黑豆皮多酚提取物抗氧化活性研究

以黑豆皮为原料,分别利用体积分数70%的甲醇、乙醇和丙酮作为提取溶剂进行多酚类物质提取,研究提取物中总酚、总黄酮含量及抗氧化活性。结果显示:丙酮提取物的多酚得率最高[(11.23±0.05)g/100g],且提取物中的总酚含量为(845.32±21.35)mg/g,总黄酮含量为(63.72±2.35)mg/g。同时,丙酮提取物对DPPH自由基和ABTS自由基的IC_(50)分别为(0.059±0.005),(0.057±0.004)mg/mL,其抗氧化能力低于抗坏血酸而高于甲醇和乙醇提取物。     

蜂胶乙醇提取物对α-葡萄糖苷酶的抑制作用

为了研究蜂胶对餐后血糖控制机理,本实验采用体外α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制模型研究蜂胶乙醇提取物对α-葡萄糖苷酶的抑制作用,并采用Lineweaver-Burk双倒数法研究其动力学性质。结果表明,蜂胶乙醇提取物对α-葡萄糖苷酶的半数抑制浓度(IC50)为(0.8260±0.1754)mg/mL,抑制常数(KI)为(0.0265±0.0060)mg/mL。动力学研究表明,蜂胶乙醇提取物对α-葡萄糖苷酶的抑制作用为典型的非竞争性抑制。     

八种蜂花粉醇提物中总多酚和总黄酮含量测定

为测定蜂花粉的功能性成分,用不同浓度乙醇(0%、30%、50%、70%、80%、100%)对杏花、茶花、荷花、油菜、荞麦、向日葵、玫瑰、五味子蜂花粉进行提取.结果表明:八种蜂花粉中多酚和黄酮类物质最适宜用80%乙醇提取,荷花花粉水提多酚提取量高于醇提物.五味子花粉的总多酚含量最高,为19.74±0.20mg/g,荷花花粉的总多酚含量最低,为1.50±0.02mg/g;油菜花粉的总黄酮含量最高,为24.00±0.17mg/g,荷花花粉的总黄酮含量最低,为0.90±0.01mg/g.     

柿叶多酚的提取及体外生物活性的研究

利用水以及不同体积百分比(20%、40%、60%、80%和100%)的甲醇、乙醇、丙酮时柿(Diospyros kaki cv.Mopan)叶中的多酚物质进行提取,提取率最高的不同溶剂提取物采用HP-20大孔树脂进行纯化,分别得到了水提取物(WE)、甲醇提取物(ME)、乙醇提取物(EE)和丙酮提取物(AE),并时不同提取物的体外抗氧化活性、胶原酶和酪氨酸酶抑制活性进行了分析和比较.结果表明.柿叶中的多酚含量相于27.4±0.21mg GA/g(干重).采用体积分数为60%的丙酮溶液提取柿叶多酚时.柿叶多酚的提取率最高,为74.3%±2.3%.60%丙酮提取物对1,1-二苯基-2-苦基苯肼(DPPH)自由基的清除能力最高,达O.27±0.02μmol Trolox/mg,对胶原酶和酪氨酸酶也具有较高的抑制活性,IC50值分别为92.8 4-2.9μg/mL和185.4±5.3μg/mL.     

竹叶椒乙醇提取物对α-葡萄糖苷酶的抑制作用及其机理研究

目的:研究竹叶椒乙醇提取物对α-糖苷酶的抑制作用。方法:本实验采用体外抑制模型评价竹叶椒乙醇提取物对α-葡萄糖苷酶(酵母菌来源、小鼠小肠来源)和α-淀粉酶的抑制活性。并采用Lineweaver-Burk双倒数法研究α-葡萄糖苷酶的动力学性质。结果:竹叶椒乙醇提取物对α-葡萄糖苷酶(酵母菌来源)的半数抑制浓度(IC50)为(0.660±0.145)mg·m L-1,对小鼠小肠内α-葡萄糖苷酶半数抑制浓度(1.944±0.078)mg·m L-1,α-淀粉酶的半数抑制浓度为(1.185±0.132)mg·m L-1。动力学研究表明,竹叶椒乙醇提取物对α-葡萄糖苷酶的抑制作用为典型非竞争性抑制。结论:竹叶椒乙醇提取物对α-糖苷酶活性的抑制效果显著,具有很好的开发利用价值。     

中心组合试验设计响应面分析法优化蜂胶总多酚提取工艺

利用星点设计-响应面分析法(CCD-RSM)优化蜂胶总多酚的超声提取工艺。在单因素试验基础上,选取超声时间、液料比和乙醇体积分数为影响因素,以Folin-Ciocalteus法测定总多酚含量作为响应值进行响应面分析,确定最佳提取条件。结果表明:超声提取时间24.0min、乙醇体积分数77.0%、料液比1:14(g/mL)时,在此条件蜂胶总多酚提取量为3.34mg/100mg。该提取方法简单快速有效,提高了蜂胶中总多酚的提取率。     

‘鲁赫’刺蔷薇叶不同溶剂提取物的活性成分及抗氧化性比较

本研究以‘鲁赫’刺蔷薇叶为原料,采用超声波辅助提取法,用不同溶剂(蒸馏水、无水乙醇、20%乙醇,40%乙醇,60%乙醇,80%乙醇,正丁醇、丙酮和乙酸乙酯)对叶中总黄酮、总多酚和原花青素进行提取,测定提取液的抗氧化活性(DPPH自由基清除能力、羟基自由基清除能力及总还原力),分析不同极性溶液对活性成分的提取效率,并评价抗氧化能力与活性成分的相关性。结果表明:不同极性溶剂提取效果不同,其中60%乙醇提取物具有最高的粗提物得率(23.76±0.04)%;60%乙醇提取物的总黄酮和总多酚含量均为最高,分别为74.29±0.01 mg/g和24.02±0.2 mg/g;80%乙醇提取物原花青素含量最高(12.92±0.46)mg/g。活性成分含量与抗氧化性之间呈正相关性。总多酚和总黄酮类化合物是‘鲁赫’刺蔷薇叶提取物抗氧化活性的主要贡献者。     

粗毛纤孔菌(Inonotus hispidus)的鉴定及其子实体不同溶剂提取物的抗氧化活性与抑菌活性研究

采用rDNA ITS序列分析对一株野生桑黄菌(SH)进行鉴定,研究了其子实体不同溶剂(70%乙醇、甲醇、乙酸乙酯、氯仿)提取物中的总黄酮、总多酚与抗氧化活性的相关性以及4种提取物的抑菌活性。结果表明:该野生桑黄菌为粗毛纤孔菌(Inonotus hispidus),其子实体不同溶剂提取物的总黄酮、总多酚、抗氧化活性和抑菌活性存在显著差异,其中甲醇提取物中的总黄酮和总多酚含量最高,分别为(14.78±0.16)mg芦丁/g和(67.42±1.41)mg没食子酸/g;70%乙醇提取物的和DPPH·清除能力ABTS+·清除能力最强,分别为(43.83±0.03)和(116.08±0.24)mg Trolox/g,甲醇提取物的铁离子还原能力最强,为(126.24±3.02)mg Trolox/g;总多酚和总黄酮含量与FRAP法之间呈极显著正相关(p<0.01),总多酚与ABTS+·清除能力和DPPH·清除能力之间呈显著相关(p<0.05),而总黄酮与ABTS+·清除能力和DPPH·清除能力不相关;70%乙醇提取物和甲醇提取物的抑菌效果最好,其中对草莓灰葡萄孢霉的抑菌效果最好(抑菌圈直径>30 mm),其次是对金黄色葡萄球菌(抑菌圈直径>15 mm),对大肠杆菌的抑菌效果最差(抑菌圈直径>10 mm)。研究发现粗毛纤孔菌甲醇提取物的总多酚、总黄酮含量最高,抗氧化活性和抑菌活性最强,是天然抗氧化剂的良好来源。     

酶辅助提取沉香叶多酚及其抗氧化性研究

以沉香叶为原料,采用酶辅助有机溶剂浸提法提取沉香叶多酚,探讨了酶种类、乙醇浓度、酶解温度、酶解pH值、酶添加量、底物质量浓度及酶解时间对多酚得率的影响,在单因素基础上,运用正交试验优化提取工艺;采用清除自由基法评价多酚提取物的抗氧化性。结果表明,纤维素酶辅助乙醇法提取沉香叶多酚的效果最好,最佳提取条件为:乙醇浓度60%(v/v),酶解温度50℃,酶解pH5,酶添加量200 U/g、底物质量浓度5 g/100 mL,时间2 h,此条件下多酚的得率为4.96%(w/w);沉香叶多酚提取物具有较强的抗氧化性,清除ABTS自由基、DPPH自由基和·OH自由基的半数有效浓度(EC_(50))值分别为(0.025±0.002)、(0.106±0.006)、(0.12±0.001)mg/mL。     

浸提对甜橙果皮中黄烷酮和多甲氧基黄酮的影响及其抗氧化活性研究

以甜橙果皮为材料,采用加热浸提法,研究乙醇体积分数、时间、温度、以及料液比等提取参数对黄烷酮和多甲氧基黄酮含量的影响。利用水沉法精制甜橙果皮黄酮提取物,并研究了精制后甜橙总黄酮的体外抗氧化活性。结果表明,甜橙果皮中黄酮类物质主要为黄烷酮和多甲氧基黄酮,不同提取参数下,两者的变化趋势差异明显。其中黄烷酮的最佳提取工艺为:乙醇体积分数70%,料液比为1∶20,90℃提取4 h,达到(24.74±0.42)mg/g;而多甲氧基黄酮提取的最佳条件为:乙醇体积分数80%,料液比为1∶10,60℃提取2 h,可达(2.83±0.08)mg/g。水沉法能够有效地除去糖类、有机酸,脂溶性色素等杂质,可以用于精制甜橙果皮总黄酮提取物,精制后的提取物总黄酮纯度从12.34%提高到42.05%。采用自由基清除(2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radicals,DPPH)和自由基抗氧化(2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiozoline-6)-sulphonicacid,ABTS)法研究提取物的抗氧化活性,发现抗氧化性与提取物中总黄酮含量呈极显著相关。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Textural Properties of Cold-set Gels Induced from Heat-denatured Whey Protein Isolates

A 9% whey protein (WP) isolate solution at pH 7.0 was heat-denatured at 80°C for 30 min. Size-exclusion HPLC showed that native WP formed soluble aggregates after heat-treatment. Additions of CaCl2 (10–40 mM), NaCl (50–400 mM) or glucono-delta-lactone (GDL, 0.4–2.0%, w/v) or hydrolysis by a protease from Bacillus licheniformis caused gelation of the denatured solution at 45°C. Textural parameters, hardness, adhesiveness, and cohesiveness of the gels so formed changed markedly with concentration of added salts or pH by added GDL. Maximum gel hardness occurred at 200 mM NaCl or pH 4.7. Increasing CaCl2 concentration continuously increased gel hardness. Generally, GDL-induced gels were harder than salt-induced gels, and much harder than the protease-induced gel.     

Influence des ions sur le pouvoir hydratant de l'ure e: e tude sur peau de porc ex vivo

This study deals with the influence of ions (NaCl and MgSO4) in a W/O emulsion containing 10% urea. Moisturization kinetics are assessed by corneometry on pig skin ex vivo. The formula's influence on urea penetration is measured by infrared spectrometry with an ATR device and the stripping method. Corneometry and spectroscopy were chosen to record simultaneously the hydratation levels and urea localization into superficial cell layers. Urea crystallization after evaporation of emulsions and aqueous solutions is described. Results show that urea does not hydrate nor penetrate when applied to the skin through an aqueous gel. In a W/O emulsion, sodium chloride increases the ability of urea to moisturize without improving penetration. In vitro urea crystallization is disturbed by sodium chloride or magnesium sulphate for solutions and emulsions. This stabilization by ions is correlated with good moisturization values. The stabilization of urea in the solute state provided by ions increases its water epidermal binding capacity without enhancing penetration.     

Occurrence of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in fish canned in oil

The levels of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) were quantified as part of a European survey on the migration of residues of epoxy resins into oil from canned fish. The contents of BFDGE in cans, lids and fish collected from all 15 Member States of the European Union and Switzerland were analysed in 382 samples. Cans and lids were separately extracted with acetonitrile. The extraction from fish was carried out with hexane followed by re-extraction with acetonitrile. The analysis was performed by reverse phase HPL C with fluorescence detection. BFDGE could be detected in 12% of the fish, 24% of the cans and 18% of the lids. Only 3% of the fish contained BFDGE in concentrations considerably above 1mg/kg. In addition to the presented data, a comparison was made with the levels of BADGE (bisphenol-A-diglycidyl ether)analysed in the same products in the context of a previous study.     

Analysis on Economic Indicators from 62 Enterprises in Printing Machinery Industry in Q1 2014

Operation of printing machine industry was still unsatisfactory in the first quarter of 2014.Analysis on operation of printing machine industry.a.Market demand was not strong;sales of product undulated and declined.According to the statistics,the total industrial output value fell by 19.28% in the first quarter of 2014 than the average quarter value in 2013; industrial added value decreased by 4.16%; sales revenue dropped by 22.83%. h. Business operation of enterprises was in poor condition. c. R＆D of new products is an important transformation guarantee for enterprises. d. To take self explore new ways upgrading advantages,and explore new ways.