揭开中国品牌的民族封印

知之者不如好之者,好之者不如乐之者。民族品牌的文化烙印最终可归结到对品牌、对消费者、对文化、对价值观、对世界的态度。以创新之精神,揭开民族封印,中国品牌将大放华采。     

女套装对条对格的探讨

女套装采用条格面料制作，要使其对条对格是一件较困难的事。本文就女套装对条对格的原理与制作工艺路线进行了探讨，并提出了对条对格对纸样、排料及缝制等方面的具体要求。     

喷水织机上喷水引纬力的研究

建立喷射水流对纬纱牵引力的模型 ,给出了喷射水流对纬纱牵引力的经验公式。该公式对喷水引纬理论的进一步研究和对生产实践具有积极意义。     

香兰素抑菌作用的研究

用平板稀释法测定香兰素对细菌及真菌的抑菌作用。结果表明,香兰素具有较强的抑菌作用。对大肠杆菌的最低抑菌浓度(MIC)为0.235%,对金黄色葡萄球菌的最低抑菌浓度为0.294%,对酵母菌的最低抑菌浓度为0.118%,对黑曲霉的最低抑菌浓度为0.059%。     

紫外线照射白腐菌对己内酰胺分解及聚酰胺6降解的影响

为减少废弃己内酰胺及聚酰胺6对环境的污染,采用紫外线对白腐菌进行诱变,以提高其对己内酰胺的生物分解和对聚酰胺6的生物降解性能。研究结果表明:白腐菌对己内酰胺有较好的生物分解性;紫外线诱变后白腐菌对己内酰胺的分解性能有很大提高;诱变后的白腐菌对聚酰胺6薄膜有很明显的刻蚀,降解效果较好;对聚酰胺6纤维也有较明显的刻蚀斑痕,从而可实现微生物对己内酰胺的生物分解及对聚酰胺6的生物降解。     

酿酒酵母对锦鲤鱼体内铜、汞、镉三种重金属排除效果的比较研究

通过对锦鲤鱼幼鱼进行铜、汞、镉的单一重金属积累实验和排除实验,研究了以酿酒酵母作为饲料添加剂对锦鲤鱼内脏、鳃和肉的排除作用效果。结果表明,酿酒酵母对锦鲤鱼体内脏、鳃和肌肉中积累的铜、汞、镉均有排除作用,其中对Cu的排除效果比较为肌肉>鳃>内脏;对Hg的排除效果比较为内脏>肌肉>鳃;对Cd的排除效果比较为肌肉≈内脏>鳃。综合比较得出,酿酒酵母对鱼体内Cd和Hg的排除效果显著,可以排除鱼肉中绝大多数的重金属离子。对Cu的排除效果相对减弱。酿酒酵母对鱼体内的重金属排除效果主要体现在内脏和肌肉中,而对鱼鳃的排除效果不明显。     

对羟基苯甲酸酯类对杏果采后病害的控制

通过离体和体内实验研究对羟基苯甲酸酯类处理对杏果采后黑斑病和软腐病的控制。离体实验结果表明,对羟基苯甲酸酯类对互隔交链孢（Alternaria alternata）和匍枝根霉（Rhizopus stolonifer）菌丝生长具有一定的抑制作用,其中对羟基苯甲酸乙酯和对羟基苯甲酸丁酯抑制效果较好,并随着处理剂量的增加抑制效果显著增加,100 μL/L对羟基苯甲酸丁酯对A. alternata和R. stolonifer菌落生长的抑制效果佳,其对菌落直径的抑菌率分别达到了23.70%和62.48%,同时发现对羟基苯甲酸酯类对R. stolonifer的抑制作用较强。体内实验结果表明,对羟基苯甲酸酯类能有效地控制损伤接种的杏果黑斑病和软腐病的扩展,对软腐病的控制效果较好。其中240 μL/L的对羟基苯甲酸乙酯对杏果黑斑病和软腐病的抑制效果最佳。进一步通过正交试验确定了对羟基苯甲酸酯类与热水复合对杏果的最佳防腐处理条件为32 μL/L的对羟基苯甲酸丙酯,在50 ℃热水中浸泡7 min,该复合对采后杏果的病害控制效果最佳,验证实验表明,其对黑斑病和软腐病的抑菌率分别达到了32.22%和51.84%。     

不同分子量壳聚糖对大肠杆菌抑制作用规律及其机理探讨

考察了不同分子量的壳聚糖对大肠杆菌的抗菌、抑菌作用的影响规律,并利用壳聚糖的席夫碱反应对其氨基加以保护,初步提出了壳聚糖对大肠杆菌的抗菌机理。研究结果表明,壳聚糖分子量越小,对大肠杆菌的抗菌作用越明显;壳聚糖对大肠杆菌的抑菌作用与其氨基的质子化有关。     

澳大利亚对原产于法国和韩国的新闻纸做出反倾销初裁

2015年1月30日,澳大利亚对原产于法国和韩国的新闻纸做出反倾销初裁。其中,对韩国涉案产品裁决如下：（1）韩国全州纸业公司（Jeonju Paper Corporation）对澳大利亚出口涉案产品不存在倾销;（2）韩国其他企业对澳大利亚出口涉案产品对澳大利亚国内企业未造成实质性损害。根据上述裁决,澳大利亚反倾销委员会终止对原产于韩国的新闻纸的反倾销调查。对法国涉案产品裁决如下：     

环球纸业

澳大利亚对原产于法国和韩国的新闻纸做出反倾销初裁
　　2015年1月30日,澳大利亚对原产于法国和韩国的新闻纸做出反倾销初裁。其中,对韩国涉案产品裁决如下：（1）韩国全州纸业公司（Jeonju Paper Corporation）对澳大利亚出口涉案产品不存在倾销;（2）韩国其他企业对澳大利亚出口涉案产品对澳大利亚国内企业未造成实质性损害。根据上述裁决,澳大利亚反倾销委员会终止对原产于韩国的新闻纸的反倾销调查。对法国涉案产品裁决如下：澳大利亚自法国进口的涉案产品存在倾销,对澳大利亚国内企业造成了实质性损害,且倾销与实质性损害之间存在因果关系,因此对原产于法国的新闻纸征收5.1％的临时反倾销税。涉案产品海关编码为4801.00.20、4801.00.31、4801.00.39。     

THIOLS AND DISULPHIDES IN QUIESCENT AND GERMINATING BARLEY GRAINS,BOTH DORMANT AND MATURE

Reduced and oxidised glutathione, cysteine, cystine and traces (too small to quantify) of γ-glutamyl-cysteine and cysteinylglycine were detected, in about the same amounts, in extracts of the embryos of dormant and mature barleys. During micromalting the levels of the thiols and disulphides altered in various ways, but altered in the same ways in dormant and mature samples of grain until germination began. An early decline in the glutathione content of embryos was mirrored by a rise in the amount in degermed grains. Histochemical tests and analyses of isolated tissues showed that in the quiescent grains thiols were concentrated in the embryo (particularly the scutellum) and in the aleurone layer and isolated embryos released thiols into an incubation medium. We conclude that the endogenous thiols and disulphides are not obviously involved in the regulation of dormancy.     

不同季节大曲生产过程中真菌群落结构的演变

采用高通量测序技术和多元统计方法,对比研究夏秋两季高温大曲生产过程中的真菌群落结构及其演变。结果表明,夏季大曲的主要真菌有14个属,秋季大曲有17个属,且夏季大曲的主要真菌在秋季大曲中均存在;Pichia、Saccharomycopsis和Wickerhamomyces是夏秋两季大曲生产起始的主要真菌,其中Pichia是秋季大曲生产全程的主要真菌类群,Thermoascus是夏季大曲发酵后期的优势真菌类群;秋季大曲生产过程中真菌类群数量更多,而夏季大曲真菌物种分布更均匀;夏秋两季大曲生产过程可分为2个阶段,分别以8d和12d为分界线,秋季大曲生产过程更易受外界条件影响,特别是生产前期。     

Origin and fate of 2,4,6-trichloroanisole in cork bark and wine corks

2,4,6-Trichloroanisole (TCA), which is a major cause of cork taint in bottled wine, is already present in the bark of living cork trees to the extent that it can account for the majority of incidences of cork taint in bottled wine. Other post-harvest sources of TCA are known and may add to the forest-derived TCA in cork. Both the origin of TCA in the bark in the forest, and the means by which additional TCA can accumulate in the corks during manufacture, have been examined. TCA can originate from 2,4,6-trichlorophenol (TCP) produced from naturally-occurring phenol and chlorine from sanitisers and cleaning products, and town water. Also, chlorophenol biocides have accumulated in the environment due to the large quantities used in previous times – TCP has been a minor impurity in pentachlorophenol biocides and a major ingredient in other preparations. There is some evidence that chlorophenols were used in pest management in the forest prior to restrictions on the use of these materials. The factors affecting the uptake and loss of TCA by the bark on the tree and by corks during production, and through to their use in the bottling of wine have been considered in this review.     

Eucalyptus increases ceramide levels in keratinocytes and improves stratum corneum function

The objectives of this study were to identify a plant extract that would improve stratum corneum functions and to elucidate the mechanism(s) involved. Based on the information that stratum corneum functions depend on the level of ceramide in the stratum corneum, we identified a Eucalyptus extract that was able to increase the level of ceramide in human keratinocytes in culture and in human stratum corneum and that improves the stratum corneum water holding and barrier functions. Addition of the Eucalyptus extract to human keratinocytes in culture increased the level of ceramide in a dose-dependent manner and also increased the biosynthesis of ceramide, glucosylceramide and sphingomyelin. Topical application of the Eucalyptus extract on the dry skin of human subjects induced by acetone and diethylether treatment resulted in a significant increase in ceramide level in the stratum corneum, a significant improvement in its water-holding function and an improvement in its barrier function. The addition of macrocarpal A, one of the main components of the Eucalyptus extract, to human keratinocytes in culture increased the level of ceramide and the mRNA expression of serine palmitoyltransferase, acid sphingomyelinase, neutral sphingomyelinase, glucosylceramide synthase and glucocerebrosidase in a dose-dependent manner. Our results indicate that the increased content of ceramides in the stratum corneum may underlie the therapeutic effect of the Eucalyptus extract. Our results also indicate the possibility that macrocarpal A is the key component that stimulates the synthesis of ceramide in the stratum corneum.     

Effect of plastic permeability and exposure to light during storage on the quality of minimally processed broccoli and cauliflower

The impact of lighting on minimally processed broccoli and cauliflower packaged in four different film types (PVC and three P-Plus) has been measured and compared. The effect on the sensory quality of storage at 4 °C in darkness and under lighting was evaluated. The gas concentration in the packages, pH, mesophilic counts and weight loss was also determined.Neither the type of film used for packaging nor the storage conditions led to changes in the evolution of pH or the microorganism count in broccoli and cauliflower. However, exposure to light stimulated stomatic opening facilitate the exchange of gases between the plant tissue and the atmosphere within the packaging. Thus, a considerable loss of water vapor was observed in the packages of both vegetables stored in the presence of illumination. Moreover, exposure to light stimulated respiratory activity so that for the cauliflower, the composition of the atmosphere within the packages varied depending on the permeability of the packaging film used and the storage conditions. However, in the case of the broccoli, the increase in respiratory activity due to the lighting was compensated by the photosynthetic activity which took place in these conditions, in such a way that the composition of the atmosphere inside the packs solely depended on the permeability of the film.This difference in the physiological response conditioned the most suitable kind of packaging film in each case. For cauliflower, in conditions of darkness, P-Plus 120 film proved the most suitable for preserving its sensory qualities, while under conditions of lighting, this film did not prove suitable due to its low permeability. However, in broccoli the different packaging films tested behaved in a very similar way whether stored under lighting or in the dark.     

印刷材料VOCs含量测试简

挥发性有机化合物（VOCs）是主要的大气污染物,含有VOCs的印刷材料是印刷行业的污染源之一.本研究对印刷中使用的油墨、润版液、洗车水、胶黏剂、光油等主要原材料的VOCs含量进行测试比较,基于此,对各种印刷材料VOCs含量水平进行排序.测试结果表明,不同印刷方式所使用的油墨VOCs含量不同,凹印油墨的VOCs含量最多,溶剂型柔印油墨次之,单张纸胶印油墨相对较少;针对胶印印刷材料进行分析,润版液和洗车水是最主要的VOCs污染源,水性胶黏剂和光油的VOCs含量相对较小.因此,在制定相关的绿色印刷标准时应设立对印刷原材料VOCs含量的限值标准,以保证绿色印刷的准确评价和实施.     

Changes in the microbiological and chemical characteristics of an artisanal, low-fat cheese made from raw ovine milk during ripening

Changes in the microbial flora of batzos cheese made from raw ovine milk were studied during ripening. Lactic acid bacteria and Enterobacteriaceae were the predominant groups of micro-organisms. Cheeses manufactured in summer had higher microbial counts than those made in spring, with the exception of staphylococci. Nevertheless, Enterobacteriaceae and coliforms decreased more rapidly in cheese made in summer and counts at the end of storage were lower than those in spring cheese.
Enterococci predominated in the ripened curd of cheese made in spring, whereas lactobacilli were the most abundant lactic acid bacteria in cheese made in summer. Enterococcus faecium was the predominant species in spring, and Lactobacillus paracasei ssp. paracasei predominated in cheese made in summer. The pH of the cheeses was > 5.0 throughout ripening, and NaCl-in-moisture content (> 8.0%) permitted the growth and survival of salt-tolerant micro-organisms. α_s1-Casein degraded at a faster rate than β-casein; both caseins were hydrolysed more rapidly in spring than in summer. The free amino acid content became higher in summer cheese (566.24–3460.25 µg/g of glycine equivalent) than in spring cheese because of the progress of ripening. Moreover, the milk fat of the cheese was degraded more in the summer than in the spring. The results suggest that there could be advantages to using starter cultures and improving the level of hygiene during milk and cheese production in order to eliminate undesirable micro-organisms and standardize cheese quality.     

Assessment of endogenous androgen levels in meat,liver and testis of Iranian native cross-breed male sheep and bull by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry

Androgenic steroids always exist in different animal tissues at trace level, with significant numbers of interfering compounds, which makes their determination difficult. To solve some of the problems in quantification of the natural steroids in those tissues, a new GC-MS method was developed in this study. By using a surrogate analyte approach, which was developed in the authors’ previous studies, and extensive sample preparation procedure, which successfully eliminates many of the interfering compounds and resulting in a cleaner extract, accuracy, precision, sensitivity and selectivity of the method for the determination of steroids in complex matrices such as meat, liver and testis were improved. By aid of this method, the levels of androgens in different tissues of Iranian native cross-breed bulls and male sheep were determined. According to the results obtained in the present study, although the androgenic profile (contents and ratios of precursors and metabolites to the main hormones) is similar between the same tissues of both animals, the total androgenic content of each tissue is higher in the bull than the same tissue in male sheep. In addition, in both animals higher amount of androgens were found in liver in comparison with meat and testis.     

2000年～2001年食品中金属污染监测质量控制结果与分析

为了更好地实施食品污染物监测计划，确保污染物监测数据的准确性和可靠性，我们采用盲样考核的形式，于2000年和2001年分别组织全国10个省级实验室进行了金属污染物的实验室分析质量控制，质控结果：砷和镉各有1个实验室的测定值在3倍标准差之外，判定为离群值；有3个实验室汞的测定结果落在标准值范围内，其余均高于标准值，说明汞的测定存在较大的系统误差；2000年铅的测定结果变异较大，通过分析原因2001年重新进行了铅的测定，分析结果有明显改善，有6个实验室测定结果落在标准值范围内，所有实验室的测定结果均在3倍标准差范围内。     

乳酸杆菌对人体肠道黄曲霉毒素排泄的影响

目的寻找减少人体肠道对黄曲霉毒素吸收、增加其排泄的有效手段.方法随机抽取广州某高校300名健康青年男性学生,尿检AFM1阳性者,志愿者83例随机分为2组,双盲法分别给予乳酸杆菌胶囊和安慰剂胶囊,收集服用胶囊第1周、第3周、第5周和停用胶囊后的粪便样本测定AFT排泄量.结果男性健康青年学生尿AFM1阳性率50%;乳酸杆菌组第1周第1次粪便样本AFT排泄量显著高于安慰剂组(p<0.05).结论广州某高校青年男性学生有较高的AFT污染率;乳酸杆菌可影响人体肠道黄曲霉毒素的排泄,其有效剂量和排泄机制有待于进一步研究.