4种氨基酸与木糖美拉德反应产物的抗氧化活性研究

为分析美拉德反应产物的抗氧化活性,用木糖与不同氨基酸(甘氨酸、赖氨酸、精氨酸和天冬氨酸)进行模式美拉德反应。以DPPH自由基(DPPH·)清除率作为美拉德反应产物(MRPs)抗氧化活性指标,探索了反应时间、反应pH、反应温度以及氨基酸和木糖的质量比4个因素对MRPs抗氧化性的影响,并通过均匀实验得到最佳工艺条件。结果表明:赖氨酸-木糖模式MRPs对DPPH自由基(DPPH·)清除率最高,抗氧化活性最强。其最佳工艺条件:温度140℃,反应时间60min,反应初始pH 7.0,赖氨酸与木糖质量比3∶1。     

酪蛋白与还原糖美拉德反应产物抗氧化性的研究

采用酪蛋白同还原糖（葡萄糖∶乳糖=1∶1）发生美拉德反应,研究其美拉德反应产物（MRPs）的抗氧化活性,测定了MRPs的还原力和对DPPH自由基的清除率。根据单因素及正交实验结果表明,酪蛋白与还原糖反应得到的美拉德反应产物的抗氧化活性同反应物浓度、反应温度、反应时间、反应起始pH存在一定的量效关系,并且确定酪蛋白浓度为3%、反应温度为100℃、反应时间为6h、反应起始pH10时是最佳美拉德反应模式,此时MRPs的抗氧化活性较强,DPPH·清除率可达72.87%。     

反应条件对壳聚糖/果糖美拉德产物抗氧化性和抑菌性的影响

壳聚糖具有较强的抑菌性,但其抗氧化性能较差。通过美拉德反应,对壳聚糖进行改性,以增强其抗氧化性和抑菌性。研究了壳聚糖/果糖配比、反应温度、pH和反应物浓度对美拉德产物(MRPs)的抗氧化性和抑菌性的影响。结果表明,壳聚糖/果糖配比1∶1,反应温度121℃,反应体系初始pH5.0,反应物浓度2%时,所得到的MRPs的抗氧化性和抑菌性较强;通过美拉德反应的改性处理,壳聚糖MRPs的抗氧化性和抑菌性明显优于壳聚糖本身。     

鱼肉蛋白-D-木糖MRPs抗氧化活性的研究

为分析实际体系美拉德反应产物(MRPs)的抗氧化活性,采用4种不同品种鱼肉(鲢鱼、草鱼、鲫鱼和鲤鱼)蛋白与D-木糖建立实际体系进行美拉德反应,反应产物通过恒温油浴加热制备,以DPPH自由基(DPPH·)作为美拉德反应产物抗氧化活性的测定指标。单因素试验考察加热温度、时间、p H及反应底物质量比对美拉德反应的影响,优化出MRPs抗氧化活性最强的鲫鱼蛋白-D-木糖为实际反应体系。均匀试验结果表明,鲫鱼蛋白-D-木糖实际体系MRPs对DPPH自由基的清除率最高,抗氧化活性最强。且最佳工艺条件为:反应时间70 min,温度136℃,初始p H 12.0及反应底物质量比(鲫鱼蛋白∶D-木糖)为3∶1。     

不同反应溶剂对鲫鱼蛋白-D-木糖体系美拉德反应产物抗氧化活性的影响

采用4种不同反应溶剂(纯水、50%乙醇、50%甲醇、50%异丙醇)进行美拉德反应,以DPPH作为美拉德反应产物(MRPs)抗氧化活性的检测指标,从温度、时间、p H值、反应底物质量比4方面进行单因素试验,分别考查这4个因素对MRPs抗氧化活性的影响,最佳反应条件通过均匀试验选出.结果表明,4种溶剂对美拉德反应的影响趋势基本一致,对DPPH自由基清除率的高低顺序依次为:50%乙醇50%甲醇50%异丙醇纯水;得到的最佳优化条件为:温度134℃,反应时间87 min,反应初始p H=12.0,鲫鱼蛋白与D-木糖质量比为3∶1,此时在50%乙醇作为反应溶剂的条件下的MRPs抗氧化活性最强,经计算得出对DPPH自由基的理论清除率为41.59%,实际试验清除率为40.72%,优化结果可靠.     

大豆蛋白美拉德反应产物的抗氧化特性及其机理

大豆分离蛋白(SPI)与葡萄糖按质量比1∶1混合生成美拉德产物(MRPs),通过测定不同反应温度条件(70℃、80℃、90℃)、不同反应时间(0,1,2,3,4,5,6 h)的MRPs的游离氨基含量、褐变程度、还原能力、羟自由基清除能力、DPPH自由基清除能力、紫外光谱扫描分析和聚丙烯酰氨凝胶电泳(SDS-PAGE)等指标,探讨MRPs的抗氧化性及其形成机理。结果表明:随着反应时间的延长,MRPs中游离氨基含量逐渐减少(P0.05)。反应褐变程度越大,MRPs的抗氧化性越高。随着反应温度的提高,MRPs的抗氧化性增强,其中90℃6 h MRPs具有最高的还原能力,比SPI还原能力高5.6倍;90℃5 h的MRPs羟自由基清除能力与SPI相比提高了1.69倍,其DPPH自由基清除能力高达68.55%,是SPI的DPPH自由基清除能力的3.67倍,紫外扫描结果表明:MRPs的色氨酸吸收峰强度随着反应时间的延长逐渐增强,而80℃和90℃6 h MRPs色氨酸吸收峰有明显减弱趋势。SDS-PAGE显示:随着反应的进行,MRPs的α′和α亚基条带逐渐变浅,并生成的大分子物质,发生聚集。大豆蛋白葡萄糖反应生成的MRPs具有很强的抗氧化性,其与蛋白结构的变化密切相关。     

葡萄糖与赖氨酸美拉德反应产物的抗氧化性研究

采用赖氨酸与葡萄糖发生美拉德反应,研究了不同反应条件(温度、时间、pH和反应物浓度)对美拉德反应产物(Maillard Reaction Products,MRPs)抗氧化性能的影响,并以对超氧阴离子自由基(02-·)清除率和DPPH·清除率为指标,评价了MRPs的抗氧化能力.确定不同反应体系得到的MRPs,都具有较好的清除效果;其中最佳抗氧化反应模式为:反应时间8h,pH9,温度为100℃,氨基与羰基比1:2时,对02-·和DPPH·清除率分别可达到82.35％和71.12％.     

干热条件下大豆分离蛋白—木糖美拉德反应研究

采用干热条件处理大豆分离蛋白(SPI)和木糖,使两者发生美拉德反应,研究反应温度、混合比例、相对湿度及反应时间对美拉德反应的影响,同时检测美拉德反应产物的热性能和流变学性质。结果表明,在干热条件下SPI与木糖极易发生美拉德反应,且最适条件为反应温度80℃、SPI∶木糖混合比例4∶1、相对湿度26.10%、反应时间5 h,在此条件下所得产物在290 nm处有最大吸光值。示差扫描量热法表明美拉德反应产生了易分解的中间产物,流变学研究则表明SPI和木糖通过美拉德反应形成了大分子产物,使得产物溶液的弹性特征明显增强、粘度明显增加。综上所述,干热条件下的美拉德反应在SPI改性中具有较大的应用潜力。     

大豆糖蛋白的抗氧化特性及其机理

将大豆分离蛋白(SPI)与葡萄糖按质量比1∶2混合,通过美拉德反应生成大豆糖蛋白,测定不同反应温度(70,80,90℃)、不同反应时间(0,1,2,3,4,5,6h)条件的大豆糖蛋白的还原能力、羟自由基清除能力、DPPH自由基清除能力、游离氨基含量、褐变程度,紫外光谱扫描分析和聚丙烯酰氨凝胶电泳(SDS-PAGE)等指标,探讨大豆糖蛋白的抗氧化性及其作用机理。结果表明:随着反应时间的延长,大豆糖蛋白中游离氨基含量逐渐减少(P0.05),反应褐变程度越大,抗氧化性越高,其中90℃6 h的大豆糖蛋白具有最高的还原能力,比SPI还原能力高5.6倍;90℃5 h的MRPs羟自由基清除能力与SPI相比提高了1.69倍,其DPPH自由基清除能力高达68.55%,是SPI的DPPH自由基清除能力的3.67倍。紫外扫描结果表明:MRPs的色氨酸吸收峰强度随着反应时间的延长逐渐增强,而80℃和90℃6 h MRPs色氨酸吸收峰有明显减弱趋势。SDS-PAGE电泳图谱表明,随着反应的进行,MRPs的α′和α亚基条带逐渐变浅,生成的大分子物质发生聚集。大豆蛋白葡萄糖反应生成的MRPs具有很强的抗氧化性,其抗氧化性与蛋白结构的变化密切相关。     

大豆分离蛋白超声处理对其与木糖美拉德反应及产物乳化能力的影响

将大豆分离蛋白（soybean protein isolate,SPI）经过超声波预处理不同时间,然后与木糖（xylose,XYL）以质量比4∶1在湿热条件（90?℃、6?h）下发生美拉德反应制备美拉德产物（Maillard reaction products,MRPs）,并以此产物为乳化剂、大豆油为分散相制备乳状液,研究SPI超声处理对其与XYL美拉德反应及所得MRPs乳化能力的影响。结果表明：对SPI进行超声处理可以显著促进其与XYL之间的美拉德反应,并提高相应MRPs的Zeta电位、荧光强度及乳化能力。粒径分析和分层指数分析表明,与天然SPI相比,其经超声处理后再与XYL发生美拉德反应降低了相应MRPs稳定乳液在环境离子强度、加热及pH值发生变化时的聚集程度,但是对乳液的分层情况没有明显的改善作用。     

The effect of in vitro gastrointestinal simulation on bioactivities of kefir

Kefir is a fermented milk beverage and known to have positive effects on gut microbial diversity and human health. In this study, digested and undigested kefir samples were compared for changes in their antihypertensive, antidiabetic, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. Results showed that the amount of total phenolic substances, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging (DPPH) activity, and the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACE-I) activity increased from 43.76 ± 0.005 mg gallic acid equivalents (GAE)/L, 4.20 ± 0.55%, and 9.91 ± 3.90% in undigested kefir to 668.16 ± 3.332 mg GAE/L, 63.06 ± 0.64%, and 98.88 ± 0.42% in digested kefir, respectively. While the dipeptidyl peptidase IV-inhibitory (DPPIV-I) activity of undigested kefir increased by 19.11 ± 7.35% after digestion, the optical density of the ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) decreased from 1.188 ± 0.05 to 0.278 ± 0.009, and the protein amount decreased from 101.4 mg L⁻¹ to 12.42 mg L⁻¹ in digested kefir. No antimicrobial effect was observed in undigested kefir, whereas, digested kefir samples were active, but only against Escherichia coli. These results show that the gastrointestinal digestion processes of kefir generally increase the number of bioactive molecules, and the digestion process must be taken into account to determine the biological capability of foods.     

驴乳的营养成分及其保健作用的研究进展

驴乳作为营养品广泛使用已有数千年的历史,因其含有多种营养成分和生物活性,是婴幼儿、老年及体弱者补充营养物质的重要来源。该文综述驴乳的营养成分和抗菌、抗炎、抗氧化、抗过敏等保健作用,以期为驴乳产业提供新的方向和理论支持。     

Antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anticancer activity of 3 Umbilicaria species

Abstract: The aim of this study is to investigate in vitro antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anticancer activity of the acetone extracts of the lichens Umbilicaria crustulosa, U. cylindrica, and U. polyphylla. Antioxidant activity was evaluated by 5 separate methods: free radical scavenging, superoxide anion radical scavenging, reducing power, determination of total phenolic compounds, and determination of total flavonoid content. Of the lichens tested, U. polyphylla had largest free radical scavenging activity (72.79% inhibition at a concentration of 1 mg/mL), which was similar as standard antioxidants in the same concentration. Moreover, the tested extracts had effective reducing power and superoxide anion radical scavenging. Total content of phenol and flavonoid in extracts was determined as pyrocatechol equivalent, and as rutin equivalent, respectively. The strong relationships between total phenolic and flavonoid contents and the antioxidant effect of tested extracts were observed. The antimicrobial activity was estimated by determination of the minimal inhibitory concentration by the broth microdilution method. The most active was extract of U. polyphylla with minimum inhibitory concentration values ranging from 1.56 to 12.5 mg/mL. Anticancer activity was tested against FemX (human melanoma) and LS174 (human colon carcinoma) cell lines using MTT method. All extracts were found to be strong anticancer activity toward both cell lines with IC₅₀ values ranging from 28.45 to 97.82 μg/mL. The present study shows that tested lichen extracts demonstrated a strong antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anticancer effects. That suggests that lichens may be used as possible natural antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anticancer agents.     

Antioxidant, antimicrobial and anticancer activities of three Parmelia species

BACKGROUND: Lichens are symbiotic organisms consisting of algae and fungi. They are used for human and animal nutrition and in the production of colours, perfumes and alcohol. Lichens have also been used in traditional medicine to treat diseases such as jaundice, pulmonary, stomach and cranial diseases. In this study the acetone extracts of three lichens, Parmelia caperata, Parmelia sulcata and Parmelia saxatilis, were tested for their antioxidant, antimicrobial and anticancer potential. RESULTS: Of the lichens tested, P. saxatilis had the highest free radical‐scavenging activity (55.3% inhibition). Moreover, all tested extracts showed effective reducing power and superoxide anion radical scavenging. Strong relationships between total phenolic and flavonoid contents and antioxidant effects of the tested extracts were observed. The extract of P. sulcata was most active in terms of antimicrobial ability, with minimum inhibitory concentration values ranging from 0.78 to 12.5 mg L^?1. All extracts were found to have strong anticancer activity, with IC₅₀ values ranging from 9.55 to 22.95 µg mL^?1. CONCLUSION: The present study showed that the tested lichen extracts exhibited strong antioxidant, antimicrobial and anticancer effects. This suggests that lichens may be used as possible natural antioxidant, antimicrobial and anticancer agents. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry     

Antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of propolis from several regions of Korea

Biological activities of different propolis extracts in Korea were examined for the evaluation of quality comparison with that from Brazil (BZ). Total polyphenol and flavonoid contents of propolis extracts from Yeosu (YS) and Cheorwon (CW), whose values were higher than BZ, were also shown to be more aboudant. The extracts of YS and CW also showed strong antioxidant activities, using the linoleic acid peroxidation and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical-scavenging activity. However, the extract from BZ had less active antioxidant activity on linoleic acid peroxidation and DPPH free radical-scavenging activity of less than 70% than other extracts. The DPPH free radical-scavenging activity seems to relate with the antioxidant activity of linoleic acid peroxidation. The propolis with antioxidant activity also had DPPH free radical-scavenging activity. The extracts of YS and CW had effective antimicrobial activities on Staphilococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Salmonella typhimurium and Candida albicans. Strong antioxidant, radical-scavenging and antimicrobial activities of YS and CW seemed to relate with high values, total polyphenol, and flavonoid contents.     

Antioxidant,Antibacterial, and Antiproliferative Activities of Free and Bound Phenolics from Peel and Flesh of Fuji Apple

This study was conducted to investigate the antioxidant, antibacterial, and antiproliferative activities of flesh free (FF), flesh bound (FB), peel free (PF), and peel bound (PB) phenolics from Fuji apple. The PB, which had highest total phenolic contents (126.15 ± 2.41 mg/100 g wet weight) and lowest total carbohydrate contents (34.68 ± 2.78 mg/100 g wet weight), showed the strongest 2,2’‐azinobis‐(3‐ethylbenthiazoline‐6‐sulphonate) (ABTS) radical scavenging activity (EC₅₀ = 0.36 ± 0.02 mg/mL), 1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picryhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity (EC₅₀ = 0.26 ± 0.01 mg/mL), and ferric reducing antioxidant power (Ferric reducing antioxidant power; EC₅₀ = 0.19 ± 0.02 mg/mL) compared with those of FF, FB, and PF. The PB also showed the strongest antibacterial activities on Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Listeria monocytogenes and it also showed the highest antiproliferative effects on Caco‐2 human colonic cancer cell (EC₅₀ = 1.44 ± 0.01 mg/mL) and Hela human cervical cell (EC₅₀ = 2.81 ± 0.01 mg/mL). Both free and bound phenolics from Fuji apple showed good antioxidant, antibacterial, and antiproliferative activities in our study, and bound phenolics had significantly higher activities compared with those of free phenolics.     

4种海南诺丽果内生细菌多样性及其关键生物活性研究

诺丽果富含生物活性成分,具有较强抑菌性和抗氧化能力。为探讨海南诺丽果中内生菌多样性的区别及其关键活性与多样性之间的联系,通过高通量测序技术(HTS),从4种诺丽果(长果标号为L、圆果标号为R、连体果标号为C、大溪地诺丽果标号为T)中发现了它们共同的优势菌属为短波单胞菌属(Brevundimonas)、泛菌属(Pantoea)和芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus),并测定内生细菌抑菌性,对具有抑菌活性的内生细菌进行总抗氧化性测定,发现具有抑菌性的诺丽果内生细菌均具有抗氧化性,抗氧化值在3.07～20.78U·mL-1,同时内生细菌的抗氧化性和抑菌活性呈正相关性。挑选4个品种诺丽果中2种关键活性较高的内生菌8株,进行16S rDNA和gyrA分子生物学鉴定,鉴定结果均为芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus),并分别属于枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)、摩加夫芽孢杆菌(Bacillus mojavensis)和短小芽孢杆菌(Bacillus pumilus)。研究结果从微生物学角度比较了不同品种诺丽果内生细菌群落多样性差异,并探讨了内生细菌功能性之间以及与内生群落之间的关联,证实了植物-微生物相互作用学说。希望研究可为今后研究内生菌和宿主功能的协调性和统一性提供帮助,为具有特定功能的诺丽果内生菌的筛选应用提供理论基础,为内生菌在食品工业中的应用及植物与微生物互作研究提供更多思路。     

姜黄素的抗氧化及抗肿瘤活性研究

本文采用分光光度法测定姜黄素对ABTS和DPPH自由基的清除能力;运用AAPH诱导红细胞氧化性溶血考察姜黄素对AAPH诱导人血红细胞损伤的抑制作用。通过MTT方法考察姜黄素对A375恶性黑色素瘤生长状态的影响,并用流式细胞仪检测细胞凋亡数量;运用Western blot测定姜黄素对JNK和Akt蛋白表达的影响。结果表明,姜黄素对DPPH和ABTS自由基具有较好的清除能力,呈浓度和时间依赖性;同时,姜黄素能有效抑制AAPH诱导红细胞溶血,当姜黄素为40μM时,溶血抑制率达到52.78±1.03%。MTT结果表明,随着姜黄素浓度的升高,A375细胞存活率逐渐下降,当姜黄素为40μM,A375的细胞存活率仅为21.50±1.60%。流式分析发现,随着姜黄素浓度的提高,细胞凋亡峰(Sub G1)的含量逐渐增加。当姜黄素为40μM时,细胞内Sub G1峰的含量达到了63.30%。进一步Western blot分析发现姜黄素诱导A375细胞凋亡与上调JNK磷酸化的水平和下调AKt磷酸化的水平有关。     

红参浓缩液对小鼠的抗氧化、免疫调节及降血糖作用

该研究通过建立衰老小鼠模型和II型糖尿病小鼠模型,对比不同剂量的红参浓缩液对小鼠体内抗氧化、免疫及降血糖活性影响。实验发现：与模型组相比,红参浓缩液给药组显著降低丙二醛含量（MDA）、空腹血糖（FBG）和口服葡萄糖耐量（OGTT）血糖曲线下面积（AUC）并且显著提高羟自由基清除率（•OH）、总超氧化物歧化酶（T-SOD）、谷胱甘肽过氧化氢酶（GSH-Px）和过氧化氢酶（CAT）活力和免疫球蛋白G（Ig G）、免疫球蛋白M（Ig M）、白细胞介素4（IL-4）和γ干扰素（IFN-γ）含量（P<0.05）,明显改善脾脏损害。以上结果表明一定浓度的红参浓缩液可以延缓衰老、提高衰老模型小鼠的免疫力,增强II型糖尿病模型小鼠的葡萄糖耐受力,具有降血糖的效果。     

Antiproliferative and antibacterial activity of extracts of Ganoderma strains grown in vitro

Food Science and Biotechnology - In this bioprospecting study the biological activities of extracts of the in vitro culture of Ganoderma Mexican strains were evaluated. The extracts were tested by...