冻藏猪肉新鲜度测定及方法改良

挥发性盐基氮(TVB-N)是衡量肉制品新鲜度的重要指标,GB/T5009.44—2003TVB-N的测定方法为半微量定氮法。依据GB2707—2005鲜(冻)畜肉挥发性盐基氮指标[TVB-N值(mg/100g)≤15],对猪肉在家庭冻藏条件(-18℃)下进行挥发性盐基氮含量的测定。     

零售生肉挥发性盐基氮的测定

<正>挥发性盐基氮(Total volatile Basic Nitrogen,简写TVB—N)是生肉质量重要的化学指标.肉中的蛋白质等在酶及微生物的作用下,分解而产生氨以及胺类等碱性含氮物质,这类物质均具有挥发性.生肉所含挥发性盐基氮的量能说明其新鲜程度.目前,市场上零售的生肉来源各异,质量相差较大,以次充好者并不鲜见,而通常只采用感官签别,有时会产生误差.因此,为了确保消费者和生产者的权益,保证食用安全,有必要对零售生肉进行科学的检验.挥发性盐基氮就是一个比较理想的生肉鲜度的指标.此外,本实验在测定TVB—N的同时,也进行了感官签定.     

对鲜肉TVB-N值限量标准的一点意见

本文通过对14例感官检验有轻度臭味的猪肉样进行了挥发性盐基氮的测定,结果表明:TVB——N均值(?)为8.98mg/100g,标准差S为0.765mg/100g,变异系数C.V为8.5%,TVB——N均值(?)的99%置信区间为8.366(mg/100g)≤(?)≤9.594(mg/100g).因此笔者认为TVB——N在8.0～10mg/100mg内的肉可视为新鲜肉.     

测定冻贮肉TVB—N值应注意的几个问题

<正>目前,挥发性盐基氮(TVB—N)是国标中用于评价肉质鲜度的唯一理化指标.对于冻肉而言,由于影响其TVB—N值的因素较多,且容易被忽视,常常造成测定结果缺乏代表性,给质检工作带来不良后果.为此,我们结合日常检测工作中碰到的问题,进行了一些试验,对影响TVB—N测定结果的有关因素进行了分析探讨,总结出实际工作中应注意的几个问题,以便利用TVB—N对冻肉新鲜度进行客观评价.     

肉与肉制品中挥发性盐基氮的测定

正为保证肉与肉制品的质量安全、规范肉与肉制品中挥发性盐基氮含量的测定、扩大食品安全国家标准的使用范围,国家卫生和计划生育委员会于2016年8月31日颁布GB 5009.228—2016《食品安全国家标准食品中挥发性盐基氮的测定》(以下简称新标准),自2017年3月1日起实施。新标准代替了GB/T 5009.44—2003《肉与肉制品卫生标准的分析方法》(以下简称旧标准),并将蛋与蛋制品以及水产品中挥发性盐基氮的测定方法一并整合为食品中挥发性盐基氮的测定。     

应用Kjeltec 8400全自动定氮仪测定鸡腿肉中挥发性盐基氮

正鸡腿肉中蛋白质极为丰富,在酶的作用和细菌繁殖生长下导致蛋白质分解出的碱性物质如具有挥发性的胺类和氨等是判定鸡腿肉细菌负荷和新鲜度的重要指标。鲜冻禽产品中挥发性盐基氮不得超过15 mg/100 g。采用GB 5009.228-2016第二法(凯氏定氮法),应用Kjeltec 8400全自动定氮仪测定鸡腿肉中挥发性盐基氮,重复性试验RSD1.0%,加标回收率在99.35%~100.40%,直接蒸馏样品     

动力学模型预测鲳鱼货架寿命的实验研究

通过不同温度下的贮藏实验研究了鲳鱼的菌落总数、挥发性盐基氮(TVB-N)、鲜度指标(K 值)与感官指标随贮藏时间的变化规律。建立了菌落总数、挥发性盐基氮和鲜度指标K值与贮藏时间及贮藏温度之间的动力学模型。实验表明一级化学反应动力学模型和Arrhenius 方程对微生物数量、挥发性盐基氮(TVBN)及鲜度指标(K 值)的变化具有较高的拟合精度(R2 ＞ 0.9)。菌落总数变化预测模型中的EA 及k0 分别为：47.60kJ/mol 和1.568 × 109,挥发性盐基氮变化的EA 及k0 分别为：50.80kJ/mol 和1.490 × 109,鲜度指标K 值变化的EA 及k0 分别为：43.81K J/mol 和3.553 × 107。     

微冻保鲜对南美白对虾品质的影响研究

以南美白对虾为试验对象,研究微冻保鲜(-4℃)对肌肉品质的影响。采用常规方法检测了对虾肌肉pH、挥发性盐基氮、细菌总数、K值以及硬度和弹性。结果表明,随着贮藏时间的延长,pH、挥发性盐基氮、细菌总数和K值呈现升高趋势,硬度和弹性指标呈现下降趋势。与4℃贮藏的对照组比较,微冻保鲜在贮藏后期显著改善了(P0.05)南美白对虾各项指标的变异程度,结果揭示微冻保鲜可以通过延缓对虾肌肉的腐败进而提高其品质,旨在为对虾保鲜技术提供一定的借鉴。     

江西质监部门提醒——谨防不新鲜的冻禽产品危害健康

江西省质量技术监督局日前对市场上销售的冻禽产品质量进行了监督抽查，结果发现有个别产品挥发性盐基氮超标。质监部门提醒说，食用挥发性盐基氮是反映产品新鲜程度的指标，这一指标超标表明产品受到了污染，消费者在选购时务必当心。     

凯式定氮仪测定肉与肉制品的挥发性盐基氮含量

挥发性盐基氮是肉与肉制品新鲜程度的重要指标,通常采用GB/T5009.44-2003国家标准进行测定。为提高挥发性盐基氮含量的测定速度,可采用全自动凯式定氮仪进行测定：凯式定氮法的重复性试验的RSD小于1.0%;凯式定氮法的加标回收率在98%-101%之间;凯式定氮法与国家标准方法测定结果的绝对差值〈10%,符合精密度要求。该方法适合肉与肉制品中挥发性盐基氮含量的快速测定。     

Textural Properties of Cold-set Gels Induced from Heat-denatured Whey Protein Isolates

A 9% whey protein (WP) isolate solution at pH 7.0 was heat-denatured at 80°C for 30 min. Size-exclusion HPLC showed that native WP formed soluble aggregates after heat-treatment. Additions of CaCl2 (10–40 mM), NaCl (50–400 mM) or glucono-delta-lactone (GDL, 0.4–2.0%, w/v) or hydrolysis by a protease from Bacillus licheniformis caused gelation of the denatured solution at 45°C. Textural parameters, hardness, adhesiveness, and cohesiveness of the gels so formed changed markedly with concentration of added salts or pH by added GDL. Maximum gel hardness occurred at 200 mM NaCl or pH 4.7. Increasing CaCl2 concentration continuously increased gel hardness. Generally, GDL-induced gels were harder than salt-induced gels, and much harder than the protease-induced gel.     

Occurrence of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in fish canned in oil

The levels of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) were quantified as part of a European survey on the migration of residues of epoxy resins into oil from canned fish. The contents of BFDGE in cans, lids and fish collected from all 15 Member States of the European Union and Switzerland were analysed in 382 samples. Cans and lids were separately extracted with acetonitrile. The extraction from fish was carried out with hexane followed by re-extraction with acetonitrile. The analysis was performed by reverse phase HPL C with fluorescence detection. BFDGE could be detected in 12% of the fish, 24% of the cans and 18% of the lids. Only 3% of the fish contained BFDGE in concentrations considerably above 1mg/kg. In addition to the presented data, a comparison was made with the levels of BADGE (bisphenol-A-diglycidyl ether)analysed in the same products in the context of a previous study.     

Review of techniques to manufacture micro-hydrogel particles for the food industry and their applications

Microgels are ‘soft’ microscopic cross-linked polymeric particles that are being increasingly exploited in a variety of industries for rheology control, encapsulation and targeted delivery. They are valued because of the ability to tune their functionality to address specific applications in oil recovery, coatings, drug delivery, cosmetics, personal care and foods. Food microgels are typically biopolymer hydrogels in the form of microspheres, nanospheres (also called nanogels), spheroids and fibres. The utilisation of engineered microgels in foods has so far been limited, despite their great potential to address several needs in the food industry, including: satiety control, encapsulation of phytonutrients and prebiotics, texture control for healthier food formulations (e.g. reduced fat products), and targeting delivery to specific areas in the digestive tract. We review the scientific and patent literature on the utilisation and manufacturing methods for producing microgels with an emphasis on micro-hydrogels for food applications.     

12—A CRITIQUE OF SOME HYPOTHESES RELATING TO THE HETEROGENEITY OF THE HIGH-SULPHUR PROTEINS OF WOOL

Joubert and Burns prepared a large number of fractions from the high-sulphur proteins of wool and estimated their molecular weights and amino-acid compositions. Their data have been re-examined in order to look for statistically significant interrelations between amino acids and between the proportion of various amino acids and molecular weight. Statistical analysis of the data is also used to examine the credibility of some hypotheses concerning the mechanism of keratin biosynthesis and to provide further evidence for the existence of families of proteins within the high-sulphur fractions of wool.     

Contribution of European research to risk analysis

The European Commission's, Quality of Life Research Programme, Key Action 1—Health, Food & Nutrition is mission-oriented and aims, amongst other things, at providing a healthy, safe and high-quality food supply leading to reinforced consumer confidence in the safety of European food. Its objectives also include the enhancing of the competitiveness of the European food supply. Key Action 1 is currently supporting a number of different types of European collaborative projects in the area of risk analysis. The objectives of these projects range from the development and validation of prevention strategies including the reduction of consumers risks; development and validation of new modelling approaches; harmonization of risk assessment principles, methodologies, and terminology; standardization of methods and systems used for the safety evaluation of transgenic food; providing of tools for the evaluation of human viral contamination of shellfish and quality control; new methodologies for assessing the potential of unintended effects of genetically modified (genetically modified) foods; development of a risk assessment model for Cryptosporidium parvum related to the food and water industries; to the development of a communication platform for genetically modified organism, producers, retailers, regulatory authorities and consumer groups to improve safety assessment procedures, risk management strategies and risk communication; development and validation of new methods for safety testing of transgenic food; evaluation of the safety and efficacy of iron supplementation in pregnant women; evaluation of the potential cancer-preventing activity of pro- and pre-biotic ('synbiotic') combinations in human volunteers. An overview of these projects is presented here.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of     

The Latest Data about Development of Chinese Printing Industry in 2013

In the 2014 China（Shanghai）International Printing Week,Director Wang Yanbin released the latest data about development of Chinese printing industry in 2013.According to statistics,in 2013,the total output value of Chinese printing industry exceeded 1trillion Yuan for the first time,reaching 1.03985 trillion Yuan.There were 105,000 printing enterprises in China,employees were 3.415 million.The total asset was 1.06247 trillion Yuan;     

The State Council Issued "Directory of Government Approved Investment Projects(2013 Edition)"

正On December 2nd,2013,the State Council issued the notification of"Directory of Government Approved Investment Projects(2013 Edition)"(hereafter referred to as"notification").It is pointed out in the"notification"that in order to further deepen reforms in investment systems and administrative examination and approval systems,simplify administrative procedures and delegate powers to lower levels,earnestly     

China textile machinery: taking off in progress

正Among the 1600 exhibitors who take apart in the ITMA ASIA+CITME2014 2/3 are Chinese manufactures.If the numerous figures failed to attract your attention,the increase of quality should draw your focus.To adopt the demand of developing textile machine market,domestic textile machinery enterprises now follow the slogan of"technology drives development"to enhance product competitiveness.Our domestic sellers will showcase product ranging from spinning,weaving,dyeing and printing,     

Top Ten News of China's Paper Industry 2013

On December 24th, 2013, the meeting on the selection of top 10 news of China＇s paper industry 2013 sponsored by 〈China Paper Newsletters〉 was held in Beijing. The yearly selection of the top l0 news, which began in 2000, has become a brand activity widely recognized in the industry thanks to the support from the authorities at all levels and public participation.