原生质体紫外诱变选育木聚糖酶高产菌株

采用紫外诱变选育木聚糖酶高产菌株,通过对出发菌株Thermomyces lanuginosus DSM10635原生质体形成条件及诱变条件的研究,探索出了其原生质体形成的最适条件:酶系及酶解浓度为0.010g/mL纤维素酶+0.010g/mL蜗牛酶(体积比1:1混合),菌龄58h,酶解时间2.5h,酶解温度30℃~34℃,稳渗剂为0.6mol/L的甘露醇;紫外诱变的最佳条件:距离15W紫外灯30cm处,照射时间5min,通过初筛和复筛,最终选育出3株遗传性能稳定的木聚糖酶高产诱变株,木聚糖酶的酶活分别提高了26.5%、37.78%、28.2%。     

美味牛肝菌胞外多糖高产菌株的诱变选育

对美味牛肝菌胞外多糖的高产菌株进行了诱变选育。结果表明,美味牛肝菌原生质体制备的最佳条件是56 h菌龄的菌丝体,酶解温度31~35℃,酶解时间2 h,2%纤维素酶和蜗牛酶体积比1∶1,稳渗剂0.010 92 g/mL的甘露醇;原生质体产量是3.71×105个/mL,再生率是7.32%;15 W紫外灯30 cm处照射时间6 min,对原生质体进行诱变处理。选育出一株胞外多糖产量比原始菌株高30.40%的菌株。     

酯化红曲霉原生质体制备及紫外线诱变育种

以红色红曲霉（Monascus ruber）为出发菌株,用混合酶制取原生质体并对原生质体形成条件进行探讨,并进行紫外诱变选育。采用50h菌龄的菌丝体,使用蜗牛酶（0.6%）＋溶菌酶（0.4%）＋纤维素酶（0.6%）的复合酶液,30℃酶解2h,在该条件下原生质体浓度可达7.8×106个/mL,再生率为7.3%。在最佳紫外照射时间80s下,突变株经筛选,得到一株酯化酶活显著提高、遗传性能稳定的诱变株HN215-6,其酶活达468.4mg/100mL,比出发菌株HN215提高了1.66倍。     

一株高产黑色素暗盘菌菌株的选育

研究黑色素暗盘菌Plectania YM421原生质体制备的最佳条件,并对该原生质体进行紫外诱变以获得高产黑色素菌株。结果表明：在质量浓度为2.5g/100mL蜗牛酶,33℃酶解3h的条件下,Plectania YM421原生质体形成率最高;在距离20W紫外灯下30cm处,紫外诱变时间在15～25s之间时,获得突变株YM421-2#黑色素的产量较出发菌株提高了10.03%,生物量提高了11.33%。该突变株可以作为黑色素工业生产的候选菌株。     

自选菠萝果酒酵母菌的诱变育种

以1株自行分离的菠萝果酒酵母菌H10为出发菌株,制备原生质体后进行紫外诱变选育优良突变菌株。优化了酶法制备菠萝果酒酵母原生质体的工艺条件和紫外照射时间,并对诱变菌株进行初筛和复筛。结果表明:菌龄10 h、在酶解温度32℃、酶解液pH6.2、酶解时间90 min为原生质体制备的最佳工艺条件;最优紫外灯照射时间为150 s;诱变菌株经过初筛和复筛后,得到1株对菠萝汁发酵能力强,产香能力好,耐乙醇和SO2,遗传稳定性好,适合热带地区菠萝酒生产的的优良酵母菌株H10-15。     

紫外诱变球毛壳霉原生质体选育木聚糖酶高产菌株

[目的]对球毛壳霉原生质体进行紫外诱变处理筛选出一株高产木聚糖酶菌株.[方法]实验在不同条件下制备球毛壳霉(Chaetomium globosum AS3.3601)原生质体,分析不同酶浓度、酶解温度和时间对原生质体生成率和再生率的影响,利用单因素实验确定了紫外线诱变剂量,经初筛和复筛后,DNS法测定木聚糖酶活性.[结果]结果表明:结合原生质体的生成率和再生率确定其最佳制备条件为酶浓度1.5％,酶解温度30℃,酶解时间4h,在紫外照射时间60s下处理过的原生质体,木聚糖酶活性可达到9980IU/mL.[结论]获得的诱变菌株YZ-8比原始菌株提高了92.6％,此菌株经多次传代,遗传性能稳定.     

原生质体紫外诱变技术在核糖菌种选育中的应用

本文采用原生质体紫外诱变技术,经过硫酸二乙酯(DES)诱变后筛选出的NO3菌。采用溶菌酶浓度0.8mg/ml,酶解温度36℃,酶解时间120min,获得原生质体;采用10s作为紫外原生质体诱变的作用时间,选育出一株稳定的核糖生产菌TJ3,该菌具有莽草酸营养缺陷,耐高糖、以核糖为唯一碳源不生长等遗传标记。     

氯化锂诱变黑曲霉原生质体选育高产植酸酶菌株

采用氯化锂诱变黑曲霉原生质体,筛选高产植酸酶菌株。获得制备黑曲霉原生质体的最适条件:纤维素酶1.0%,蜗牛酶0.5%,菌龄24 h,酶解温度30℃,酶解时间2 h,渗透压稳定剂0.7 mol/L NaCl。采用氯化锂对制得的原生质体进行诱变,结果表明:经0.15%LiCl诱变后,原生质体存活率为23.37%,此时,获得一株植酸酶活最高的突变株,为19.24 U/mL,比出发菌株提高54.41%,该菌株具有良好的遗传稳定性。     

原生质体紫外诱变技术在该糖菌种选育中的应用

本文采用原生质体紫外诱变技术，经过硫酸二乙酯（DES）诱变后筛选出的NO3菌。采用溶菌酶浓度0.8mg/ml，酶解温度36℃，酶解时间120min，获得原生质体；采用10s作为紫外原生质体诱变的作用时间，选育出一株稳定的核糖生产菌TJ3，该菌具有莽草酸营养缺陷，而高糖、以核糖为唯一碳源不生长等遗传标记。     

诱变选育高产多糖荷叶离褶伞新菌株

以荷叶离褶伞ZY48-1为出发菌株,通过原生质体紫外诱变,筛选高产多糖菌株.结果表明,原生质体制备再生的最佳条件为:0.6mol/L蔗糖稳渗剂、1％溶壁酶+0.5％蜗牛酶混合酶液、菌龄72h、30℃酶解2.5h,原生质体得率为5.76×105个/mg,原生质体再生率为7.81％;筛选到突变菌株ZY481-1,多糖含量643.1961mg/g,较出发菌株高出31.05％.经10次传代,多糖含量保持稳定.     

Textural Properties of Cold-set Gels Induced from Heat-denatured Whey Protein Isolates

A 9% whey protein (WP) isolate solution at pH 7.0 was heat-denatured at 80°C for 30 min. Size-exclusion HPLC showed that native WP formed soluble aggregates after heat-treatment. Additions of CaCl2 (10–40 mM), NaCl (50–400 mM) or glucono-delta-lactone (GDL, 0.4–2.0%, w/v) or hydrolysis by a protease from Bacillus licheniformis caused gelation of the denatured solution at 45°C. Textural parameters, hardness, adhesiveness, and cohesiveness of the gels so formed changed markedly with concentration of added salts or pH by added GDL. Maximum gel hardness occurred at 200 mM NaCl or pH 4.7. Increasing CaCl2 concentration continuously increased gel hardness. Generally, GDL-induced gels were harder than salt-induced gels, and much harder than the protease-induced gel.     

Occurrence of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in fish canned in oil

The levels of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) were quantified as part of a European survey on the migration of residues of epoxy resins into oil from canned fish. The contents of BFDGE in cans, lids and fish collected from all 15 Member States of the European Union and Switzerland were analysed in 382 samples. Cans and lids were separately extracted with acetonitrile. The extraction from fish was carried out with hexane followed by re-extraction with acetonitrile. The analysis was performed by reverse phase HPL C with fluorescence detection. BFDGE could be detected in 12% of the fish, 24% of the cans and 18% of the lids. Only 3% of the fish contained BFDGE in concentrations considerably above 1mg/kg. In addition to the presented data, a comparison was made with the levels of BADGE (bisphenol-A-diglycidyl ether)analysed in the same products in the context of a previous study.     

Contribution of European research to risk analysis

The European Commission's, Quality of Life Research Programme, Key Action 1—Health, Food & Nutrition is mission-oriented and aims, amongst other things, at providing a healthy, safe and high-quality food supply leading to reinforced consumer confidence in the safety of European food. Its objectives also include the enhancing of the competitiveness of the European food supply. Key Action 1 is currently supporting a number of different types of European collaborative projects in the area of risk analysis. The objectives of these projects range from the development and validation of prevention strategies including the reduction of consumers risks; development and validation of new modelling approaches; harmonization of risk assessment principles, methodologies, and terminology; standardization of methods and systems used for the safety evaluation of transgenic food; providing of tools for the evaluation of human viral contamination of shellfish and quality control; new methodologies for assessing the potential of unintended effects of genetically modified (genetically modified) foods; development of a risk assessment model for Cryptosporidium parvum related to the food and water industries; to the development of a communication platform for genetically modified organism, producers, retailers, regulatory authorities and consumer groups to improve safety assessment procedures, risk management strategies and risk communication; development and validation of new methods for safety testing of transgenic food; evaluation of the safety and efficacy of iron supplementation in pregnant women; evaluation of the potential cancer-preventing activity of pro- and pre-biotic ('synbiotic') combinations in human volunteers. An overview of these projects is presented here.     

低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性

为研究低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性,以经低温脱脂的带皮菜籽粕为原料,经微粉碎后筛分成212~425μm、150~212μm和106~150μm的3个不同粒级的微粉样品,检测这些样品的吸水性、吸油性、乳化性和乳化稳定性、蛋白质体外消化率。结果表明:1 3个不同粒级的微粉样品之间的粗纤维含量存在显著差异,表明三者的结构组成成分有一定差异。23个微粉样品的乳化活性和乳化稳定性随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。33个微粉样品的蛋白质体外消化率随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。4不同粒级带皮菜籽粕微粉样品的吸水性与吸油性受其结构组成物质不同和粒度的双重影响,与粒度的相关性不明显。     

Microbiology of food taints

Fresh and processed foods are often spoilt by the presence of undesirable flavours and odours caused by microbial action. The aim of this paper is to review the current knowledge of microbiologically induced taints that occur in a wide range of foodstuffs, including meats, poultry, fish, crustaceans, milk, dairy products, fruits, vegetables, cereals and cereal products. Examples have been chosen where the compounds responsible for the taint have been identified and sufficient data obtained to demonstrate the involvement of microorganisms. However, in some cases the full identity of the causative organism may not have been elucidated. The types of microorganisms covered by this review include bacteria, fungi, yeasts, actinomycetes and cyanobacteria. Although cyanobacteria do not in general infect foods, their presence in aqueous systems and water supplies can lead to off-flavours in aquatic organisms and processed foodstuffs. Several examples of each of these processes are discussed. Wherever possible, the likely biosynthetic pathway used by the microorganism to produce the offending compound in a foodstuff is indicated.     

Analysis for organic residues from aids to polymerization used to make plastics intended for food contact

Polymers intended for food contact use have been analysed for organic residues which could be attributed to a range of substances employed as polymerization aids (e.g. initiators and catalysts). A wide range of polymers was extracted with solvents and the extracts analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The overwhelming majority of substances identified were not derived from aids to polymerization but were oligomers, additives and adventitious contaminants. However, a small number of substances were identified as initiator residues. These included tetramethylsuccinonitrile (TMSN) which was observed in two polymers and it derived from recombination of two azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) initiator radicals. Methyl benzoate, benzoic acid, biphenyl and phenyl benzoate were detected in one poly(methyl methacrylate) sample and in two polyvinylchlorides and they are thought to be derived from benzoyl peroxide initiator. TMSN was subsequently targeted for analysis of poly-(methyl methacrylate) plastics using proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry (¹     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part II: Medium molecular weight permeants

Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of different medium molecular weight model permeants: bisphenol A, warfarin and anthracene, from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 microns-thick orientated polypropylene--OPP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. The characterization of permeation kinetics generally observed the permeation models previously reported to explain the experimental permeation results obtained for a low molecular weight group of model permeants. In general, the model permeants exhibited behaviour consistent with their relative molecular weights with respect to (a) the time taken to attain steady-state permeation into the food simulant in which they were more soluble, (b) their subsequent steady-state permeation rates, and (c) their partition between liquid paraffin and the OPP membrane.     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. I: Interlaboratory studies of methods of analysis

This paper describes the first part of a project undertaken to develop mussel reference materials for Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning (PSP) toxins. Two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin (STX) and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin (dc-STX) in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the second part of the project: the certification exercise. In the first study, 18 laboratories were asked to measure STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and to identify as many other PSP toxins as possible with a method of their choice. In the second interlaboratory study, 15 laboratories were additionally asked to determine quantitatively STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The first study revealed that three out of four postcolumn derivatization methods and one pre-column derivatization method sufficed in principle to determine STX and dc-STX. Most participants (13 of 18) obtained acceptable calibration curves and recoveries. Saxitoxin was hardly detected in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels and results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 58% at a mass fraction of 1.86 mg/kg. Most participants (14 out of 18) identified gonyautoxin-5 (GTX-5) in a hydrolysed extract provided. The first study led to provisional criteria for linearity, recovery and separation. The second study revealed that 6 out of 15 laboratories were able to meet these criteria. Results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 3.49mg/kg. Results obtained for STX in the saxitoxin-enriched material yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 0.34mg/kg. Saxitoxin could not be detected in the PSP-positive material. Hydrolysis was useful to confirm the identity of GTX5 and provided indicative information about C1 and C2 toxins in the PSP-positive material. The methods used in the second interlaboratory study showed sufficiently consistent analysis results to undertake a certification exercise to assign certified values for STX and dc-STX in lyophilized mussel.     

The Ministry of Environmental Protection Issued "Feasible Technology Guidelines for Pollution Prevention and Control in Wood Pulping Process of the Paper Industry (Trial)" and Two Other Guiding Technical Documents

On December 27t＂, 2013, the Ministry of Environmenta Protection announced that, in order to implement ＂The Environmental Protection Law of the People＇ s Republic of China＂, improve the working system in environmenta protection technologies, and promote technologica advancement in pollution prevention, the Ministry of Environmental Protection sponsored the formulation of three guiding technical documents including ＂Feasible Technology Guidelines for Pollution Prevention and Contro n Wood Pulping Process of the Paper Industry （Trial）＂     

1~(st) Intelli-Tissue~ EcoEc Tissue Machine Supplied by PMP Group Successfully Put into Operation in China

正On April 29th,2014,Intelli-Tissue EcoEc tissue machine supplied by PMP Group successfully put into operation at Hebei Xuesong Paper Co.,Ltd.,this is the first such kind of paper machine of PMP Group in China.