乳酸菌胞外多糖及其对酸乳品质的影响

综述了乳酸菌胞外多糖的研究,包括胞外多糖分类、生物合成、影响合成因素,并讨论了乳酸菌胞外多糖对酸乳品质的影响。     

乳酸菌产胞外多糖的研究

综述了乳酸菌产胞外多糖的研究进展，包括产胞外多糖的菌株、影响生物合成的因素等，并介绍了乳酸菌产胞外多糖的开发及应用。     

乳酸菌胞外多糖免疫活性的研究进展

乳酸菌胞外多糖是乳酸菌在生长代谢过程中分泌到细胞壁外的一种天然高分子化合物。由于其能够改善发酵乳制品风味与质地,并具有多种生理活性,近年来受到国内外学者的普遍关注。根据近年来国内外乳酸菌胞外多糖免疫活性的研究现状,综述了产胞外多糖乳酸菌的种类、产量以及乳酸菌胞外多糖对特异性和非特异性免疫方面的影响,并对乳酸菌胞外多糖免疫调节活性及结构性质之间的构效关系进行了总结,旨在为乳酸菌胞外多糖的进一步开发和利用提供一定的理论基础。     

影响乳酸菌胞外多糖产量的因素

乳酸菌胞外多糖是乳酸菌在生长代谢过程中分泌到细胞壁外、常渗于培养基中的一类天然生物高分子聚合物。乳酸菌胞外多糖不仅具有多种生物活性,而且还可作为食品增稠剂和稳定剂等,在改善发酵乳品质地和流变学特性等方面发挥重要作用。但是至今,乳酸菌胞外多糖的产量依旧较低,从而限制了其广泛应用,因此深入了解影响乳酸菌胞外多糖产量的因素具有深远的意义。文章综述了菌体自身遗传特性、培养基成分、培养条件及提取条件对胞外多糖产量的影响,并探讨提高其产量行之有效的措施,以期推动乳酸菌胞外多糖的研究和应用。     

乳酸菌胞外多糖的研究进展

对乳酸菌胞外多糖的生物合成途径、影响其合成的理化因素、乳酸菌胞外多糖的生理功能及其应用和前景进行了综述。     

乳酸菌胞外多糖的生理功能及其在食品中的应用

本文概述了乳酸菌胞外多糖的生理功能、生理活性的研究现状，介绍了乳酸菌胞外多糖在酸奶、干酪等产品上的应用及最新研究进展，展望了乳酸菌胞外多糖的研究开发前景和方向。     

乳酸菌胞外多糖的合成、生物活性及应用研究进展

乳酸菌是食品工业中应用广泛的一类益生菌，其生长代谢过程中会产生次级代谢物——胞外多糖（EPS）。胞外多糖因其安全性高、天然无毒副作用，以及丰富的生物活性（如抗氧化活性、免疫活性、抗炎活性等）等特点而受到广泛的关注和研究。乳酸菌胞外多糖产生受很多因素（如碳源、氮源、pH等）影响，导致其结构也多种多样。该文综述了常见的乳酸菌胞外多糖、合成途径及影响其合成的因素，归纳了乳酸菌胞外多糖的生物活性，及其在食品和医药等领域的应用，并总结了其目前存在的问题及未来发展的方向，旨在为乳酸菌EPS的研究与生产应用提供指导。     

乳酸菌胞外多糖的理化特性及免疫调节机制研究进展

乳酸菌作为公认的食品级益生菌,在医学、食品科学及人类健康中发挥重要作用。胞外多糖作为乳酸菌的主要次级代谢产物与其相应生物学功能的发挥有着密切联系。本文在综述乳酸菌胞外多糖的理化特性和免疫调节活性的前提下,从乳酸菌胞外多糖对肠道蛋白表达水平及肠道微生物菌群影响等方面入手,探讨其免疫调节相关作用机制,为研发乳酸菌胞外多糖功能食品及乳酸菌资源的高值化利用提供可靠的理论参考。     

乳酸菌胞外多糖的研究进展

乳酸菌胞外多糖是一种天然的、具有诸多生理功能的生物高分子聚合物。乳酸菌可以产生不同结构的胞外多糖,根据多糖的组成不同可以将其分为同型多糖和异型多糖。本文对乳酸菌胞外多糖的种类、结构、生物合成、生理功能、分离纯化方法以及应用前景进行了综述。     

乳酸菌胞外多糖的合成及生理功能研究进展

综述了乳酸菌胞外多糖的研究,包括胞外多糖分类、生物合成、影响合成因素,及其生理功能.     

高产Nisin和高产LAB EPS乳酸菌共生株筛查

通过对10株产Nisin乳酸菌株和10株产LAB EPS乳酸菌株进行培养、筛选和测定,筛选出3株高产Nisin的乳酸菌株和3株高产LABEPS的乳酸菌株,进而对3株高产LAB EPS乳酸菌株和3株高产Nisin乳酸菌株进行复合发酵试验,最终筛选出可共生的高产Nisin乳酸菌株和高产LAB EPS乳酸菌株各1株。     

Assessment of potential probiotic properties of Lactobacillus spp., Lactococcus spp., and Pediococcus spp. strains isolated from kefir

In this study, the metabolic activities (in terms of quantities of the produced lactic acid, hydrogen peroxide, and exopolysaccharides) of 8 strains of Lactobacillus spp., Lactococcus spp., and Pediococcus spp., were determined. Lactic acid levels produced by strains were 8.1 to 17.4 mg/L. The L. acidophilus Z1L strain produced the maximum amount (3.18 μg/mL) of hydrogen peroxide. The exopolysaccharides (EPS) production by the strains was ranged between 173 and 378 mg/L. The susceptibility of 7 different antibiotics against these strains was also tested. All strains were found to be sensitive to ampicillin. The tolerance of the strains to low pH, their resistance to bile salts of strains, and their abilities to autoaggregate and coaggregate with Escherichia coli ATCC 11229 were also evaluated. High EPS-producing strains showed significant autoaggregation and coaggregation ability with test bacteria (P < 0.01). A correlation also was determined between EPS production and acid-bile tolerance (P < 0.05). EPS production possibly affects or is involved in acid-bile tolerance and aggregation of Lactobacillus spp., Lactococcus spp., and Pediococcus spp. strains and supports the potential of L. acidophilus Z1L strain as new probiotic.     

产胞外多糖乳酸菌的筛选及抗氧化特性研究

以分离自贵州侗族、苗族传统发酵食品的36株乳酸菌为受试菌,筛选出8株高产胞外多糖（膜截留分子质量为8 000~14 000 u）的乳酸菌,分别为SR2-1（Pediococcus sp. F3S1）、SR2-2（Pediococcus pentosaceus NGRI 0304）、SR3-2（Pediococcus pentosaceus LB-WC）、SR8（Lactobacillus kimchi）、SR10-2（Pediococcus sp. 22-4）、SR12-1（Lactobacillus graminis）、H1（Staphylococcus sp. 3034O2）和XS2（Pediococcus pentosaceus GS17）,并对其胞外多糖进行体外抗氧化特性研究。结果显示,8株乳酸菌的胞外多糖均具有抗氧化活性,其中胞外多糖质量浓度为30 μg/mL时,乳酸菌SR2-2、SR8和SR12-1的胞外多糖对Fe2+的清除率分别为15.55%、12.41%、53.21%;胞外多糖质量浓度为40 μg/mL时,乳酸菌SR2-2、SR8和SR12-1的胞外多糖对1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼（DPPH·）和NO2-的清除率分别达9.69%、11.93%、8.93%及5.73%、7.82%、3.82%。这三株乳酸菌显示出一定的抗氧化活性。     

乳酸菌胞外多糖的结构及功能特性研究进展

乳酸菌胞外多糖是一种天然的高分子聚合物, 具有诸多功能特性, 如改善发酵乳的质构特性及对人体 的多种健康作用等。许多学者对乳酸菌胞外多糖的结构和功能特性及其构效关系进行了广泛而深入的研究。 本文综述了有关乳酸菌胞外多糖的种类、化学组成、结构和功能等方面的研究进展, 以期为乳酸菌胞外多糖及相关功能食品的进一步研究开发提供参考。     

乳酸菌胞外多糖的流变学特性和分子结构修饰

乳酸菌胞外多糖在乳品加工中具有重要作用。在发酵过程中,胞外多糖的形成有利于改善产品的流变学特性,并赋予产品优良的感官特性和营养保健性能。不同的乳酸菌在胞外多糖的产量、化学组成、分子量、带电情况和侧链分支等方面具有很大差异。通过对胞外多糖进行分子结构修饰,可以优化其功能特性,并获得具有特定用途的食品改良剂。有些乳酸菌胞外多糖具有抗肿瘤和免疫调节活性,有益于人类健康;或者可能用作益生元,有益于胃肠道菌群微生态平衡。本文着重讨论乳酸菌胞外多糖的流变学特性和多糖的分子结构修饰,探讨胞外多糖结构与功能的关系。,     

肠膜明串珠菌HDE1的分离鉴定及其胞外多糖抗氧化和牛奶凝结特性研究

为了拓展产乳酸菌胞外多糖的来源,获得来源明确、产量稳定、具有优良生物学特性的乳酸菌胞外多糖。本研究从自制橘子发酵液中利用产黏菌落法分离筛选得到一株高产胞外多糖的乳酸菌,综合形态学观察及16S rDNA序列分析结果、API 50 CHL试验,对其进行鉴定,利用抗氧化及牛奶凝结试验研究了该乳酸菌胞外多糖的抗氧化及牛奶凝结等特性。结果表明,本研究获得了一株肠膜明串珠菌（Leuconostoc mesenteroides）,该菌株16S rDNA序列片段长度为1444 bp,GenBank登录号为OM302141。菌株HDE1胞外多糖的总糖、蛋白质、糖醛酸含量分别为41.73%±1.74%、0.29%±0.03%和7.69%±0.42%。该胞外多糖在浓度为3 mg/mL时展现出良好的抗氧化活性,当胞外多糖浓度为5 mg/mL时DPPH自由基清除能力达到50.00%±0.05%,ABTS+自由基清除能力达到40.00%±0.02%,H₂O₂-自由基清除能力超过了50%,羟基自由基清除能力达到49.96%±0.03%,胞外多糖的总还原力为38.82%±0.09%。牛奶凝结研究结果表明,HDE1在36 h能够使添加3%（w/v）蔗糖的脱脂牛奶完全凝结。这些结果表明菌株HDE1胞外多糖具有良好的抗氧化和牛奶凝结特性,在食品、医药及益生领域展现出良好应用潜力。     

ADSA Foundation Scholar Award: Possibilities and challenges of exopolysaccharide-producing lactic cultures in dairy foods

Exopolysaccharides (EPS) from lactic acid bacteria are a diverse group of polysaccharides exhibiting various functional properties. Two forms of EPS are produced by lactic acid bacteria: capsular and unattached. Capsular EPS does not cause ropiness nor does production of unattached EPS ensure ropiness. The functions of EPS in dairy products are not completely understood. This is for 2 main reasons: the major variations among exopolysaccharides even from the same group of micro-organisms, which makes it difficult to apply information from one EPS to others, and the lack of availability of techniques with the ability to observe the microstructure and distribution of the highly hydrated EPS in fermented dairy products. The introduction of relatively new microscopic techniques such as confocal scanning laser microscopy and cryo-scanning electron microscopy made it possible to directly observe the distribution of fully hydrated EPS in dairy products. Recently, EPS produced by nonropy strains have drawn the attention of the dairy industry. This is because of the ability of some nonropy strains to produce large capsular and unattached EPS that would improve the texture of dairy products without causing the undesirable slippery mouthfeel produced by the ropy strains. Factors affecting functions of EPS are their molecular characteristics and ability to interact with milk proteins. Studying the interaction between EPS and milk proteins is complex because EPS are gradually produced during fermentation, unlike polysaccharides added directly to milk to stabilize the fermented product. The concentration and possibly molecular characteristics of EPS and protein characteristics such as charge and hydrophobicity change during fermentation. Consequently, the interaction of EPS with proteins might also change during fermentation. Exopolysaccharides provide functions that benefit reduced-fat cheeses. They bind water and increase the moisture in the nonfat portion, interfere with protein-protein interactions and reduce the rigidity of the protein network, and increase viscosity of the serum phase. This review discusses the production of capsular EPS and their role in structure formation in fermented milk, the mechanism of ropiness formation, and applications of EPS-producing cultures in reduced-fat cheeses.     

Capsular exopolysaccharide biosynthesis gene of Propionibacterium freudenreichii subsp. shermanii

In the dairy industry, exopolysaccharides (EPS) contribute to improving the texture and viscosity of cheese and yoghurt and also receive increasing attention because of their beneficial properties for health. For lactic acid bacteria, the production of EPS is well studied. However, for dairy propionibacteria the biosynthesis of EPS is poorly documented. A polysaccharide synthase-encoding gene was identified in the genome of Propionibacterium freudenreichii subsp. shermanii TL 34 (CIP 103027). This gene best aligns with Tts, the polysaccharide synthase gene of Streptococcus pneumoniae type 37 that is responsible for the production of a beta-glucan capsular polysaccharide. PCR amplification showed the presence of an internal fragment of this gene in twelve strains of P. freudenreichii subsp. shermanii with a ropy phenotype in YEL+ medium. The gene sequence is highly conserved, as less than 1% of nucleotides differed among the 10 strains containing the complete gtf gene. The same primers failed to detect the gene in Propionibacterium acidipropionici strain TL 47, which is known to excrete exopolysaccharides in milk. The presence of (1-->3, 1-->2)-beta-d-glucan capsule was demonstrated for 7 out of 12 strains by agglutination with a S. pneumoniae-type 37-specific antiserum. The presence of mRNA corresponding to the gene was detected by RT-PCR in three strains at both exponential and stationary growth phases. This work represents the first identification of a polysaccharide synthase gene of P. freudenreichii, and further studies will be undertaken to elucidate the role of capsular EPS.     

西藏牦牛乳制品中高产胞外多糖乳酸菌的筛选及多糖抗氧化特性研究

西藏地区传统牦牛乳制品由于高营养价值和丰富的生物活性物质深受消费者青昧,其中乳酸菌资源丰富且胞外多糖(Exopolysaccharide,EPS)含量高已成为分离筛选高产EPS乳酸菌的来源.采用苯酚-硫酸法对分离自西藏地区传统牦牛乳制品的50株乳酸菌产EPS的能力进行评价,筛选、鉴定高产EPS菌株,并研究目标菌株所产E...