修饰预糊化木薯淀粉性能研究

介绍了经化学修饰后再进行预糊化制备得到的修饰预糊化木薯淀粉的性能，并与国产预糊化木薯淀粉和泰国泰花牌预糊化木薯淀粉的性能进行了比较。结果表明：修饰预糊化木薯淀粉的性能达到且超过泰国泰花牌预糊化木薯淀粉的性能，远远优于国产预糊化木薯淀粉。     

预糊化淀粉在食品中的应用

本文介绍了预糊化淀粉的性质及其在食品中的应用。糊化度是预糊化淀粉的一个重要质量指标 ,因此同时简要介绍了检测和提高产品糊化度的方法。     

预糊化淀粉制备新工艺的研究

以玉米淀粉为原料,采用新工艺制备出预糊化淀粉。并对糊化温度、糊化时间、pH值、淀粉浆质量分数以及脱水过程中乙醇加入量对预糊化淀粉粘度的影响进行了研究。通过正交实验,确定出制备预糊化淀粉的最佳工艺参数为:糊化温度95℃,糊化时间3 h,pH值为8,淀粉浆质量分数5%。     

冷水可溶性淀粉制备的新工艺

<正>传统的冷水可溶淀粉制备工艺是将普通淀粉加水调成淀粉乳,加热预糊化后,再用滚筒干燥而得。此工艺的一个缺点是破坏了淀粉的完整性从而降低了成品的糊粘度,从一定角度上削弱了淀粉的应用特性,并限制了淀粉的应用范围。而其它的方法(如普通的挤压膨化法和淀粉糊化后再喷雾干燥法)制备预糊化淀粉也是如此。由于这方面原因,国外研制出了以下几种制备冷水可溶淀粉的新工艺,现作简单介绍如下:     

变性淀粉对海绵蛋糕品质影响

研究预糊化乙酰化二淀粉磷酸酯、预糊化玉米淀粉和预糊化羟丙基二淀粉磷酸酯对蛋糕比容、水分活度和组织结构等方面影响。结果表明:添加0.20%预糊化乙酰化二淀粉磷酸酯可增大蛋糕体积;添加0.40%~0.80%预糊化玉米淀粉对降低蛋糕水分活度效果明显;添加0.20%预糊化羟丙基二淀粉磷酸酯对延缓蛋糕老化效果最为显著。     

预糊化变性淀粉在麻糬面包中的应用

本文研究了预糊化木薯变性淀粉、预糊化马铃薯变性淀粉、预糊化玉米变性淀粉和预糊化大米粉对麻糬面包的感官评价、比容、弹性的影响,分析了预糊化变性淀粉的布拉班德粘度曲线,结果表明,预糊化木薯变性淀粉与预糊化马铃薯变性淀粉制作的麻糬面包口感及外观较好,而预糊化玉米变性淀粉与预糊化大米粉制作的产品口感不佳、比容小,预糊化木薯变性淀粉与预糊化马铃薯变性淀粉质量比为1:1时,麻糬面包加工性能好、口感清爽、弹性强、比容较大、保型性佳。     

蜡质玉米改性淀粉物化及形态学特性比较研究

将蜡质玉米通过湿法制粉工艺提取粗淀粉,经过脱水、脱脂、脱蛋白工艺制备蜡质玉米淀粉,采取加热糊化、高锰酸钾氧化的方法来制备蜡质玉米预糊化淀粉、氧化淀粉。研究了2种改性蜡质玉米淀粉的物化性质和形态学特性,结果表明:蜡质玉米淀粉的颗粒形状多数为规则的多角形,少量为圆形,颗粒表面较粗糙,无孔洞;氧化淀粉颗粒形状多为圆形,少量多角形,颗粒大小比原淀粉小;预糊化淀粉聚积成团,形状为不规则的多角形,表面变粗糙,有孔洞;改性淀粉相比原淀粉溶解率及溶胀度都有所改善;氧化、预糊化淀粉的持水能力也比原淀粉好;淀粉经过氧化、预糊化后其透明度、冻融稳定性及抗凝沉性也有所提高。本文的研究为蜡质玉米淀粉及其改性淀粉在食品行业中应用起到了推进作用。     

预糊化淀粉

<正> 1、前言预糊化淀粉的原文是“Pregelatinized starch”,直译是“预凝胶淀粉”,但由于淀粉呈凝胶状态前必经糊化,因而译为“预糊化淀粉”。天然原淀粉通常为β淀粉,为区别起见,又称预糊化淀粉为α淀粉,同时将预糊化淀粉的凝胶过程称为α化。原淀粉具有微结晶(胶束)结构,冷水中不溶解膨胀,对淀粉酶不敏感,这种状态的淀粉称为β淀粉。将β淀粉在一定量的水存在下加热,使之糊化,规律排列的胶束结构被破坏,分子间氢键断开,水分子进入其间。这时在偏光显微镜下观察失去双折射现象,结晶构造消失,并且易接受酶的作用,这种结构称     

乌冬面专用变性淀粉及其结构表征

采用交联―酯化―预糊化复合变性制备乌冬面专用改性淀粉,并与木薯原淀粉、交联淀粉及交联―酯化淀粉进行比较。结果表明,交联淀粉偏光显微及颗粒形貌没发生明显变化,交联变性并未破坏淀粉结晶结构;交联―酯化淀粉颗粒出现粘连和聚集现象,部分颗粒表面出现凹陷和裂纹现象;红外光谱表明,交联―酯化―预糊化复合变性淀粉在1 728 cm–1、1 247 cm–1附近出现新的吸收峰,分子内引入乙酰基团,X–射线衍射光谱显示,交联―酯化―预糊化复合变性淀粉在5.6°和22°处衍射峰强度减弱,A型特征峰加强,结晶类型由"C"型向"A"型转变;交联―酯化淀粉经预糊化处理后,淀粉颗粒膨胀破裂,结晶结构受到彻底破坏,淀粉偏光十字消失,但预糊化处理未破坏淀粉分子化学键。     

滚筒干燥技术及其在变性淀粉生产中的应用

对滚筒干燥机进行分类,简述其干燥原理。最后重点介绍滚筒干燥机在预糊化淀粉、羧甲基淀粉、接枝淀粉等几种变性淀粉生产中的应用。     

马铃薯淀粉基脂肪模拟物性质研究

以马铃薯淀粉为原料,在不同条件下对其进行酶法水解制备低DE值脂肪模拟物,并对DE值在2.0～4.1之间脂肪模拟物水溶性、持水性、冻融稳定性、回生现象和表观粘度进行测定;结果表明,DE值在2～3的马铃薯淀粉基脂肪模拟物具有较好水溶性、持水性、冻融稳定性、凝胶强度,不易发生回生凝沉现象。     

Development and Physicochemical Characterization of New Resistant Citrate Starch from Different Corn Starches

Resistant starch has drawn broad interest for both potential health benefits and functional properties. In this study, a technology was developed to increase resistant starch content of corn starch using esterification with citric acid at elevated temperature. Waxy corn, normal corn and high‐amylose corn starches were used as model starches. Citric acid (40% of starch dry weight) was reacted with corn starch at different temperatures (120–150°C) for different reaction times (3–9 h). The effect of reaction conditions on resistant starch content in the citrate corn starch was investigated. When conducting the reaction at 140°C for 7 h, the highest resistant starch content was found in waxy corn citrate starch (87.5%) with the highest degree of substitution (DS, 0.16) of all starches. High‐amylose corn starch had 86.4% resistant starch content and 0.14 DS, and normal corn starch had 78.8% resistant starch and 0.12 DS. The physicochemical properties of these citrate starches were characterized using various analytical techniques. In the presence of excess water upon heating, citrate starch made from waxy corn starch had no peak in the DSC thermogram, and small peaks were found for normal corn starch (0.4 J/g) and Hylon VII starch (3.0 J/g) in the thermograms. This indicates that citrate substitution changes granule properties. There are no retrogradation peaks in the thermograms when starch was reheated after 2 weeks storage at 5°C. All the citrate starches showed no peaks in RVA pasting curves, indicating citrate substitution changes the pasting properties of corn starch as well. Moreover, citrate starch from waxy corn is more thermally stable than the other citrate starches.     

马铃薯氧化淀粉性质及表征

采用马铃薯淀粉为原料,FeSO4为催化剂,H2O2为氧化剂干法制备氧化淀粉,对氧化淀粉溶解度及其糊的表观粘度、透明度、冻融稳定性、凝沉性等性质进行研究。结果表明,与原淀粉相比,马铃薯氧化淀粉溶解度、透明度增大,表观粘度降低,冻融稳定性增强,凝沉性减弱;并对氧化淀粉结构进行表征。     

Effect of Sago Starch Addition and Steaming Time on Making Cassava Cracker (Keropok)

This work was aimed at investigating the effects of steaming time and different fractions of sago starch (0, 6, 12, 18 and 24%) in mixtures with cassava starch on the properties of crackers as compared to cassava crackers. In the hydrothermal process, the steaming period was varied from 25 to 120 min. The properties of raw starches, half‐finished crackers (HFC) and puffed crackers (PC) were determined. Raw cassava starch had lower amylose content, smaller granule size, lower gelatinization and lower swelling power than sago starch. The properties of the raw starch mixtures varied according to the mixing proportions. Both sago starch content and steaming time influenced cracker quality, especially its expansion, which was related to the degree of gelatinization (DG). Increasing sago starch content caused decreased DG of HFC and hence decreased cracker expansion. Two groups of HFC were obtained; low DG (55–65%, 25‐45 min steaming time) and high DG (>80%, 60‐120 min steaming time) HFC. Generally the expansion increased as the DG increased – however, a too long steaming period (> 75 min) again reduced expansion, apparently the thinner starch gel allowed collapse of the air cells. No treatment gave complete gelatinization; which could be due to insufficient water for starch to gelatinize.     

Cowpea cooking characteristics as affected by micronisation temperature: a study of the physicochemical and functional properties of starch

Bechuana white cowpeas were micronised to three temperatures (130, 153 and 170 °C). Cooking properties of the cowpea seeds and the role of starch‐related properties were studied. In all cases, micronisation significantly reduced the cooking time and thus the time required for the cowpea seeds to attain a suitably soft texture. This was attributed in part to the significant improvement in rate of water absorption during cooking and starch pre‐gelatinisation, as evidenced by loss of birefringence and increased susceptibility of the cowpea starch to α‐amylase digestion. However, micronisation to 170 °C resulted in a severe deterioration in pasting properties of the cowpea flour, possibly due to starch depolymerisation and/or amylose‐associated crosslinking. Owing to these changes, cowpea seeds micronised to 170 °C required a longer cooking time than the other two micronised samples. Flour prepared from cowpea seeds micronised to 170 °C may have limited starch functionality. Copyright © 2006 Society of Chemical Industry     

Effect of damaged starch on wheat starch thermal behavior

The influence of damaged starch (DS) on gelatinization and retrogradation wheat starch properties was investigated. Samples with different content of DS were obtained and evaluated. DSC was used for monitoring the changes in thermal behavior of the starch samples at different water amounts. Starch thermal transitions were affected simultaneously by DS content and water content. The Flory–Huggins parameters were modified by DS. A significant raise in the T°_m, and x_1–2, and a decrease in ΔH_u was recorded. The AP retrogradation kinetics was evaluated by Avrami model. A significant increase of the AP crystallization rate was observed when DS increased. The results demonstrated the importance of the presence of physically damaged granules on wheat starch properties.     

Ozonation of corn and potato starch in aqueous solution: effects on the thermal,pasting and structural properties

Starch–water suspensions were exposed to ozone gas for 1 h at 5 °C. The concentration of dissolved ozone gas in the suspension was kept at 4.2 mg ozone/L^?1 water. Polarised light and scanning electron microscope (SEM) were used to examine the birefringence and surface characteristics of the samples, respectively. A differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) was used to measure the gelatinisation properties, while a rapid visco analyser (RVA) was used to examine pasting properties. The structure of corn and potato starch showed very little change after treatment with ozonated water. The DSC gelatinisation temperatures (i.e. onset, peak and conclusion) of starch samples increased as a result of ozonation. However, a decrease in gelatinisation enthalpies was observed for ozonated starch samples. A dramatic decrease in the RVA viscosities of ozonated starch samples was observed after ozonation, which are explained by the partial cleavage of the glycosidic linkages in the starch granules during ozonation.     

菱角淀粉与绿豆淀粉的糊化及老化性质共性与区别

通过快速黏度测定仪、差示扫描量热仪等仪器,对菱角淀粉和绿豆淀粉的糊化以及老化性质进行一系列的研究比较并分析其对粉丝品质的影响;主要通过测定淀粉直链淀粉含量、溶解度和膨润力、淀粉糊黏度性质、存放过程中的淀粉糊浊度和凝沉性变化以及热力学特性,综合分析得知,菱角淀粉直链淀粉含量以及回生能力大于绿豆淀粉,菱角淀粉糊的冷热稳定性较差,糊的黏度远小于绿豆淀粉。