国标法测定发酵肉制品中组胺的方法改进

在GB/T 5009.45—2003国家标准方法的基础上,对样品预处理、正戊醇提取、盐酸提取液取样量等进行改进,使其更适合测定发酵肉制品组胺的含量,同时使测定过程简单、快速、准确。结果显示,选择超声波辅助萃取取代了国家标准法中室温浸泡2~3 h,不仅节省时间且提取效果更佳,超声波辅助萃取的最佳条件为超声波功率350 W、超声波时间3 min、超声波温度50℃;正戊醇提取过程中,用离心方式取代了国家标准法中用分液漏斗振荡提取的方式,获得更好的提取效果;盐酸提取液改为1.0 m L,保证标准系列与测定系列显色体系的一致性,提高了实验结果的准确度。     

分光光度法测定有机物中锰含量

采用分光光度法测定有机物中锰含量。用不同的消化及处理方法对样品进行处理。结果显示,用分光光度法测定有机物中锰含量,与原子吸收光谱法比较误差小于10%;回收率在90%以上。方法步骤简便、快捷、准确度高、重复性好。比较了不同消化方法消化样品对测定结果的影响,并总结出了适合分光光度法测定锰含量的样品消化方法。初步总结建立了一套用分光光度法测定锰含量的检测方法。     

荧光分光光度法快速测定饮料中核黄素

建立了样品不需水解,直接用硅镁型吸收剂净化,再用高锰酸钾氧化样品中的杂质和色素,以荧光光度法测定饮料中的核黄素的方法.该方法操作时间短、灵敏度高、准确度高.     

分光光度法测定不同食品基质中亚硝酸盐含量

目的建立测定不同食品基质中亚硝酸盐含量的分光光度法。方法取适量样品,按不同基质进行提取和净化,用分光光度法测定亚硝酸盐含量(以亚硝酸钠计)。结果方法检出限:液态乳和发酵乳中为0.02 mg/kg,其他样品中为0.2 mg/kg。淀粉类样品在添加浓度1.0~5.0 mg/kg范围内,回收率为77.6%~113%,RSD为1.9%~13.4%;肉制品类样品在添加浓度2.0~10.0 mg/kg范围内,回收率为77.5%~111.5%,RSD为2.1%~7.8%;腌菜类样品在添加浓度2.0~10.0 mg/kg范围内,回收率为58.5%~78.1%,RSD为4.0%~12.5%;液态乳、发酵乳类样品在添加浓度0.2~1.0 mg/kg范围内,回收率为81.5%~98.8%,RSD为1.4%~8.1%。结论该方法对不同食品基质样品的前处理方法进行了优化,干扰少,准确度、灵敏度高,能满足各类食品中亚硝酸盐的测定。     

紫外-可见分光光度法测定烤烟中亚硝酸盐的含量

建立了紫外-可见分光光度法测定烤烟中亚硝酸盐含量的分析检测方法。对提取时的提取液脱色、提取效果、提取液的净化以及测定时提取液的吸取量进行了试验,同时考察了方法的稳定性、精密度和准确度,并用本方法测定了不同烤烟样品中的亚硝酸盐含量。结果表明:该方法操作简单、稳定性好、精密度高、适用范围广,回收率84.8%～98.2%。该方法适用于烤烟中亚硝酸盐含量的测定。     

番茄红素的提取工艺及检测方法探讨

采用浸提法从试样中提取番茄红素,用苏丹Ⅰ标准品代替番茄红素标准品,通过紫外分光光度法测定试样中番茄红素的含量.通过比较试验分析石油醚、乙烷、丙酮和氯仿4种不同有机试剂对番茄红素的提取效果,确定最佳提取工艺为:用甲醇洗脱试样中的黄色素,用氯仿作为提取溶剂提取试样中的番茄红素.提取率为4.459 mg/g,再用无水乙醇去杂,可进一步提高样品的纯度.     

甘薯中还原型谷胱甘肽的提取及荧光检测

检测甘薯中还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH)的含量。比较了超声波法、化学渗透法、复合酶法和超声复合酶法提取样品GSH,采用OPA荧光衍生化法测定其中GSH的含量,检测发现,在最佳提取条件下,超声复合酶法的GSH提取量最高(0.64 mg/L);在最佳提取条件下,用超声复合酶法分别提取了浙紫薯1号、济紫薯1号、秦薯5号、秦薯7号、秦薯8号、密选1号、徐薯27号、红心431、香黄和心香中的GSH,OPA荧光衍生化法测定GSH的含量为0.35~0.64 mg/L。方法的回收率达96.8%~99.7%,满足测定准确度的要求。     

紫外分光光度法测定面粉中的巯基含量

本文利用：琉基还原重铬酸钾生成铬酸钾，最大吸收波长发生改变，建立了利用紫外分光光度法测定面粉中巯基的新方法；同时针对该法对样品的处理进行了研究，结果表明：采用醇提法不仅可以有效的提取样品中巯基组分而且测定过程不受其他杂质的干扰。利用该法测定不同用途面粉中巯基的含量，与Ellman的比色法测定结果无显著性差异。     

用分光光度计测定食品中蔗糖的分析方法

本文采用紫外分光光义法分析食品中蔗糖的含量。前处理方法简便。前处理方法简便，方法的精密度、准确度比较好、回收率在９５％－１０５％之间。     

重楼中薯蓣皂苷元的分离提取及含量检测

目的 研究重楼中薯蓣皂苷元的分离提取和含量测定方法.方法 以薯蓣皂苷元的提取量为参考指标,采用超声提取法提取薯蓣皂苷,正交试验法优选重楼中薯蓣皂苷元的酸解条件,分光光度法测定其含量.结果 影响提取含量的因素的主次顺序为:反应温度＞超声时间＞硫酸量;选择优化条件为:反应温度90℃,超声2.5 h,5％硫酸10 mL.结论 此法处理简单,准确度高,精密度好,适合于重楼中薯蓣皂苷元的提取分离和含量测定.     

Textural Properties of Cold-set Gels Induced from Heat-denatured Whey Protein Isolates

A 9% whey protein (WP) isolate solution at pH 7.0 was heat-denatured at 80°C for 30 min. Size-exclusion HPLC showed that native WP formed soluble aggregates after heat-treatment. Additions of CaCl2 (10–40 mM), NaCl (50–400 mM) or glucono-delta-lactone (GDL, 0.4–2.0%, w/v) or hydrolysis by a protease from Bacillus licheniformis caused gelation of the denatured solution at 45°C. Textural parameters, hardness, adhesiveness, and cohesiveness of the gels so formed changed markedly with concentration of added salts or pH by added GDL. Maximum gel hardness occurred at 200 mM NaCl or pH 4.7. Increasing CaCl2 concentration continuously increased gel hardness. Generally, GDL-induced gels were harder than salt-induced gels, and much harder than the protease-induced gel.     

Occurrence of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in fish canned in oil

The levels of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) were quantified as part of a European survey on the migration of residues of epoxy resins into oil from canned fish. The contents of BFDGE in cans, lids and fish collected from all 15 Member States of the European Union and Switzerland were analysed in 382 samples. Cans and lids were separately extracted with acetonitrile. The extraction from fish was carried out with hexane followed by re-extraction with acetonitrile. The analysis was performed by reverse phase HPL C with fluorescence detection. BFDGE could be detected in 12% of the fish, 24% of the cans and 18% of the lids. Only 3% of the fish contained BFDGE in concentrations considerably above 1mg/kg. In addition to the presented data, a comparison was made with the levels of BADGE (bisphenol-A-diglycidyl ether)analysed in the same products in the context of a previous study.     

Contribution of European research to risk analysis

The European Commission's, Quality of Life Research Programme, Key Action 1—Health, Food & Nutrition is mission-oriented and aims, amongst other things, at providing a healthy, safe and high-quality food supply leading to reinforced consumer confidence in the safety of European food. Its objectives also include the enhancing of the competitiveness of the European food supply. Key Action 1 is currently supporting a number of different types of European collaborative projects in the area of risk analysis. The objectives of these projects range from the development and validation of prevention strategies including the reduction of consumers risks; development and validation of new modelling approaches; harmonization of risk assessment principles, methodologies, and terminology; standardization of methods and systems used for the safety evaluation of transgenic food; providing of tools for the evaluation of human viral contamination of shellfish and quality control; new methodologies for assessing the potential of unintended effects of genetically modified (genetically modified) foods; development of a risk assessment model for Cryptosporidium parvum related to the food and water industries; to the development of a communication platform for genetically modified organism, producers, retailers, regulatory authorities and consumer groups to improve safety assessment procedures, risk management strategies and risk communication; development and validation of new methods for safety testing of transgenic food; evaluation of the safety and efficacy of iron supplementation in pregnant women; evaluation of the potential cancer-preventing activity of pro- and pre-biotic ('synbiotic') combinations in human volunteers. An overview of these projects is presented here.     

低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性

为研究低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性,以经低温脱脂的带皮菜籽粕为原料,经微粉碎后筛分成212~425μm、150~212μm和106~150μm的3个不同粒级的微粉样品,检测这些样品的吸水性、吸油性、乳化性和乳化稳定性、蛋白质体外消化率。结果表明:1 3个不同粒级的微粉样品之间的粗纤维含量存在显著差异,表明三者的结构组成成分有一定差异。23个微粉样品的乳化活性和乳化稳定性随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。33个微粉样品的蛋白质体外消化率随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。4不同粒级带皮菜籽粕微粉样品的吸水性与吸油性受其结构组成物质不同和粒度的双重影响,与粒度的相关性不明显。     

Microbiology of food taints

Fresh and processed foods are often spoilt by the presence of undesirable flavours and odours caused by microbial action. The aim of this paper is to review the current knowledge of microbiologically induced taints that occur in a wide range of foodstuffs, including meats, poultry, fish, crustaceans, milk, dairy products, fruits, vegetables, cereals and cereal products. Examples have been chosen where the compounds responsible for the taint have been identified and sufficient data obtained to demonstrate the involvement of microorganisms. However, in some cases the full identity of the causative organism may not have been elucidated. The types of microorganisms covered by this review include bacteria, fungi, yeasts, actinomycetes and cyanobacteria. Although cyanobacteria do not in general infect foods, their presence in aqueous systems and water supplies can lead to off-flavours in aquatic organisms and processed foodstuffs. Several examples of each of these processes are discussed. Wherever possible, the likely biosynthetic pathway used by the microorganism to produce the offending compound in a foodstuff is indicated.     

Analysis for organic residues from aids to polymerization used to make plastics intended for food contact

Polymers intended for food contact use have been analysed for organic residues which could be attributed to a range of substances employed as polymerization aids (e.g. initiators and catalysts). A wide range of polymers was extracted with solvents and the extracts analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The overwhelming majority of substances identified were not derived from aids to polymerization but were oligomers, additives and adventitious contaminants. However, a small number of substances were identified as initiator residues. These included tetramethylsuccinonitrile (TMSN) which was observed in two polymers and it derived from recombination of two azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) initiator radicals. Methyl benzoate, benzoic acid, biphenyl and phenyl benzoate were detected in one poly(methyl methacrylate) sample and in two polyvinylchlorides and they are thought to be derived from benzoyl peroxide initiator. TMSN was subsequently targeted for analysis of poly-(methyl methacrylate) plastics using proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry (¹     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part II: Medium molecular weight permeants

Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of different medium molecular weight model permeants: bisphenol A, warfarin and anthracene, from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 microns-thick orientated polypropylene--OPP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. The characterization of permeation kinetics generally observed the permeation models previously reported to explain the experimental permeation results obtained for a low molecular weight group of model permeants. In general, the model permeants exhibited behaviour consistent with their relative molecular weights with respect to (a) the time taken to attain steady-state permeation into the food simulant in which they were more soluble, (b) their subsequent steady-state permeation rates, and (c) their partition between liquid paraffin and the OPP membrane.     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. I: Interlaboratory studies of methods of analysis

This paper describes the first part of a project undertaken to develop mussel reference materials for Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning (PSP) toxins. Two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin (STX) and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin (dc-STX) in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the second part of the project: the certification exercise. In the first study, 18 laboratories were asked to measure STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and to identify as many other PSP toxins as possible with a method of their choice. In the second interlaboratory study, 15 laboratories were additionally asked to determine quantitatively STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The first study revealed that three out of four postcolumn derivatization methods and one pre-column derivatization method sufficed in principle to determine STX and dc-STX. Most participants (13 of 18) obtained acceptable calibration curves and recoveries. Saxitoxin was hardly detected in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels and results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 58% at a mass fraction of 1.86 mg/kg. Most participants (14 out of 18) identified gonyautoxin-5 (GTX-5) in a hydrolysed extract provided. The first study led to provisional criteria for linearity, recovery and separation. The second study revealed that 6 out of 15 laboratories were able to meet these criteria. Results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 3.49mg/kg. Results obtained for STX in the saxitoxin-enriched material yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 0.34mg/kg. Saxitoxin could not be detected in the PSP-positive material. Hydrolysis was useful to confirm the identity of GTX5 and provided indicative information about C1 and C2 toxins in the PSP-positive material. The methods used in the second interlaboratory study showed sufficiently consistent analysis results to undertake a certification exercise to assign certified values for STX and dc-STX in lyophilized mussel.     

The Ministry of Environmental Protection Issued "Feasible Technology Guidelines for Pollution Prevention and Control in Wood Pulping Process of the Paper Industry (Trial)" and Two Other Guiding Technical Documents

On December 27t＂, 2013, the Ministry of Environmenta Protection announced that, in order to implement ＂The Environmental Protection Law of the People＇ s Republic of China＂, improve the working system in environmenta protection technologies, and promote technologica advancement in pollution prevention, the Ministry of Environmental Protection sponsored the formulation of three guiding technical documents including ＂Feasible Technology Guidelines for Pollution Prevention and Contro n Wood Pulping Process of the Paper Industry （Trial）＂     

1~(st) Intelli-Tissue~ EcoEc Tissue Machine Supplied by PMP Group Successfully Put into Operation in China

正On April 29th,2014,Intelli-Tissue EcoEc tissue machine supplied by PMP Group successfully put into operation at Hebei Xuesong Paper Co.,Ltd.,this is the first such kind of paper machine of PMP Group in China.