露点间接蒸发冷却技术在纺织厂的应用

为探讨露点间接蒸发冷却技术在纺织厂的应用,在浙江绍兴某纺织厂进行了应用实践,通过测试和计算分析得出:露点间接蒸发冷却段(预冷段)可以降温6～8℃,维持室内相对湿度70%～85%;采用全新风可以改善车间空气质量;使用复合式空调机组比纯机械制冷空调机组节能14%左右.     

露点间接蒸发冷却技术在纺织厂的应用

为探讨露点间接蒸发冷却技术在纺织厂的应用,在浙江绍兴某纺织厂进行了应用实践,通过测试和计算分析得出:露点间接蒸发冷却段(预冷段)可以降温6℃～8℃,维持室内相对湿度70%～85%;采用全新风可以改善车间空气质量;使用复合式空调机组比纯机械制冷空调机组节能14%左右.     

露点间接-直接蒸发冷却空调特性及换热分析

从热质交换和流体力学的角度分别对露点间接-直接蒸发冷却空调机组的结构和原理进行了分析.结果表明这种空调机组与传统露点间接蒸发冷却器相比,温降幅度大,可以进一步逼近室外空气的露点温度,是露点间接蒸发冷却技术的一个新发展.同时利用降液膜蒸发理论和界面汽化热阱效应对蒸发冷却传热传质过程的影响进行了分析,指出其对蒸发界面均起到强化传热的作用,进而加强了基于露点板式间接两级蒸发冷却空调机组的温降效果.     

管式间接蒸发冷却空调机组在纺织厂的应用

探讨管式间接蒸发冷却空调机组在纺织厂中的应用效果.介绍了管式间接蒸发冷却与喷水室结合的两级蒸发冷却空调机组,通过焓湿图分析了过渡季节和夏季西安地区空气处理的过程.实测对比了两级蒸发冷却空调机组与传统喷水室的使用效果,并绘制了出风干球温度和出风相对湿度随室外干球温度和室外相对湿度的变化曲线图.通过计算认为:与传统喷水室相比,两级蒸发冷却空调机组不但可以满足车间温湿度要求,还可节约夏季冷冻水量,减少机械制冷和冷冻水泵能耗.     

细纱车间应用间接蒸发冷却技术的节能效果

探讨间接蒸发冷却技术在纺织厂细纱车间的应用效果。通过对细纱车间的回风情况进行分析,并进行间接蒸发冷却技术的实践应用,认为在细纱车间采用间接蒸发冷却技术,对排风温度较高的工艺排风进行预处理后回用,可以减少车间空调系统冷量,与传统空调方式相比,可节约制冷量25%,并且改善了细纱车间的工作条件。     

高压喷气间接蒸发冷却对空压机吸气降温研究

探讨高压喷气-间接蒸发冷却空调机组对空压机吸入空气进行预处理的应用效果。以夏季西安某纺织厂空压站为例,测试分析了该空调机组的性能及其对空压机运行性能的影响。分析数据表明:压缩空气作为一种气体吸湿剂,在高压喷气段中可使室外空气干球温度平均降低1.5℃左右,含湿量平均降低2.8 g/kg;管式间接蒸发冷却段空气温降5℃~6℃,最终送风可达32℃,使空压机的吸气温度降低7℃,从而使空压机的排气量提高8%,可节约成本14.02万元。认为:采用该空压机吸入空气预处理方法可以提高空压机的排气量,并节约运行成本。     

湿膜式填料直接蒸发冷却空调的节能效果

探讨湿膜式填料直接蒸发冷却空调在纺织厂应用的节能效果.以无锡某纺织厂织造车间240台喷气织机为例,分别采用传统喷水室与湿膜式填料直接蒸发冷却空调进行对比测试分析.结果表明:在基本相同的气候条件下处理的最大送风量为1.3×105 m3/h时,湿膜式填料直接蒸发冷却空调比传统喷水室节约占地面积39 m2,节省装机功率15.1kW～32.7kW,并提出了进一步的改进建议.认为:针对性地组合应用间接蒸发冷却技术可以实现更有效的节能效果.     

二级复合间接蒸发冷却技术在纺织空调的应用

通过对纺织厂细纱车间空调回风问题的分析,认为在细纱车间空调中采用二级复合式间接蒸发冷却技术,并对温度较高的工艺排风进行预处理后回用,可以较小的代价取得良好的冷却效果,为减少车间空调系统需冷量、改善纺织车间工作条件、纺织厂空调节能设计和改造提供技术依据.     

间接蒸发冷却技术在纺织变配电室中的应用

以实际工程为背景,探讨间接蒸发冷却技术在纺织变配电室通风降温中的应用。理论和实践表明:采用间接蒸发冷却技术可以降低变配电室温度,减少花毛及灰尘进入,消除冷热不均,有效改善空气环境,具有可靠性高、降低设备运行故障率的优势;与传统制冷空调方式相比,不会造成表冷器糊网,具有运行功耗和初投资费用低等特点,适合于我国大部分地区纺织厂变配电室新建、改建和扩建工程。     

纺织空调节能新技术应用探讨

阐述了在空调室应用前置式喷雾轴流风机替代普通喷雾轴流风机,在传统空调室前增设间接蒸发冷却设备,及在主风道与支风道接口处设置送风机,同时去掉空调室的主送风机,使空调室成为多风机送风系统等3项节能措施,对比传统空调室,节能效率可达40%,可降低纺织厂的生产成本,改善车间空气环境,提高产品质量。     

Textural Properties of Cold-set Gels Induced from Heat-denatured Whey Protein Isolates

A 9% whey protein (WP) isolate solution at pH 7.0 was heat-denatured at 80°C for 30 min. Size-exclusion HPLC showed that native WP formed soluble aggregates after heat-treatment. Additions of CaCl2 (10–40 mM), NaCl (50–400 mM) or glucono-delta-lactone (GDL, 0.4–2.0%, w/v) or hydrolysis by a protease from Bacillus licheniformis caused gelation of the denatured solution at 45°C. Textural parameters, hardness, adhesiveness, and cohesiveness of the gels so formed changed markedly with concentration of added salts or pH by added GDL. Maximum gel hardness occurred at 200 mM NaCl or pH 4.7. Increasing CaCl2 concentration continuously increased gel hardness. Generally, GDL-induced gels were harder than salt-induced gels, and much harder than the protease-induced gel.     

Occurrence of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in fish canned in oil

The levels of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) were quantified as part of a European survey on the migration of residues of epoxy resins into oil from canned fish. The contents of BFDGE in cans, lids and fish collected from all 15 Member States of the European Union and Switzerland were analysed in 382 samples. Cans and lids were separately extracted with acetonitrile. The extraction from fish was carried out with hexane followed by re-extraction with acetonitrile. The analysis was performed by reverse phase HPL C with fluorescence detection. BFDGE could be detected in 12% of the fish, 24% of the cans and 18% of the lids. Only 3% of the fish contained BFDGE in concentrations considerably above 1mg/kg. In addition to the presented data, a comparison was made with the levels of BADGE (bisphenol-A-diglycidyl ether)analysed in the same products in the context of a previous study.     

Contribution of European research to risk analysis

The European Commission's, Quality of Life Research Programme, Key Action 1—Health, Food & Nutrition is mission-oriented and aims, amongst other things, at providing a healthy, safe and high-quality food supply leading to reinforced consumer confidence in the safety of European food. Its objectives also include the enhancing of the competitiveness of the European food supply. Key Action 1 is currently supporting a number of different types of European collaborative projects in the area of risk analysis. The objectives of these projects range from the development and validation of prevention strategies including the reduction of consumers risks; development and validation of new modelling approaches; harmonization of risk assessment principles, methodologies, and terminology; standardization of methods and systems used for the safety evaluation of transgenic food; providing of tools for the evaluation of human viral contamination of shellfish and quality control; new methodologies for assessing the potential of unintended effects of genetically modified (genetically modified) foods; development of a risk assessment model for Cryptosporidium parvum related to the food and water industries; to the development of a communication platform for genetically modified organism, producers, retailers, regulatory authorities and consumer groups to improve safety assessment procedures, risk management strategies and risk communication; development and validation of new methods for safety testing of transgenic food; evaluation of the safety and efficacy of iron supplementation in pregnant women; evaluation of the potential cancer-preventing activity of pro- and pre-biotic ('synbiotic') combinations in human volunteers. An overview of these projects is presented here.     

低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性

为研究低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性,以经低温脱脂的带皮菜籽粕为原料,经微粉碎后筛分成212~425μm、150~212μm和106~150μm的3个不同粒级的微粉样品,检测这些样品的吸水性、吸油性、乳化性和乳化稳定性、蛋白质体外消化率。结果表明:1 3个不同粒级的微粉样品之间的粗纤维含量存在显著差异,表明三者的结构组成成分有一定差异。23个微粉样品的乳化活性和乳化稳定性随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。33个微粉样品的蛋白质体外消化率随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。4不同粒级带皮菜籽粕微粉样品的吸水性与吸油性受其结构组成物质不同和粒度的双重影响,与粒度的相关性不明显。     

Microbiology of food taints

Fresh and processed foods are often spoilt by the presence of undesirable flavours and odours caused by microbial action. The aim of this paper is to review the current knowledge of microbiologically induced taints that occur in a wide range of foodstuffs, including meats, poultry, fish, crustaceans, milk, dairy products, fruits, vegetables, cereals and cereal products. Examples have been chosen where the compounds responsible for the taint have been identified and sufficient data obtained to demonstrate the involvement of microorganisms. However, in some cases the full identity of the causative organism may not have been elucidated. The types of microorganisms covered by this review include bacteria, fungi, yeasts, actinomycetes and cyanobacteria. Although cyanobacteria do not in general infect foods, their presence in aqueous systems and water supplies can lead to off-flavours in aquatic organisms and processed foodstuffs. Several examples of each of these processes are discussed. Wherever possible, the likely biosynthetic pathway used by the microorganism to produce the offending compound in a foodstuff is indicated.     

Analysis for organic residues from aids to polymerization used to make plastics intended for food contact

Polymers intended for food contact use have been analysed for organic residues which could be attributed to a range of substances employed as polymerization aids (e.g. initiators and catalysts). A wide range of polymers was extracted with solvents and the extracts analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The overwhelming majority of substances identified were not derived from aids to polymerization but were oligomers, additives and adventitious contaminants. However, a small number of substances were identified as initiator residues. These included tetramethylsuccinonitrile (TMSN) which was observed in two polymers and it derived from recombination of two azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) initiator radicals. Methyl benzoate, benzoic acid, biphenyl and phenyl benzoate were detected in one poly(methyl methacrylate) sample and in two polyvinylchlorides and they are thought to be derived from benzoyl peroxide initiator. TMSN was subsequently targeted for analysis of poly-(methyl methacrylate) plastics using proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry (¹     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part II: Medium molecular weight permeants

Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of different medium molecular weight model permeants: bisphenol A, warfarin and anthracene, from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 microns-thick orientated polypropylene--OPP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. The characterization of permeation kinetics generally observed the permeation models previously reported to explain the experimental permeation results obtained for a low molecular weight group of model permeants. In general, the model permeants exhibited behaviour consistent with their relative molecular weights with respect to (a) the time taken to attain steady-state permeation into the food simulant in which they were more soluble, (b) their subsequent steady-state permeation rates, and (c) their partition between liquid paraffin and the OPP membrane.     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. I: Interlaboratory studies of methods of analysis

This paper describes the first part of a project undertaken to develop mussel reference materials for Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning (PSP) toxins. Two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin (STX) and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin (dc-STX) in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the second part of the project: the certification exercise. In the first study, 18 laboratories were asked to measure STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and to identify as many other PSP toxins as possible with a method of their choice. In the second interlaboratory study, 15 laboratories were additionally asked to determine quantitatively STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The first study revealed that three out of four postcolumn derivatization methods and one pre-column derivatization method sufficed in principle to determine STX and dc-STX. Most participants (13 of 18) obtained acceptable calibration curves and recoveries. Saxitoxin was hardly detected in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels and results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 58% at a mass fraction of 1.86 mg/kg. Most participants (14 out of 18) identified gonyautoxin-5 (GTX-5) in a hydrolysed extract provided. The first study led to provisional criteria for linearity, recovery and separation. The second study revealed that 6 out of 15 laboratories were able to meet these criteria. Results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 3.49mg/kg. Results obtained for STX in the saxitoxin-enriched material yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 0.34mg/kg. Saxitoxin could not be detected in the PSP-positive material. Hydrolysis was useful to confirm the identity of GTX5 and provided indicative information about C1 and C2 toxins in the PSP-positive material. The methods used in the second interlaboratory study showed sufficiently consistent analysis results to undertake a certification exercise to assign certified values for STX and dc-STX in lyophilized mussel.     

Focus on China's Paper Industry

In the English section of this issue, 〈China Paper Newsletters〉 will introduce ＂National Development and Reform Commission Issued Announcement for Selection of Major Preliminary Research Projects for the ＇13th Five-Year Plan＇＂, ＂2013 Annual Report of China＇s Paper Industry＂, and news of projects and other policies.     

Listen to downstream & search for innovation

正Nowadays,textile enterprises are all taking efforts in transformation and upgrading,like improving producing capacity and optimizing production structure to face market downturn.It claimed a higher request to the standard of textile equipments.In the upcoming of ITMA ASIA+CITME 2014exhibition,this magazine have interviewed several branch associations and a series of relative enterprises,to summarize industrial developing status