台湾的特产宝石——蓝玉髓

台湾特产宝石——蓝玉髓以其鲜艳的蓝色、蓝绿色倍受青睐，其阶值在台湾所产玉石中位居最高，在世界市场上也是一枝独秀。蓝玉髓产于台湾东岸的海岸山脉，属热液成因。对台湾蓝玉髓与其仿品进行了详细对比。     

台湾蓝玉髓

蓝玉髓因在中国台湾东部海岸山脉都兰山被发现，故也称“台湾蓝宝”。蓝玉髓属隐晶质石英宝石，它之所以呈蓝色是因为含有铜的缘故，台湾地区产的蓝玉髓也含有矽孔雀石。蓝玉髓在中低档玉石产品中，价格也是较高的。     

台湾蓝玉髓的另类模仿品

蓝玉髓是台湾最珍贵的宝石之一,它产于台湾东部海岸山脉一带,由于几十年来不断地采掘使得产量大减,在供不应求的情况下,各种模仿品应运而生,在台湾市场 最常见的模仿品有染色蓝玉髓、染色蓝石英岩及蓝色蛋白石。最近我们鉴定到一些新的模仿品,其折射率及比重非常接受蓝玉髓,但红外光谱显示与玻璃相同,以EDXRF分析,认定是人造玻璃。     

台湾绿玉髓的颜色成因

利用紫外-可见-近红外光谱仪、电子探针、X射线粉末衍射仪和红外光谱仪,对台湾绿玉髓的成分特征和谱学特征进行分析,着重对其致色元素及致色矿物分布特征进行研究,探讨了台湾绿玉髓的呈色机理。研究结果表明,台湾绿玉髓的颜色主要由微细的含铜矿物硅孔雀石致色。紫外-可见-近红外光谱显示570~800nm吸收峰为Cu~(2+)的~2E_g→~2T_(2g)自旋跃迁导致;电子探针面扫描测试发现台湾绿玉髓中的Cu元素分布不均匀,以杂质离子及含铜矿物形式存在;X射线粉末衍射测试结果证实了该含铜矿物为硅孔雀石;中红外光谱除显示典型石英质玉石的吸收峰外还测得硅孔雀石的吸收峰,进一步证实台湾绿玉髓中硅孔雀石的存在。     

台湾的宝玉石资源

台湾的宝玉石资源才文博台湾的宝玉石资源主要产于台湾东部地区及澎湖群岛，其中的台湾玉、台湾蓝玉髓、文石、珊瑚为著名。一、台湾玉即台湾产的软玉的商业名称。又名台湾闪玉。在台湾不常使用软玉这个名称，而称闪玉。可磨制猫眼，又称猫眼闪玉、软玉猫眼，也称台湾猫眼...     

藏在深谷的一抹幽蓝—台湾蓝玉髓

台湾都兰山，被台湾原住民视为圣山，在附近的村落里考古发掘出的石棺也都是朝着都兰山的方向，表现出族人希望逝者魂归圣山的向往。就在这终年云雾缭绕的山里，还隐藏着一抹抹神秘深邃的幽蓝，这就是台湾人视为珍宝的台湾蓝玉髓。据说山上有条巨大的蟒蛇终年守护着藏宝之地，只要是想采宝的人都会迷失方向，     

土耳其蓝玉髓的颜色成因探究

土耳其蓝玉髓是以石英为主的隐晶质集合体,本文利用红外光谱、X射线粉末衍射、X射线荧光能谱和紫外-可见分光光度计进行测试分析,确定了土耳其蓝玉髓的矿物成分及包体特征,并检测到微量元素Cu和Fe的稳定析出,推测其为使样品呈紫蓝色的致色元素。     

台湾蓝宝石

产于我国台湾省东部的一种颜色甚似优质绿松石的蓝玉髓,享有“台湾蓝宝石”之称。据研究,这种玉髓之所以具有美丽的蓝色,与其组成中有硅酸铜(可能是蓝色的羟硅铜矿Ca_5[SiO_3]_4(OH)_2或硅孔雀石(Cu、Al)_2H_2Si_2O_5(OH)_4、H_2O)的存在有关。除此之外,它还含有少量的绿松石和蛋白石。     

珠宝台湾行 不做游客做岛民

相信不少热爱旅行的朋友都有去过宝岛台湾的经历，在饱览了风光旖旎的秀美山川之后，是否有购买一些重量级的特产带给家人与朋友呢？您听说过号称台湾“三宝”的珊瑚、蓝玉髓、软玉吗？想不想去这“三宝”的产地去走一走，转一转，看看是什么样的风水宝地才能孕育出这些大自然的精灵呢？     

蓝色的动物乐园——蓝玉髓作品欣赏

一千万年前．一股来自地球内部的熔浆顺裂隙而上．经过上千公里的长途跋涉后．被稀释为一股热液．在靠近地表的地方停了下来。这股最初炙热的红色熔浆．经过神奇的幻化后．凝结出像天空那样纯净的蓝色矿石。沉睡了千万年后．这种美丽的矿石在台湾都兰山被人们发现．取名为蓝玉髓。     

Textural Properties of Cold-set Gels Induced from Heat-denatured Whey Protein Isolates

A 9% whey protein (WP) isolate solution at pH 7.0 was heat-denatured at 80°C for 30 min. Size-exclusion HPLC showed that native WP formed soluble aggregates after heat-treatment. Additions of CaCl2 (10–40 mM), NaCl (50–400 mM) or glucono-delta-lactone (GDL, 0.4–2.0%, w/v) or hydrolysis by a protease from Bacillus licheniformis caused gelation of the denatured solution at 45°C. Textural parameters, hardness, adhesiveness, and cohesiveness of the gels so formed changed markedly with concentration of added salts or pH by added GDL. Maximum gel hardness occurred at 200 mM NaCl or pH 4.7. Increasing CaCl2 concentration continuously increased gel hardness. Generally, GDL-induced gels were harder than salt-induced gels, and much harder than the protease-induced gel.     

Occurrence of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in fish canned in oil

The levels of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) were quantified as part of a European survey on the migration of residues of epoxy resins into oil from canned fish. The contents of BFDGE in cans, lids and fish collected from all 15 Member States of the European Union and Switzerland were analysed in 382 samples. Cans and lids were separately extracted with acetonitrile. The extraction from fish was carried out with hexane followed by re-extraction with acetonitrile. The analysis was performed by reverse phase HPL C with fluorescence detection. BFDGE could be detected in 12% of the fish, 24% of the cans and 18% of the lids. Only 3% of the fish contained BFDGE in concentrations considerably above 1mg/kg. In addition to the presented data, a comparison was made with the levels of BADGE (bisphenol-A-diglycidyl ether)analysed in the same products in the context of a previous study.     

Contribution of European research to risk analysis

The European Commission's, Quality of Life Research Programme, Key Action 1—Health, Food & Nutrition is mission-oriented and aims, amongst other things, at providing a healthy, safe and high-quality food supply leading to reinforced consumer confidence in the safety of European food. Its objectives also include the enhancing of the competitiveness of the European food supply. Key Action 1 is currently supporting a number of different types of European collaborative projects in the area of risk analysis. The objectives of these projects range from the development and validation of prevention strategies including the reduction of consumers risks; development and validation of new modelling approaches; harmonization of risk assessment principles, methodologies, and terminology; standardization of methods and systems used for the safety evaluation of transgenic food; providing of tools for the evaluation of human viral contamination of shellfish and quality control; new methodologies for assessing the potential of unintended effects of genetically modified (genetically modified) foods; development of a risk assessment model for Cryptosporidium parvum related to the food and water industries; to the development of a communication platform for genetically modified organism, producers, retailers, regulatory authorities and consumer groups to improve safety assessment procedures, risk management strategies and risk communication; development and validation of new methods for safety testing of transgenic food; evaluation of the safety and efficacy of iron supplementation in pregnant women; evaluation of the potential cancer-preventing activity of pro- and pre-biotic ('synbiotic') combinations in human volunteers. An overview of these projects is presented here.     

低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性

为研究低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性,以经低温脱脂的带皮菜籽粕为原料,经微粉碎后筛分成212~425μm、150~212μm和106~150μm的3个不同粒级的微粉样品,检测这些样品的吸水性、吸油性、乳化性和乳化稳定性、蛋白质体外消化率。结果表明:1 3个不同粒级的微粉样品之间的粗纤维含量存在显著差异,表明三者的结构组成成分有一定差异。23个微粉样品的乳化活性和乳化稳定性随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。33个微粉样品的蛋白质体外消化率随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。4不同粒级带皮菜籽粕微粉样品的吸水性与吸油性受其结构组成物质不同和粒度的双重影响,与粒度的相关性不明显。     

Microbiology of food taints

Fresh and processed foods are often spoilt by the presence of undesirable flavours and odours caused by microbial action. The aim of this paper is to review the current knowledge of microbiologically induced taints that occur in a wide range of foodstuffs, including meats, poultry, fish, crustaceans, milk, dairy products, fruits, vegetables, cereals and cereal products. Examples have been chosen where the compounds responsible for the taint have been identified and sufficient data obtained to demonstrate the involvement of microorganisms. However, in some cases the full identity of the causative organism may not have been elucidated. The types of microorganisms covered by this review include bacteria, fungi, yeasts, actinomycetes and cyanobacteria. Although cyanobacteria do not in general infect foods, their presence in aqueous systems and water supplies can lead to off-flavours in aquatic organisms and processed foodstuffs. Several examples of each of these processes are discussed. Wherever possible, the likely biosynthetic pathway used by the microorganism to produce the offending compound in a foodstuff is indicated.     

Analysis for organic residues from aids to polymerization used to make plastics intended for food contact

Polymers intended for food contact use have been analysed for organic residues which could be attributed to a range of substances employed as polymerization aids (e.g. initiators and catalysts). A wide range of polymers was extracted with solvents and the extracts analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The overwhelming majority of substances identified were not derived from aids to polymerization but were oligomers, additives and adventitious contaminants. However, a small number of substances were identified as initiator residues. These included tetramethylsuccinonitrile (TMSN) which was observed in two polymers and it derived from recombination of two azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) initiator radicals. Methyl benzoate, benzoic acid, biphenyl and phenyl benzoate were detected in one poly(methyl methacrylate) sample and in two polyvinylchlorides and they are thought to be derived from benzoyl peroxide initiator. TMSN was subsequently targeted for analysis of poly-(methyl methacrylate) plastics using proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry (¹     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part II: Medium molecular weight permeants

Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of different medium molecular weight model permeants: bisphenol A, warfarin and anthracene, from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 microns-thick orientated polypropylene--OPP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. The characterization of permeation kinetics generally observed the permeation models previously reported to explain the experimental permeation results obtained for a low molecular weight group of model permeants. In general, the model permeants exhibited behaviour consistent with their relative molecular weights with respect to (a) the time taken to attain steady-state permeation into the food simulant in which they were more soluble, (b) their subsequent steady-state permeation rates, and (c) their partition between liquid paraffin and the OPP membrane.     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. I: Interlaboratory studies of methods of analysis

This paper describes the first part of a project undertaken to develop mussel reference materials for Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning (PSP) toxins. Two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin (STX) and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin (dc-STX) in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the second part of the project: the certification exercise. In the first study, 18 laboratories were asked to measure STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and to identify as many other PSP toxins as possible with a method of their choice. In the second interlaboratory study, 15 laboratories were additionally asked to determine quantitatively STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The first study revealed that three out of four postcolumn derivatization methods and one pre-column derivatization method sufficed in principle to determine STX and dc-STX. Most participants (13 of 18) obtained acceptable calibration curves and recoveries. Saxitoxin was hardly detected in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels and results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 58% at a mass fraction of 1.86 mg/kg. Most participants (14 out of 18) identified gonyautoxin-5 (GTX-5) in a hydrolysed extract provided. The first study led to provisional criteria for linearity, recovery and separation. The second study revealed that 6 out of 15 laboratories were able to meet these criteria. Results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 3.49mg/kg. Results obtained for STX in the saxitoxin-enriched material yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 0.34mg/kg. Saxitoxin could not be detected in the PSP-positive material. Hydrolysis was useful to confirm the identity of GTX5 and provided indicative information about C1 and C2 toxins in the PSP-positive material. The methods used in the second interlaboratory study showed sufficiently consistent analysis results to undertake a certification exercise to assign certified values for STX and dc-STX in lyophilized mussel.     

Focus on China's Paper Industry

In the English section of this issue, 〈China Paper Newsletters〉 will introduce ＂National Development and Reform Commission Issued Announcement for Selection of Major Preliminary Research Projects for the ＇13th Five-Year Plan＇＂, ＂2013 Annual Report of China＇s Paper Industry＂, and news of projects and other policies.     

Listen to downstream & search for innovation

正Nowadays,textile enterprises are all taking efforts in transformation and upgrading,like improving producing capacity and optimizing production structure to face market downturn.It claimed a higher request to the standard of textile equipments.In the upcoming of ITMA ASIA+CITME 2014exhibition,this magazine have interviewed several branch associations and a series of relative enterprises,to summarize industrial developing status