虾青素的结构与功能

虾青素是一种酮式类胡萝卜素,常用作鱼虾等水产养殖动物的饲料添加剂。动物实验表明虾青素有抑制肿瘤发生、增强免疫功能、延缓衰老等多方面的功能,在功能食品、饲料、化妆品和医药等方面有着广阔的应用前景。     

国内外虾青素的研究进展

介绍了虾青素不仅是一种粉红色的具抗氧化性的色素，而且生物学功能显著，可广泛应用于饲料，食品、医药和化工行业，对虾青素的来源，尤其是对产虾青素的发夫酵母的育种，工艺以及色素的提取等近年来在国内外的研究进展进行了论述。     

微生物生产天然虾青素的合成途径及其研究进展

虾青素是一种天然存在的类胡萝卜素，具有重要的生物活性，如着色功能、高抗氧化性、抗癌、抗炎等。动物机体对反式虾青素吸收利用率、着色能力和抗氧化活性更高。微生物生产天然虾青素成为研究热点，一是利用藻类生产，二是利用酵母发酵生产。文章着重阐述了微生物生产天然虾青素的合成途径、红酵母产虾青素的研究进展及其功效与应用，为红酵母发酵生产虾青素提供一定的理论基础和参考。     

美利用蔗渣开发虾饲料

美国科学家日前利用蔗渣配制成新型虾饲料，成本比进口虾饲料降低67％，质量可与进口饲料相媲美。研究人员将将蔗渣粉碎，拌入蛋白质、脂肪和矿物质，最后压制成颗粒、烘干。用这种饲料喂养幼虾，可以从饲料本身及寄居于饲料中的微生物获取营养，在盛产甘蔗的热带区，特别是小规模养虾场，适于推广这种饲料。印度科学家推荐用大豆     

法夫酵母生物法生产虾青素的研究进展

虾青素是一种酮式类胡萝卜素,在功能饲料、食品、化妆品和医药等方面具有广阔的应用前景.法夫酵母是天然生产虾青素的主要微生物之一,本文旨在介绍通过基因工程培养、诱变及发酵工艺优化等方法来提高法夫酵母生物合成虾青素的新进展.     

天然虾青素生产方法研究进展

天然虾青素因其具有独特的生物学功能,在食品、化妆品、保健品和饲料添加剂等方面有着巨大的应用价值和广阔的发展前景。我们对天然虾青素的3种提取方法:从水产加工废弃物中提取虾青素、利用藻类生产虾青素、酵母发酵生产虾青素进行了比较详细的阐述,对各个方法的研究现状和应用前景进行了分析,以期为工业化生产虾青素提供参考。     

树脂型鱼虾饲料专用粘结剂的生产

为保证鱼、虾饲料有足够的耐水性，常在饲料中添加粘结剂。介绍一种树脂型鱼、虾饲料专用粘结剂的生产工艺及操作要领。用该法生产的饲料粘结剂可使水产饲料耐水性时间长达3－12h。     

法夫酵母虾青素提取工艺及功能研究进展

主要介绍近年来法夫酵母虾青素提取工艺及功能的研究情况进展。除作为一种高效抗氧化剂之外,虾青素还具有抗肿瘤、抑制认知功能障碍、减轻氧化应激、提高着色性、改善自闭症行为障碍等功能,对"都市化"疾病的预防和治疗有着重要作用。虽然虾青素功能作用颇多,但其生产迟迟未进入工业化。提出从碳源与温度控制、添加前体物质、复合诱变和基因敲除4个方面优化法夫酵母虾青素生产条件,总结目前国内外对法夫酵母虾青素生产提取的现状。除常规的化学和物理提取方法之外,极性与非极性溶剂提取法、超声波辅助提取法和酶与超声波结合提取法均能得到较高的虾青素提取率。针对法夫酵母虾青素各功能,提出未来的市场发展前景,认为法夫酵母虾青素在饲料工业及医学领域极具发展潜力。     

虾青素的生理功能及其应用

虾青素是一种非维生素A原的类胡萝卜素 ,呈艳丽红色 ,为脂溶性 ,具有高效抗氧化、抗癌变、增强免疫及着色等功能 ,目前已被广泛应用于食品、医药、化妆品和饲料等的生产。     

一种新型饲料添加剂—发酵腐植酸简介

一种新型饲料添加剂—发酵腐植酸简介□罗俊雄周晓宏程树峰腐植酸是一类含有杂环的高分子有机化合物。它主要分布于泥炭、褐煤、风化煤中。全国现已探明的腐植酸储量在十亿吨以上，研究表明：腐植酸具有刺激动物生长，提高动物抗病能力，降低动物死亡率等功能。国内贸易部...     

Textural Properties of Cold-set Gels Induced from Heat-denatured Whey Protein Isolates

A 9% whey protein (WP) isolate solution at pH 7.0 was heat-denatured at 80°C for 30 min. Size-exclusion HPLC showed that native WP formed soluble aggregates after heat-treatment. Additions of CaCl2 (10–40 mM), NaCl (50–400 mM) or glucono-delta-lactone (GDL, 0.4–2.0%, w/v) or hydrolysis by a protease from Bacillus licheniformis caused gelation of the denatured solution at 45°C. Textural parameters, hardness, adhesiveness, and cohesiveness of the gels so formed changed markedly with concentration of added salts or pH by added GDL. Maximum gel hardness occurred at 200 mM NaCl or pH 4.7. Increasing CaCl2 concentration continuously increased gel hardness. Generally, GDL-induced gels were harder than salt-induced gels, and much harder than the protease-induced gel.     

Occurrence of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in fish canned in oil

The levels of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) were quantified as part of a European survey on the migration of residues of epoxy resins into oil from canned fish. The contents of BFDGE in cans, lids and fish collected from all 15 Member States of the European Union and Switzerland were analysed in 382 samples. Cans and lids were separately extracted with acetonitrile. The extraction from fish was carried out with hexane followed by re-extraction with acetonitrile. The analysis was performed by reverse phase HPL C with fluorescence detection. BFDGE could be detected in 12% of the fish, 24% of the cans and 18% of the lids. Only 3% of the fish contained BFDGE in concentrations considerably above 1mg/kg. In addition to the presented data, a comparison was made with the levels of BADGE (bisphenol-A-diglycidyl ether)analysed in the same products in the context of a previous study.     

Contribution of European research to risk analysis

The European Commission's, Quality of Life Research Programme, Key Action 1—Health, Food & Nutrition is mission-oriented and aims, amongst other things, at providing a healthy, safe and high-quality food supply leading to reinforced consumer confidence in the safety of European food. Its objectives also include the enhancing of the competitiveness of the European food supply. Key Action 1 is currently supporting a number of different types of European collaborative projects in the area of risk analysis. The objectives of these projects range from the development and validation of prevention strategies including the reduction of consumers risks; development and validation of new modelling approaches; harmonization of risk assessment principles, methodologies, and terminology; standardization of methods and systems used for the safety evaluation of transgenic food; providing of tools for the evaluation of human viral contamination of shellfish and quality control; new methodologies for assessing the potential of unintended effects of genetically modified (genetically modified) foods; development of a risk assessment model for Cryptosporidium parvum related to the food and water industries; to the development of a communication platform for genetically modified organism, producers, retailers, regulatory authorities and consumer groups to improve safety assessment procedures, risk management strategies and risk communication; development and validation of new methods for safety testing of transgenic food; evaluation of the safety and efficacy of iron supplementation in pregnant women; evaluation of the potential cancer-preventing activity of pro- and pre-biotic ('synbiotic') combinations in human volunteers. An overview of these projects is presented here.     

低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性

为研究低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性,以经低温脱脂的带皮菜籽粕为原料,经微粉碎后筛分成212~425μm、150~212μm和106~150μm的3个不同粒级的微粉样品,检测这些样品的吸水性、吸油性、乳化性和乳化稳定性、蛋白质体外消化率。结果表明:1 3个不同粒级的微粉样品之间的粗纤维含量存在显著差异,表明三者的结构组成成分有一定差异。23个微粉样品的乳化活性和乳化稳定性随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。33个微粉样品的蛋白质体外消化率随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。4不同粒级带皮菜籽粕微粉样品的吸水性与吸油性受其结构组成物质不同和粒度的双重影响,与粒度的相关性不明显。     

Microbiology of food taints

Fresh and processed foods are often spoilt by the presence of undesirable flavours and odours caused by microbial action. The aim of this paper is to review the current knowledge of microbiologically induced taints that occur in a wide range of foodstuffs, including meats, poultry, fish, crustaceans, milk, dairy products, fruits, vegetables, cereals and cereal products. Examples have been chosen where the compounds responsible for the taint have been identified and sufficient data obtained to demonstrate the involvement of microorganisms. However, in some cases the full identity of the causative organism may not have been elucidated. The types of microorganisms covered by this review include bacteria, fungi, yeasts, actinomycetes and cyanobacteria. Although cyanobacteria do not in general infect foods, their presence in aqueous systems and water supplies can lead to off-flavours in aquatic organisms and processed foodstuffs. Several examples of each of these processes are discussed. Wherever possible, the likely biosynthetic pathway used by the microorganism to produce the offending compound in a foodstuff is indicated.     

Analysis for organic residues from aids to polymerization used to make plastics intended for food contact

Polymers intended for food contact use have been analysed for organic residues which could be attributed to a range of substances employed as polymerization aids (e.g. initiators and catalysts). A wide range of polymers was extracted with solvents and the extracts analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The overwhelming majority of substances identified were not derived from aids to polymerization but were oligomers, additives and adventitious contaminants. However, a small number of substances were identified as initiator residues. These included tetramethylsuccinonitrile (TMSN) which was observed in two polymers and it derived from recombination of two azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) initiator radicals. Methyl benzoate, benzoic acid, biphenyl and phenyl benzoate were detected in one poly(methyl methacrylate) sample and in two polyvinylchlorides and they are thought to be derived from benzoyl peroxide initiator. TMSN was subsequently targeted for analysis of poly-(methyl methacrylate) plastics using proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry (¹     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part II: Medium molecular weight permeants

Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of different medium molecular weight model permeants: bisphenol A, warfarin and anthracene, from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 microns-thick orientated polypropylene--OPP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. The characterization of permeation kinetics generally observed the permeation models previously reported to explain the experimental permeation results obtained for a low molecular weight group of model permeants. In general, the model permeants exhibited behaviour consistent with their relative molecular weights with respect to (a) the time taken to attain steady-state permeation into the food simulant in which they were more soluble, (b) their subsequent steady-state permeation rates, and (c) their partition between liquid paraffin and the OPP membrane.     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. I: Interlaboratory studies of methods of analysis

This paper describes the first part of a project undertaken to develop mussel reference materials for Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning (PSP) toxins. Two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin (STX) and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin (dc-STX) in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the second part of the project: the certification exercise. In the first study, 18 laboratories were asked to measure STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and to identify as many other PSP toxins as possible with a method of their choice. In the second interlaboratory study, 15 laboratories were additionally asked to determine quantitatively STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The first study revealed that three out of four postcolumn derivatization methods and one pre-column derivatization method sufficed in principle to determine STX and dc-STX. Most participants (13 of 18) obtained acceptable calibration curves and recoveries. Saxitoxin was hardly detected in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels and results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 58% at a mass fraction of 1.86 mg/kg. Most participants (14 out of 18) identified gonyautoxin-5 (GTX-5) in a hydrolysed extract provided. The first study led to provisional criteria for linearity, recovery and separation. The second study revealed that 6 out of 15 laboratories were able to meet these criteria. Results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 3.49mg/kg. Results obtained for STX in the saxitoxin-enriched material yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 0.34mg/kg. Saxitoxin could not be detected in the PSP-positive material. Hydrolysis was useful to confirm the identity of GTX5 and provided indicative information about C1 and C2 toxins in the PSP-positive material. The methods used in the second interlaboratory study showed sufficiently consistent analysis results to undertake a certification exercise to assign certified values for STX and dc-STX in lyophilized mussel.     

The Ministry of Environmental Protection Issued "Feasible Technology Guidelines for Pollution Prevention and Control in Wood Pulping Process of the Paper Industry (Trial)" and Two Other Guiding Technical Documents

On December 27t＂, 2013, the Ministry of Environmenta Protection announced that, in order to implement ＂The Environmental Protection Law of the People＇ s Republic of China＂, improve the working system in environmenta protection technologies, and promote technologica advancement in pollution prevention, the Ministry of Environmental Protection sponsored the formulation of three guiding technical documents including ＂Feasible Technology Guidelines for Pollution Prevention and Contro n Wood Pulping Process of the Paper Industry （Trial）＂     

1~(st) Intelli-Tissue~ EcoEc Tissue Machine Supplied by PMP Group Successfully Put into Operation in China

正On April 29th,2014,Intelli-Tissue EcoEc tissue machine supplied by PMP Group successfully put into operation at Hebei Xuesong Paper Co.,Ltd.,this is the first such kind of paper machine of PMP Group in China.