木质素基酚醛树脂胶黏剂的研究进展及展望

木质素作为自然界中储量最丰富的天然酚类聚合物,是制备酚醛树脂胶黏剂原料中苯酚的潜在替代品。本文分析了工业木质素分离过程中,木质素结构和反应活性的变化,总结了工业木质素预处理或改性的理化方法,并概括了利用改性工业木质素合成的木质素基酚醛树脂胶黏剂的应用性能,最后对开发高木质素取代率和高性能的木质素基酚醛树脂胶黏剂的前景进行了展望。     

木质素基吸附材料的研究进展

木质素结构中含有芳环、脂肪族侧链和许多活性官能团,具有一定的离子交换与吸附性能.工业木质素主要源于制浆造纸业的副产物,通过改性可以制备各种功能不一的木质素基吸附材料.本文综述了木质素的吸附性能和国内外木质素基吸附材料的研究进展,分析存在的问题和难点,探索今后的研究方向.     

木质素/PBAT复合材料的性能提升与应用研究进展

木质素作为可再生自然资源,具有多种高附加值的功能特性,将其与可生物降解高分子聚合物复合是其转化利用的重要途径之一。然而,木质素的异质性限制了其在复合材料中的开发和利用,采取针对性的策略和方法生产高附加值的木质素基可生物降解复合材料至关重要。本文主要阐述了高性能木质素/聚己二酸/对苯二甲酸丁二酯（PBAT）复合材料的不同制备策略,如添加增容剂、木质素的溶剂分级、纳米化和化学改性等,进一步总结了该复合材料在紫外屏蔽、水蒸气/氧气阻隔和抗菌等方面的潜在应用,并对木质素/PBAT复合材料所面临的挑战和未来发展方向进行总结和展望。     

木质素基吸附剂的研究进展

木质素是具有三维无定型结构的天然高分子聚合物,以木质素为原料制备的木质素基吸附剂是木质素增值利用的重要途径之一。通过改性、复合等手段制备的生物炭、微球、凝胶等类型木素基吸附剂在工业废水处理方面有着广泛的应用。本文综述了木质素纤维化处理、制备活性炭、磁化处理等未改性木质素基吸附剂,胺化、磺化、酯化、接枝、共聚等手段处理的改性木质素基吸附剂以及与壳聚糖、甲壳素、TiO2、SiO2等物质复合制备的木质素基复合材料吸附剂的研究进展,并对木素基吸附剂的应用前景进行了展望。     

木质素基超级电容器碳电极研究进展

超级电容器是功率密度高、充放电速度快和安全可靠的绿色储能装置,其电极材料是超级电容器性能优劣的关键。可再生木质素具有含碳量高、来源广泛和成本低等优点,其通过活化、模板和纺丝等方法可制备出性能优异的木质素基超级电容器碳电极,具有较好的发展前景。本文主要介绍了木质素基超级电容器活性炭电极、模板炭电极和碳纤维电极,并对木质素基超级电容器碳电极的研究进行总结与展望,为新型高性能超级电容器电极材料的结构设计与制备提供参考。     

木质素胺用于PVC/木粉复合材料界面改性的研究

以碱木质素通过曼尼希反应合成木质素胺,将其作为界面改性剂用于PVC/木粉复合材料,对复合材料的力学性能、吸水性、流变性能、动态力学性能及形貌学特征等进行研究,对其界面改性机理进行探讨。与未处理木粉制备的复合材料相比,以木质素胺处理过的木粉(质量分数2%,氮元素含量8.18%)制备的复合材料,拉伸和冲击强度分别提高了21.0%和43.9%;木质素胺中氨基含量对复合材料力学性能的影响不明显。以木质素胺处理过的复合材料,吸水率有所降低,储能模量升高,加工热稳定性略有降低,但整体影响不大。SEM分析表明,木质素胺的引入,提高了PVC基体与木粉间的界面结合。     

木质素羟基化改性及其在聚氨酯合成中的应用

工业木质素主要来源于制浆和纤维素乙醇生物精炼的副产物,产量巨大;且木质素具有替代多元醇合成聚氨酯材料的应用潜力。对木质素进行羟基化改性,可以控制木质素分子质量和增加羟基含量,从而提高木质素的反应活性和在合成体系中的相容性,减少木质素在聚氨酯中的聚集,增加聚氨酯材料的微观均匀性,从而增强聚氨酯材料的机械性能;同时还可能赋予聚氨酯抗紫外、吸油、可降解等性能。本文对木质素基本理化性质进行简要介绍,重点介绍了目前国内外木质素羟基化改性方法的研究进展;最后探讨了木质素基聚氨酯合成领域的研究和应用前景。     

木质素基pH敏感智能材料研究进展

随着科技发展,开发木质素基智能材料以满足日益增长的科技需求成为当下木质素基材料研究的重要分支。其中,木质素基p H敏感智能材料是近年来发展起来的新型材料,其结构、形状或性能会随体系pH值的变化而变化。这一性能在新材料领域具有潜在的应用前景。本文综述了木质素基pH敏感智能材料在生物质精炼、制药、制动器、木质素分级等领域的研究进展,提出该材料研发及应用中的现存问题,并展望其研究前景和工业应用进展。     

纤维素基填料制备PBS可降解复合材料的研究进展

本文对纤维素基填料增强热塑性复合材料制备过程中的填料改性技术、成形工艺、实际应用的国内外研究进展进行了综述,介绍了改性方法和制备工艺对纤维素基填料增强聚丁二酸丁二醇酯（PBS）可降解复合材料性能的影响,探讨了纤维素基填料的化学改性和添加偶联剂对复合材料性能的影响,并结合实际应用情况,进一步对纤维素基PBS复合材料制备技术的发展趋势进行了展望。     

木质素改性与木质素水煤浆添加剂

介绍了造纸工业副产品——工业木质素的几种改性方法及其在制备水煤浆添加剂中的应用，并从分散剂的作用机理及工业木质素的分子构型、分子量、关键性官能团和化学性能出发，提出了木质素高效水煤浆添加剂的改性思路，对于可再生资源木质素的利用、水煤浆技术的发展和环境保护有重要意义。     

Textural Properties of Cold-set Gels Induced from Heat-denatured Whey Protein Isolates

A 9% whey protein (WP) isolate solution at pH 7.0 was heat-denatured at 80°C for 30 min. Size-exclusion HPLC showed that native WP formed soluble aggregates after heat-treatment. Additions of CaCl2 (10–40 mM), NaCl (50–400 mM) or glucono-delta-lactone (GDL, 0.4–2.0%, w/v) or hydrolysis by a protease from Bacillus licheniformis caused gelation of the denatured solution at 45°C. Textural parameters, hardness, adhesiveness, and cohesiveness of the gels so formed changed markedly with concentration of added salts or pH by added GDL. Maximum gel hardness occurred at 200 mM NaCl or pH 4.7. Increasing CaCl2 concentration continuously increased gel hardness. Generally, GDL-induced gels were harder than salt-induced gels, and much harder than the protease-induced gel.     

Occurrence of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in fish canned in oil

The levels of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) were quantified as part of a European survey on the migration of residues of epoxy resins into oil from canned fish. The contents of BFDGE in cans, lids and fish collected from all 15 Member States of the European Union and Switzerland were analysed in 382 samples. Cans and lids were separately extracted with acetonitrile. The extraction from fish was carried out with hexane followed by re-extraction with acetonitrile. The analysis was performed by reverse phase HPL C with fluorescence detection. BFDGE could be detected in 12% of the fish, 24% of the cans and 18% of the lids. Only 3% of the fish contained BFDGE in concentrations considerably above 1mg/kg. In addition to the presented data, a comparison was made with the levels of BADGE (bisphenol-A-diglycidyl ether)analysed in the same products in the context of a previous study.     

Contribution of European research to risk analysis

The European Commission's, Quality of Life Research Programme, Key Action 1—Health, Food & Nutrition is mission-oriented and aims, amongst other things, at providing a healthy, safe and high-quality food supply leading to reinforced consumer confidence in the safety of European food. Its objectives also include the enhancing of the competitiveness of the European food supply. Key Action 1 is currently supporting a number of different types of European collaborative projects in the area of risk analysis. The objectives of these projects range from the development and validation of prevention strategies including the reduction of consumers risks; development and validation of new modelling approaches; harmonization of risk assessment principles, methodologies, and terminology; standardization of methods and systems used for the safety evaluation of transgenic food; providing of tools for the evaluation of human viral contamination of shellfish and quality control; new methodologies for assessing the potential of unintended effects of genetically modified (genetically modified) foods; development of a risk assessment model for Cryptosporidium parvum related to the food and water industries; to the development of a communication platform for genetically modified organism, producers, retailers, regulatory authorities and consumer groups to improve safety assessment procedures, risk management strategies and risk communication; development and validation of new methods for safety testing of transgenic food; evaluation of the safety and efficacy of iron supplementation in pregnant women; evaluation of the potential cancer-preventing activity of pro- and pre-biotic ('synbiotic') combinations in human volunteers. An overview of these projects is presented here.     

低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性

为研究低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性,以经低温脱脂的带皮菜籽粕为原料,经微粉碎后筛分成212~425μm、150~212μm和106~150μm的3个不同粒级的微粉样品,检测这些样品的吸水性、吸油性、乳化性和乳化稳定性、蛋白质体外消化率。结果表明:1 3个不同粒级的微粉样品之间的粗纤维含量存在显著差异,表明三者的结构组成成分有一定差异。23个微粉样品的乳化活性和乳化稳定性随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。33个微粉样品的蛋白质体外消化率随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。4不同粒级带皮菜籽粕微粉样品的吸水性与吸油性受其结构组成物质不同和粒度的双重影响,与粒度的相关性不明显。     

Microbiology of food taints

Fresh and processed foods are often spoilt by the presence of undesirable flavours and odours caused by microbial action. The aim of this paper is to review the current knowledge of microbiologically induced taints that occur in a wide range of foodstuffs, including meats, poultry, fish, crustaceans, milk, dairy products, fruits, vegetables, cereals and cereal products. Examples have been chosen where the compounds responsible for the taint have been identified and sufficient data obtained to demonstrate the involvement of microorganisms. However, in some cases the full identity of the causative organism may not have been elucidated. The types of microorganisms covered by this review include bacteria, fungi, yeasts, actinomycetes and cyanobacteria. Although cyanobacteria do not in general infect foods, their presence in aqueous systems and water supplies can lead to off-flavours in aquatic organisms and processed foodstuffs. Several examples of each of these processes are discussed. Wherever possible, the likely biosynthetic pathway used by the microorganism to produce the offending compound in a foodstuff is indicated.     

Analysis for organic residues from aids to polymerization used to make plastics intended for food contact

Polymers intended for food contact use have been analysed for organic residues which could be attributed to a range of substances employed as polymerization aids (e.g. initiators and catalysts). A wide range of polymers was extracted with solvents and the extracts analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The overwhelming majority of substances identified were not derived from aids to polymerization but were oligomers, additives and adventitious contaminants. However, a small number of substances were identified as initiator residues. These included tetramethylsuccinonitrile (TMSN) which was observed in two polymers and it derived from recombination of two azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) initiator radicals. Methyl benzoate, benzoic acid, biphenyl and phenyl benzoate were detected in one poly(methyl methacrylate) sample and in two polyvinylchlorides and they are thought to be derived from benzoyl peroxide initiator. TMSN was subsequently targeted for analysis of poly-(methyl methacrylate) plastics using proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry (¹     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part II: Medium molecular weight permeants

Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of different medium molecular weight model permeants: bisphenol A, warfarin and anthracene, from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 microns-thick orientated polypropylene--OPP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. The characterization of permeation kinetics generally observed the permeation models previously reported to explain the experimental permeation results obtained for a low molecular weight group of model permeants. In general, the model permeants exhibited behaviour consistent with their relative molecular weights with respect to (a) the time taken to attain steady-state permeation into the food simulant in which they were more soluble, (b) their subsequent steady-state permeation rates, and (c) their partition between liquid paraffin and the OPP membrane.     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. I: Interlaboratory studies of methods of analysis

This paper describes the first part of a project undertaken to develop mussel reference materials for Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning (PSP) toxins. Two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin (STX) and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin (dc-STX) in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the second part of the project: the certification exercise. In the first study, 18 laboratories were asked to measure STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and to identify as many other PSP toxins as possible with a method of their choice. In the second interlaboratory study, 15 laboratories were additionally asked to determine quantitatively STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The first study revealed that three out of four postcolumn derivatization methods and one pre-column derivatization method sufficed in principle to determine STX and dc-STX. Most participants (13 of 18) obtained acceptable calibration curves and recoveries. Saxitoxin was hardly detected in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels and results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 58% at a mass fraction of 1.86 mg/kg. Most participants (14 out of 18) identified gonyautoxin-5 (GTX-5) in a hydrolysed extract provided. The first study led to provisional criteria for linearity, recovery and separation. The second study revealed that 6 out of 15 laboratories were able to meet these criteria. Results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 3.49mg/kg. Results obtained for STX in the saxitoxin-enriched material yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 0.34mg/kg. Saxitoxin could not be detected in the PSP-positive material. Hydrolysis was useful to confirm the identity of GTX5 and provided indicative information about C1 and C2 toxins in the PSP-positive material. The methods used in the second interlaboratory study showed sufficiently consistent analysis results to undertake a certification exercise to assign certified values for STX and dc-STX in lyophilized mussel.     

The Ministry of Environmental Protection Issued "Feasible Technology Guidelines for Pollution Prevention and Control in Wood Pulping Process of the Paper Industry (Trial)" and Two Other Guiding Technical Documents

On December 27t＂, 2013, the Ministry of Environmenta Protection announced that, in order to implement ＂The Environmental Protection Law of the People＇ s Republic of China＂, improve the working system in environmenta protection technologies, and promote technologica advancement in pollution prevention, the Ministry of Environmental Protection sponsored the formulation of three guiding technical documents including ＂Feasible Technology Guidelines for Pollution Prevention and Contro n Wood Pulping Process of the Paper Industry （Trial）＂     

1~(st) Intelli-Tissue~ EcoEc Tissue Machine Supplied by PMP Group Successfully Put into Operation in China

正On April 29th,2014,Intelli-Tissue EcoEc tissue machine supplied by PMP Group successfully put into operation at Hebei Xuesong Paper Co.,Ltd.,this is the first such kind of paper machine of PMP Group in China.