拐枣果汁冬枣果粒悬浮饮料的研制

以拐枣和冬枣为试材,研究拐枣果汁冬枣果粒悬浮饮料的制备。在拐枣果汁含量为25%的基础上,探讨冬枣果粒含量和蔗糖、柠檬酸、琼脂的用量对悬浮饮料品质的影响。实验结果表明,以0.30%的Ca Cl2对冬枣果粒进行脆化,效果较好;拐枣果汁冬枣果粒悬浮饮料最佳调配比例为:冬枣果粒15%,蔗糖10%,柠檬酸0.20%,悬浮稳定剂琼脂0.25%。在该条件下制出的果粒果汁悬浮饮料具有较好的悬浮性及稳定性,感官品质良好。     

红肉蜜柚果粒饮料的工艺和配方优化

探讨红肉蜜柚果粒饮料生产中的果肉取汁方法、果粒硬化处理、果粒饮料的配方优化。结果表明:采用由果胶酶和纤维素酶组成的复合酶处理法的出汁率最高,可达87.8%;采用0.2%氯化钙溶液对果粒浸泡40min或0.3%氯化钙溶液浸泡30min,果粒饱满有弹性,硬化效果较好;果粒饮料的最佳配方为:原果汁30%,白砂糖8%,柠檬酸0.2%,胭脂红2mg/kg,果粒15%,CMC0.1%,琼脂0.3%,根据此配方生产的红肉蜜柚果粒饮料的感官评价最高。     

悬浮型杨梅果粒饮料关键工艺优化研究

针对杨梅果粒饮料生产中果粒硬化、饮料配比、果粒悬浮稳定性等关键工艺,研究了果粒硬化条件、果粒添加量、果汁用量、糖酸比和不同稳定剂对饮料感官品质的影响。结果表明:用0.4%氯化钙溶液硬化杨梅果粒40 min可得到饱满有弹性的果粒;杨梅果粒悬浮型果粒饮料的最佳工艺配方为:100 g果粒饮料中添加杨梅果粒5 g、原果汁10 g、白砂糖7 g、柠檬酸0.3 g、黄原胶0.15 g、琼脂0.1 g和羧甲基纤维素钠0.4 g。该工艺条件下得到的杨梅果粒饮料杨梅风味鲜明、果粒悬浮均匀稳定、口感滋味适宜。     

悬浮果粒酸性乳饮料的研制

以芦荟和牛奶为原料,开发研制出一种悬浮果粒酸性乳饮料.试验对饮料的配方、工艺进行研究.对加工过程中稳定剂的选择进行探讨.运用正交试验确定产品的最佳配方.试验表明饮料的最优配料比例为:鲜牛奶35%.芦荟果粒5%,白砂糖4.0%,蛋白糖0.06%,柠檬酸0.14%,乳酸0.06%.加入耐酸CMC为0.25%,琼脂为0.09%,产品稳定性最好.该产品酸甜适口,果粒悬浮均一,风味良好.     

芦荟南瓜汁悬浮饮料的研制

以芦荟、南瓜为主要原料,通过正交试验确定了悬浮饮料的最佳配方,确定了原辅料最佳的调配比例,制成酸甜适度,口感爽滑的复合型饮料。结果表明,当芦荟原汁15%,南瓜原汁20%,白砂糖10%,柠檬酸0.15%,复合悬浮稳定剂XC0.08%时生产出的产品感官评定结果较好。     

银耳大枣汁枸杞果粒复合悬浮养生饮料的研制

以银耳、大枣、枸杞为主要原料研制银耳大枣汁枸杞果粒复合悬浮养生饮料,并研究了其生产工艺。对银耳干片、枸杞干粒浸提条件及饮料配方进行优选试验,得到银耳大枣汁枸杞果粒复合悬浮养生饮料的最佳配方为:银耳0.3%、大枣汁10%、枸杞粒2%、木糖醇4.4%、柠檬酸0.12%、复合稳定剂0.25%。该饮料口感优良,风味独特,营养丰富,是新时代男女老幼皆宜养生饮料。     

芦柑果汁红柚砂囊复合悬浮饮料的工艺及抗氧化性研究

以芦柑果汁、红柚砂囊为原材料,开发研制新型芦柑果汁红柚砂囊复合悬浮饮料。实验以红柚砂囊作为悬浮颗粒,以芦柑果汁、白砂糖、柠檬酸进行调汁,并加入一定的悬浮剂来维持颗粒的悬浮;采用正交试验设计确定饮料的最佳汁液调配比例及悬浮剂的加入量,同时通过测定饮料中Vc含量及对羟自由基、超氧阴离子自由基的抑制能力来评价产品的抗氧化活性。结果表明饮料的最佳汁液调配比例为:芦柑果汁25%,红柚砂囊4%,白砂糖5%,柠檬酸1.0%;悬浮剂的添加量为:琼脂0.05%,CMC 0.35%,黄原胶0.1%,依此配方生产的饮料芦柑风味浓郁,外观透明,橙黄色,红柚砂囊颗粒悬浮均匀,口感酸爽润滑。复合悬浮饮料中Vc含量达27.55 mg/100 g,对羟自由基和超氧阴离子自由基也表现出较好的抑制能力,其抑制活性分别为15281.93 U/mL、1675.22 U/L。     

悬浮果粒酸奶饮料稳定剂配方的研究及产品市场前景

果粒（以黄桃为例）、牛奶为主要原料研究开发成功新型悬浮果粒酸奶饮料，对加工过程中稳定剂的选择进行了探讨，并运用正交试验确定了稳定剂的最佳配方，研制出风味良好的、营养丰富的、时尚的新型悬浮果粒酸奶饮料配方以及生产工艺。并对此产品的市场前景进行了简单的分析。     

含果粒酸性含乳饮料的稳定性研究

选用牛乳和椰果果粒为原料,对产品稳定剂的选择进行了研究,确定了最佳的配方。实验发现对于普通果粒酸性含乳饮料,影响产品稳定性的关键因素为羧甲基纤维素钠,同时结冷胶对果粒悬浮的作用也比较明显。通过实验筛选出较好的稳定剂组合为羧甲基纤维素钠0.4%,结冷胶0.14%,果胶0.14%,海藻酸丙二醇酯0.03%。并验证了产品在保质期内的稳定性,实验结果显示稳定剂配方达到了产品要求。     

大米肽功能饮料的研制

为了推广大米肽的利用,开发新型大米肽产品,通过酶法制备大米抗氧化肽,并以其为主要功能因子,辅以蜂蜜、苹果酸、柠檬酸调节口感和味道,以CMC-Na(羧甲基纤维素钠)、琼脂、明胶、黄原胶为复合稳定剂,研制一种口感好且稳定、澄清的营养保健型大米肽饮料。通过单因素实验和正交试验确定大米肽饮料的最佳配方为:大米肽2%、蜂蜜9%、柠檬酸0.40%、苹果酸0.20%;另外,通过正交工艺确定复合稳定剂的最佳配方为:CMC-Na0.12%、琼脂0.08%、明胶0.12%。最佳工艺条件为,大米肽混合物在55℃,40 MPa条件下均质30min,而后经120℃,30 min的杀菌,所得产品色泽较好、口感柔和细腻,香味较佳。     

Textural Properties of Cold-set Gels Induced from Heat-denatured Whey Protein Isolates

A 9% whey protein (WP) isolate solution at pH 7.0 was heat-denatured at 80°C for 30 min. Size-exclusion HPLC showed that native WP formed soluble aggregates after heat-treatment. Additions of CaCl2 (10–40 mM), NaCl (50–400 mM) or glucono-delta-lactone (GDL, 0.4–2.0%, w/v) or hydrolysis by a protease from Bacillus licheniformis caused gelation of the denatured solution at 45°C. Textural parameters, hardness, adhesiveness, and cohesiveness of the gels so formed changed markedly with concentration of added salts or pH by added GDL. Maximum gel hardness occurred at 200 mM NaCl or pH 4.7. Increasing CaCl2 concentration continuously increased gel hardness. Generally, GDL-induced gels were harder than salt-induced gels, and much harder than the protease-induced gel.     

Occurrence of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in fish canned in oil

The levels of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) were quantified as part of a European survey on the migration of residues of epoxy resins into oil from canned fish. The contents of BFDGE in cans, lids and fish collected from all 15 Member States of the European Union and Switzerland were analysed in 382 samples. Cans and lids were separately extracted with acetonitrile. The extraction from fish was carried out with hexane followed by re-extraction with acetonitrile. The analysis was performed by reverse phase HPL C with fluorescence detection. BFDGE could be detected in 12% of the fish, 24% of the cans and 18% of the lids. Only 3% of the fish contained BFDGE in concentrations considerably above 1mg/kg. In addition to the presented data, a comparison was made with the levels of BADGE (bisphenol-A-diglycidyl ether)analysed in the same products in the context of a previous study.     

Contribution of European research to risk analysis

The European Commission's, Quality of Life Research Programme, Key Action 1—Health, Food & Nutrition is mission-oriented and aims, amongst other things, at providing a healthy, safe and high-quality food supply leading to reinforced consumer confidence in the safety of European food. Its objectives also include the enhancing of the competitiveness of the European food supply. Key Action 1 is currently supporting a number of different types of European collaborative projects in the area of risk analysis. The objectives of these projects range from the development and validation of prevention strategies including the reduction of consumers risks; development and validation of new modelling approaches; harmonization of risk assessment principles, methodologies, and terminology; standardization of methods and systems used for the safety evaluation of transgenic food; providing of tools for the evaluation of human viral contamination of shellfish and quality control; new methodologies for assessing the potential of unintended effects of genetically modified (genetically modified) foods; development of a risk assessment model for Cryptosporidium parvum related to the food and water industries; to the development of a communication platform for genetically modified organism, producers, retailers, regulatory authorities and consumer groups to improve safety assessment procedures, risk management strategies and risk communication; development and validation of new methods for safety testing of transgenic food; evaluation of the safety and efficacy of iron supplementation in pregnant women; evaluation of the potential cancer-preventing activity of pro- and pre-biotic ('synbiotic') combinations in human volunteers. An overview of these projects is presented here.     

低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性

为研究低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性,以经低温脱脂的带皮菜籽粕为原料,经微粉碎后筛分成212~425μm、150~212μm和106~150μm的3个不同粒级的微粉样品,检测这些样品的吸水性、吸油性、乳化性和乳化稳定性、蛋白质体外消化率。结果表明:1 3个不同粒级的微粉样品之间的粗纤维含量存在显著差异,表明三者的结构组成成分有一定差异。23个微粉样品的乳化活性和乳化稳定性随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。33个微粉样品的蛋白质体外消化率随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。4不同粒级带皮菜籽粕微粉样品的吸水性与吸油性受其结构组成物质不同和粒度的双重影响,与粒度的相关性不明显。     

Microbiology of food taints

Fresh and processed foods are often spoilt by the presence of undesirable flavours and odours caused by microbial action. The aim of this paper is to review the current knowledge of microbiologically induced taints that occur in a wide range of foodstuffs, including meats, poultry, fish, crustaceans, milk, dairy products, fruits, vegetables, cereals and cereal products. Examples have been chosen where the compounds responsible for the taint have been identified and sufficient data obtained to demonstrate the involvement of microorganisms. However, in some cases the full identity of the causative organism may not have been elucidated. The types of microorganisms covered by this review include bacteria, fungi, yeasts, actinomycetes and cyanobacteria. Although cyanobacteria do not in general infect foods, their presence in aqueous systems and water supplies can lead to off-flavours in aquatic organisms and processed foodstuffs. Several examples of each of these processes are discussed. Wherever possible, the likely biosynthetic pathway used by the microorganism to produce the offending compound in a foodstuff is indicated.     

Analysis for organic residues from aids to polymerization used to make plastics intended for food contact

Polymers intended for food contact use have been analysed for organic residues which could be attributed to a range of substances employed as polymerization aids (e.g. initiators and catalysts). A wide range of polymers was extracted with solvents and the extracts analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The overwhelming majority of substances identified were not derived from aids to polymerization but were oligomers, additives and adventitious contaminants. However, a small number of substances were identified as initiator residues. These included tetramethylsuccinonitrile (TMSN) which was observed in two polymers and it derived from recombination of two azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) initiator radicals. Methyl benzoate, benzoic acid, biphenyl and phenyl benzoate were detected in one poly(methyl methacrylate) sample and in two polyvinylchlorides and they are thought to be derived from benzoyl peroxide initiator. TMSN was subsequently targeted for analysis of poly-(methyl methacrylate) plastics using proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry (¹     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part II: Medium molecular weight permeants

Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of different medium molecular weight model permeants: bisphenol A, warfarin and anthracene, from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 microns-thick orientated polypropylene--OPP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. The characterization of permeation kinetics generally observed the permeation models previously reported to explain the experimental permeation results obtained for a low molecular weight group of model permeants. In general, the model permeants exhibited behaviour consistent with their relative molecular weights with respect to (a) the time taken to attain steady-state permeation into the food simulant in which they were more soluble, (b) their subsequent steady-state permeation rates, and (c) their partition between liquid paraffin and the OPP membrane.     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. I: Interlaboratory studies of methods of analysis

This paper describes the first part of a project undertaken to develop mussel reference materials for Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning (PSP) toxins. Two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin (STX) and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin (dc-STX) in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the second part of the project: the certification exercise. In the first study, 18 laboratories were asked to measure STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and to identify as many other PSP toxins as possible with a method of their choice. In the second interlaboratory study, 15 laboratories were additionally asked to determine quantitatively STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The first study revealed that three out of four postcolumn derivatization methods and one pre-column derivatization method sufficed in principle to determine STX and dc-STX. Most participants (13 of 18) obtained acceptable calibration curves and recoveries. Saxitoxin was hardly detected in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels and results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 58% at a mass fraction of 1.86 mg/kg. Most participants (14 out of 18) identified gonyautoxin-5 (GTX-5) in a hydrolysed extract provided. The first study led to provisional criteria for linearity, recovery and separation. The second study revealed that 6 out of 15 laboratories were able to meet these criteria. Results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 3.49mg/kg. Results obtained for STX in the saxitoxin-enriched material yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 0.34mg/kg. Saxitoxin could not be detected in the PSP-positive material. Hydrolysis was useful to confirm the identity of GTX5 and provided indicative information about C1 and C2 toxins in the PSP-positive material. The methods used in the second interlaboratory study showed sufficiently consistent analysis results to undertake a certification exercise to assign certified values for STX and dc-STX in lyophilized mussel.     

The Ministry of Environmental Protection Issued "Feasible Technology Guidelines for Pollution Prevention and Control in Wood Pulping Process of the Paper Industry (Trial)" and Two Other Guiding Technical Documents

On December 27t＂, 2013, the Ministry of Environmenta Protection announced that, in order to implement ＂The Environmental Protection Law of the People＇ s Republic of China＂, improve the working system in environmenta protection technologies, and promote technologica advancement in pollution prevention, the Ministry of Environmental Protection sponsored the formulation of three guiding technical documents including ＂Feasible Technology Guidelines for Pollution Prevention and Contro n Wood Pulping Process of the Paper Industry （Trial）＂     

1~(st) Intelli-Tissue~ EcoEc Tissue Machine Supplied by PMP Group Successfully Put into Operation in China

正On April 29th,2014,Intelli-Tissue EcoEc tissue machine supplied by PMP Group successfully put into operation at Hebei Xuesong Paper Co.,Ltd.,this is the first such kind of paper machine of PMP Group in China.