4比PFS好，在溶液pH值为9、FeSO4投加量为1250mg／L、PAM用量为3mg／L、搅拌时间为3min时，可得到较为满意的废水处理效果，CODcr去除率达70％以上。     

混凝沉淀法处理脱墨废水

本刊讯齐齐哈尔大学史长伟用混凝沉淀法处理脱墨废水,通过正交实验研究了混凝剂种类、混凝剂用量、助凝剂用量、pH值4因素对混凝法处理脱墨废水效果的影响。结果表明,混凝剂种类和用量、助凝剂均为影响脱墨废水混凝效果的关键因素,其中混凝剂聚合氯化铝(PAC)去除效果最好,确定脱墨废水的适宜处理条件为:选用PAC为混凝剂,用量200mg·L-1;助凝剂PAM用量     

混凝法处理中性亚硫酸盐竹浆中段废水

对亚硫酸盐制浆中段废水进行了混凝处理。选用几种混凝剂在不同使用条件下对混凝效果进行分析比较．确定其最适pH值和最佳投药量：对不同的混凝剂在最佳条件下的SS、色度及CODcr去除率进行比较．选出处理此种废水较为适合的混凝剂。     

无机复合混凝剂处理造纸综合废水

用煤矸石及硫铁矿烧渣作原料制备了一种高效复合混凝剂聚硅酸铝铁(PSAF),并将其用于造纸综合废水的处理.结果表明,在较宽的pH值范围内,PSAF混凝剂对废水有很好的处理效果.在常温、pH值7.0、PSAF用量50mg/L的条件下,SS、CODCr和色度的去除率分别为96.5%、88.6%、92.3%;温度对CODCr去除率的影响不大;与传统混凝剂Al2(SO4)3和FeCl3相比,PSAF混凝剂具有混凝沉降速度快、处理废水后水中残余量低、处理废水费用低等特点.文中还探讨了混凝剂对造纸废水的混凝沉降机理.     

亚麻前处理废水混凝沉淀处理工艺的研究

采用混凝法对亚麻纤维前处理加工废水进行了处理,对最佳混凝剂及最佳混凝条件进行了研究。结果表明:混凝剂聚合氯化铝PAC为该亚麻纤维前处理加工废水处理的最佳混凝剂。考察了影响PAC处理该废水的影响因素:混凝剂用量、助凝剂聚丙烯酰胺PAM、pH和反应时间,通过正交试验确定混凝剂PAC处理该废水的最佳混凝条件为:pH=11,PAC用量为47 mL,助凝剂1 mL,反应40 min。在最佳混凝条件下,混凝脱色率可达75%以上,COD去除率达到70%,浊度去除率可达85%以上。     

造纸法烟草薄片废水混凝预处理

本刊讯华南理工大学制浆造纸工程国家重点实验室王玉峰等人以聚合氯化铝(PAC)和聚合硫酸铁(PFS)为混凝剂,4种不同类型的聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)为助凝剂,对造纸法烟草薄片废水进行混凝处理,分别考察了pH值、混凝剂用量、助凝剂用量对混凝效果的影响。结果表明,PAC与PFS对COD、氨氮和悬浮物(SS)去除率效果相当,但PAC的脱色效果更佳。相对分子质量700万、离子化度为15%的阳离子聚     

Textural Properties of Cold-set Gels Induced from Heat-denatured Whey Protein Isolates

A 9% whey protein (WP) isolate solution at pH 7.0 was heat-denatured at 80°C for 30 min. Size-exclusion HPLC showed that native WP formed soluble aggregates after heat-treatment. Additions of CaCl2 (10–40 mM), NaCl (50–400 mM) or glucono-delta-lactone (GDL, 0.4–2.0%, w/v) or hydrolysis by a protease from Bacillus licheniformis caused gelation of the denatured solution at 45°C. Textural parameters, hardness, adhesiveness, and cohesiveness of the gels so formed changed markedly with concentration of added salts or pH by added GDL. Maximum gel hardness occurred at 200 mM NaCl or pH 4.7. Increasing CaCl2 concentration continuously increased gel hardness. Generally, GDL-induced gels were harder than salt-induced gels, and much harder than the protease-induced gel.     

Occurrence of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in fish canned in oil

The levels of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) were quantified as part of a European survey on the migration of residues of epoxy resins into oil from canned fish. The contents of BFDGE in cans, lids and fish collected from all 15 Member States of the European Union and Switzerland were analysed in 382 samples. Cans and lids were separately extracted with acetonitrile. The extraction from fish was carried out with hexane followed by re-extraction with acetonitrile. The analysis was performed by reverse phase HPL C with fluorescence detection. BFDGE could be detected in 12% of the fish, 24% of the cans and 18% of the lids. Only 3% of the fish contained BFDGE in concentrations considerably above 1mg/kg. In addition to the presented data, a comparison was made with the levels of BADGE (bisphenol-A-diglycidyl ether)analysed in the same products in the context of a previous study.     

Contribution of European research to risk analysis

The European Commission's, Quality of Life Research Programme, Key Action 1—Health, Food & Nutrition is mission-oriented and aims, amongst other things, at providing a healthy, safe and high-quality food supply leading to reinforced consumer confidence in the safety of European food. Its objectives also include the enhancing of the competitiveness of the European food supply. Key Action 1 is currently supporting a number of different types of European collaborative projects in the area of risk analysis. The objectives of these projects range from the development and validation of prevention strategies including the reduction of consumers risks; development and validation of new modelling approaches; harmonization of risk assessment principles, methodologies, and terminology; standardization of methods and systems used for the safety evaluation of transgenic food; providing of tools for the evaluation of human viral contamination of shellfish and quality control; new methodologies for assessing the potential of unintended effects of genetically modified (genetically modified) foods; development of a risk assessment model for Cryptosporidium parvum related to the food and water industries; to the development of a communication platform for genetically modified organism, producers, retailers, regulatory authorities and consumer groups to improve safety assessment procedures, risk management strategies and risk communication; development and validation of new methods for safety testing of transgenic food; evaluation of the safety and efficacy of iron supplementation in pregnant women; evaluation of the potential cancer-preventing activity of pro- and pre-biotic ('synbiotic') combinations in human volunteers. An overview of these projects is presented here.     

低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性

为研究低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性,以经低温脱脂的带皮菜籽粕为原料,经微粉碎后筛分成212~425μm、150~212μm和106~150μm的3个不同粒级的微粉样品,检测这些样品的吸水性、吸油性、乳化性和乳化稳定性、蛋白质体外消化率。结果表明:1 3个不同粒级的微粉样品之间的粗纤维含量存在显著差异,表明三者的结构组成成分有一定差异。23个微粉样品的乳化活性和乳化稳定性随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。33个微粉样品的蛋白质体外消化率随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。4不同粒级带皮菜籽粕微粉样品的吸水性与吸油性受其结构组成物质不同和粒度的双重影响,与粒度的相关性不明显。     

Microbiology of food taints

Fresh and processed foods are often spoilt by the presence of undesirable flavours and odours caused by microbial action. The aim of this paper is to review the current knowledge of microbiologically induced taints that occur in a wide range of foodstuffs, including meats, poultry, fish, crustaceans, milk, dairy products, fruits, vegetables, cereals and cereal products. Examples have been chosen where the compounds responsible for the taint have been identified and sufficient data obtained to demonstrate the involvement of microorganisms. However, in some cases the full identity of the causative organism may not have been elucidated. The types of microorganisms covered by this review include bacteria, fungi, yeasts, actinomycetes and cyanobacteria. Although cyanobacteria do not in general infect foods, their presence in aqueous systems and water supplies can lead to off-flavours in aquatic organisms and processed foodstuffs. Several examples of each of these processes are discussed. Wherever possible, the likely biosynthetic pathway used by the microorganism to produce the offending compound in a foodstuff is indicated.     

Analysis for organic residues from aids to polymerization used to make plastics intended for food contact

Polymers intended for food contact use have been analysed for organic residues which could be attributed to a range of substances employed as polymerization aids (e.g. initiators and catalysts). A wide range of polymers was extracted with solvents and the extracts analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The overwhelming majority of substances identified were not derived from aids to polymerization but were oligomers, additives and adventitious contaminants. However, a small number of substances were identified as initiator residues. These included tetramethylsuccinonitrile (TMSN) which was observed in two polymers and it derived from recombination of two azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) initiator radicals. Methyl benzoate, benzoic acid, biphenyl and phenyl benzoate were detected in one poly(methyl methacrylate) sample and in two polyvinylchlorides and they are thought to be derived from benzoyl peroxide initiator. TMSN was subsequently targeted for analysis of poly-(methyl methacrylate) plastics using proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry (¹     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part II: Medium molecular weight permeants

Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of different medium molecular weight model permeants: bisphenol A, warfarin and anthracene, from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 microns-thick orientated polypropylene--OPP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. The characterization of permeation kinetics generally observed the permeation models previously reported to explain the experimental permeation results obtained for a low molecular weight group of model permeants. In general, the model permeants exhibited behaviour consistent with their relative molecular weights with respect to (a) the time taken to attain steady-state permeation into the food simulant in which they were more soluble, (b) their subsequent steady-state permeation rates, and (c) their partition between liquid paraffin and the OPP membrane.     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. I: Interlaboratory studies of methods of analysis

This paper describes the first part of a project undertaken to develop mussel reference materials for Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning (PSP) toxins. Two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin (STX) and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin (dc-STX) in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the second part of the project: the certification exercise. In the first study, 18 laboratories were asked to measure STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and to identify as many other PSP toxins as possible with a method of their choice. In the second interlaboratory study, 15 laboratories were additionally asked to determine quantitatively STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The first study revealed that three out of four postcolumn derivatization methods and one pre-column derivatization method sufficed in principle to determine STX and dc-STX. Most participants (13 of 18) obtained acceptable calibration curves and recoveries. Saxitoxin was hardly detected in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels and results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 58% at a mass fraction of 1.86 mg/kg. Most participants (14 out of 18) identified gonyautoxin-5 (GTX-5) in a hydrolysed extract provided. The first study led to provisional criteria for linearity, recovery and separation. The second study revealed that 6 out of 15 laboratories were able to meet these criteria. Results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 3.49mg/kg. Results obtained for STX in the saxitoxin-enriched material yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 0.34mg/kg. Saxitoxin could not be detected in the PSP-positive material. Hydrolysis was useful to confirm the identity of GTX5 and provided indicative information about C1 and C2 toxins in the PSP-positive material. The methods used in the second interlaboratory study showed sufficiently consistent analysis results to undertake a certification exercise to assign certified values for STX and dc-STX in lyophilized mussel.     

The Ministry of Environmental Protection Issued "Feasible Technology Guidelines for Pollution Prevention and Control in Wood Pulping Process of the Paper Industry (Trial)" and Two Other Guiding Technical Documents

On December 27t＂, 2013, the Ministry of Environmenta Protection announced that, in order to implement ＂The Environmental Protection Law of the People＇ s Republic of China＂, improve the working system in environmenta protection technologies, and promote technologica advancement in pollution prevention, the Ministry of Environmental Protection sponsored the formulation of three guiding technical documents including ＂Feasible Technology Guidelines for Pollution Prevention and Contro n Wood Pulping Process of the Paper Industry （Trial）＂     

1~(st) Intelli-Tissue~ EcoEc Tissue Machine Supplied by PMP Group Successfully Put into Operation in China

正On April 29th,2014,Intelli-Tissue EcoEc tissue machine supplied by PMP Group successfully put into operation at Hebei Xuesong Paper Co.,Ltd.,this is the first such kind of paper machine of PMP Group in China.