罗汉果水提物对小鼠非酒精性脂肪肝炎的干预作用

该研究以蛋氨酸胆碱缺乏（MCD）饲料诱导小鼠非酒精性脂肪肝炎（NASH）模型，通过小鼠血清谷草转氨酶（AST）、谷丙转氨酶（ALT）、肝脏甘油三酯（TG）和总胆固醇（CHO）含量检测，肝组织HE染色观察，脂肪合成基因ACC、FAS及炎症基因TNF-α的表达检测，研究罗汉果水提物对NASH的影响。结果显示与MCD模型组相比，罗汉果水提物组肝系数无明显改变，对肝组织损伤较小。肝组织病理证实罗汉果水提物明显减轻肝脂肪变性和炎性浸润。中、高剂量罗汉果水提物灌胃后，小鼠血清ALT含量降低为2.37 U/L和2.07 U/L（P<0.01）；AST含量降低为3.70 U/L和3.59 U/L（P<0.05）。低、中、高剂量罗汉果水提物组均下调肝组织TG含量，分别为52.45、45.94和41.14 μg/mg prot（P<0.01），但对CHO含量无影响。同时罗汉果水提物作用后ACC、FAS和TNF-α基因的表达均下调。该研究证实罗汉果水提物可抑制MCD诱导的肝脂肪变性和炎性浸润、降低脂肪酸合成及炎症相关基因表达，从而为开发NASH防治产品奠定基础。     

绿茶、白茶水提物对肥胖小鼠血糖、血脂的干预作用及肠道微生物的影响

实验比较不同剂量白茶水提物和绿茶水提物对肥胖小鼠降糖、降脂的效果及对小鼠肠道菌群的影响。随机将48只小鼠分为正常组(CK)6只小鼠、造模组(HFD)6只和造模干预组36只小鼠。造模组分别采用2.5%、5%、10%白茶水提物和绿茶水提物处理。实验结束测定小鼠血糖、血脂,并通过高通量测序技术研究小鼠肠道微生物菌属相对丰度变化。结果显示:绿茶和白茶水提物只有剂量达到5%才能够降低小鼠体重和脂肪总重,且绿茶水提物的减脂效果更好。两者都能降低TG、TC、LDL-C含量,5%的绿茶和白茶显著降低LDL-C含量,5%的绿茶和白茶水提物降低TG的效果较好,只有10%剂量的绿茶水提物能显著降低TC效果。5%的绿茶水提物和白茶水提物有较好的降血糖效果。绿茶水提物肠道微生物实验结果分析显示Lachnoclostridium、Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group菌属丰度在2.5%~5%区间是逐步上升的,白茶水提物有剂量效应的菌属为Lachnoclostridium、Tyzzerella、Lachnospiraceae_UCG_006。     

雨生红球藻破壁孢子粉对小鼠酒精性肝损伤的保护作用

目的:研究雨生红球藻破壁孢子粉对小鼠酒精性肝损伤的保护作用。方法:将小鼠随机分为空白对照组、模型组和雨生红球藻粉低、中、高剂量组(100、200、400 mg/kg)。剂量组动物先灌胃受试物7 d,第8 d开始,给予剂量组和模型组50%酒精连续灌胃7 d,建立酒精性肝损伤模型。最后一次灌胃16 h后处死小鼠,取血清和相关脏器。测定小鼠血清中谷丙转氨酶(alanine aminotransferase,ALT)和谷草转氨酶(aspartate aminotransferase,AST)以及甘油三酯(triglyceride,TG)、总胆固醇(total cholesterol,TC)的含量,测定肝组织中超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase,SOD)的活性、谷胱甘肽(glutathione peroxidase,GSH)和丙二醛(malondialdehyde,MDA)含量,以及炎性因子Tumor Necrosis Factor-α(TNF-α)、Interleukin-1β(IL-β)水平,制作肝脏HE染色病理切片,观察肝组织的病理学变化。结果:与模型组相比,雨生红球各剂量组肝脏指数极显著降低(p<0.01),血清中AST含量极显著降低(p<0.01),TC含量显著降低(p<0.05),肝脏MDA和GSH含量降低,SOD活性提高,炎性因子TNF-α含量降低,IL-β含量极显著降低(p<0.01),肝组织病理损伤也得到明显改善。结果表明雨生红球藻破壁孢子粉对小鼠酒精性肝损伤具有明显的保护作用。     

茯砖茶水提物对高脂血症小鼠脂质代谢的影响 及其抗氧化作用的研究

目的考察茯砖茶的降血脂及肝保护作用。方法用高脂饲料饲喂小鼠建立高脂血症动物模型,以不同剂量(50 mg/kg·BW、150 mg/kg·BW、300 mg/kg·BW)茯砖茶水提物给小鼠每天灌胃,连续4周后检测血清中总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)水平。同时观察其对肝组织谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、丙二醛(MDA)、体重、肝体比及肝组织病理变化的影响。结果结果显示,与模型组相比,茯砖茶水提物可呈剂量依赖性地降低血清中TC、TG、LDL-C的水平,提高HDL-C的含量。茯砖茶水提物还可以显著降低小鼠体重、肝体比及肝组织中MDA含量,极显著提高肝组织中GSH-Px和SOD活性,并减轻了肝脏的脂肪变性程度。结论茯砖茶水提物有较明显地改善脂质代谢和抗氧化的作用。     

𩽾𩾌鱼皮酶溶胶原蛋白肽对小鼠非酒精性脂肪肝的影响及作用机制

为探究鮟鱇鱼皮酶溶胶原蛋白肽(pepsin-solubilized collagen peptides from Lophius litulo skin,PSCP)对高脂饮食诱导的小鼠非酒精性脂肪肝的影响及其机制,48只C57BL/6小鼠喂食高脂饲料4周诱导非酒精性脂肪肝模型,采用二甲双胍,低、中、高剂量PSCP处理模型小鼠6周,分别测定小鼠血清生理生化指标、肝脏氧化应激水平、肝脏组织病理学变化和蛋白的表达水平。实验结果表明:与模型组相比,二甲双胍和高剂量PSCP显著降低了小鼠血清中总胆固醇(total cholesterol,TC)、甘油三酯(triglyceride,TG)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(low-density lipoprotein,LDL-C)水平及谷草转氨酶(aspartate aminotransferase,AST)和谷丙转氨酶(alanime aminotransferase,ALT)活力,显著提高了高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)水平;二甲双胍及中、高剂量PSCP显著升高了小鼠肝脏中谷胱甘肽(glutathione,GSH)、超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase,SOD)、过氧化氢酶(catalase,CAT)含量,显著降低肝脏丙二醛(malondialdehyde,MDA)水平。苏木精-伊红染色和透射电镜结果显示,二甲双胍组和PSCP组小鼠肝脏结构明显好转。蛋白免疫印迹结果显示,与正常组相比,模型组小鼠肝脏中AMPKα、p-AMPKα和IκBα的蛋白表达量显著降低,SREBP-1和p65、p50、IKKα的蛋白表达量显著升高;而给予二甲双胍和PSCP后AMPKα、p-AMPKα和IκBα的蛋白表达量增加,SREBP-1和p65、p50、IKKα的蛋白表达量降低。研究结果表明,PSCP可显著改善非酒精性脂肪肝小鼠的生化指标,恢复肝组织结构,其改善机制可能与AMPK/NF-κB信号通路转导相关。     

赶黄草醇提物和赶黄草总黄酮对小鼠亚急性酒精性肝损伤保护作用的比较研究

目的:比较赶黄草醇提物和赶黄草总黄酮对小鼠亚急性酒精性肝损伤的保护作用。方法:将昆明小鼠随机分为正常组、模型组、阳性组(联苯双酯,150 mg/kg)、赶黄草醇提物3个不同剂量处理组(400、800和1600 mg/kg)及赶黄草总黄酮3个不同剂量处理组(100、200和400 mg/kg);应用酒精灌胃方法建立亚急性酒精性肝损伤小鼠模型,检测各组小鼠肝脏系数、肝组织病理变化和血清生化指标。结果:与模型组比较,赶黄草醇提物和赶黄草总黄酮高、中剂量组小鼠肝脏系数均显著降低(P<0.05),肝组织损伤和脂肪变性明显减轻,小鼠血清谷丙转氨酶(alanine transaminase,ALT)、谷草转氨酶(aspartate transaminase,AST)、碱性磷酸酶(alkaline phosphatase,ALP)、乳酸脱氢酶(lactic dehydrogenase,LDH)活性及总胆红素(total bilirubin,TBIL)、总胆固醇(total cholesterol, TC)、甘油三酯(triglycerides, TG)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(low density...     

滁菊水提物对肥胖症及血脂异常的预防作用

观察滁菊水提物对高脂饮食诱导的肥胖症及脂代谢异常的影响。采用高脂饲料饲喂小鼠8周诱导动物肥胖模型,然后观察滁菊水提物及VitE干预对小鼠增重、血清总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、低密度脂蛋白(LDLC)、高密度脂蛋白(HDL-C)水平的影响。滁菊水提物干预能显著减轻高脂饮食诱导的增重效应、抑制血清TC、TG、LDL-C水平的升高,而对HDL-C水平影响不大;与滁菊的抑制效应类似,抗氧化剂VitE干预也可显著抑制高脂饲料组小鼠的增重及血清TC、TG、LDL-C水平的增加,而对HDL-C水平无影响。滁菊水提物能有效预防高脂饮食诱导的肥胖症、高脂血症,其作用机理可能与其抗氧化活性有关。     

油菜花粉提取物对高脂诱导小鼠非酒精性脂肪肝病的预防作用

目的：研究油菜花粉提取物对高脂诱导小鼠非酒精性脂肪肝病的预防作用。方法：通过DPPH和羟基自由基法测定油菜花粉提取物的抗氧化活性。将60只小鼠随机分为正常组、模型组、二甲双胍组（200 mg/kg）、油菜花粉提取物低、中、高剂量组（2,4,8 g/kg）。除正常组给予正常饲料,其它各组给予高脂饲养,同时每天给药1次,连续饲养10周后,检测小鼠血清、肝脏中相关生化指标及p-AMPK和AMPK蛋白表达,HE染色法观察肝脏组织的病理变化。结果：油菜花粉提取物具有较强的抗氧化能力,经过干预后,与模型组相比,高剂量组小鼠肝脏质量显著性降低;所有干预组小鼠血清中AST、ALT、TG、TC和LDL-C水平及肝脏组织中TG、TC和MDA水平均显著降低,血清中HDL-C和肝脏组织中SOD水平均显著增加,肝组织中p-AMPK蛋白表达水平显著上调,并改善肝组织病理损伤症状。结论：油菜花粉提取物对高脂诱导小鼠非酒精性脂肪肝病具有预防作用,其机制可能与调控AMPK信号通路有关。     

紫菜发酵提取物的体外降血脂功能分析

对紫菜的微生物发酵产物进行功能分析研究。采用酿酒酵母菌(Saccharomyces cerevisiae)和枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)以固态、液态2种发酵方式发酵紫菜,利用非酒精性脂肪肝(non-alcoholic fatty liver disease,NAFLD)细胞模型对紫菜发酵提取物的体外降血脂活性进行评价。紫菜经过发酵后水溶性蛋白含量显著升高,还原糖含量显著下降;枯草芽孢杆菌液态发酵醇提物在高浓度下的抑脂率高达73%,与阳性对照洛伐他汀的结果接近;高浓度下枯草芽孢杆菌液态发酵水提物对胞内总甘油三酯(total triglyceride,TG)含量相较于模型组下降了8. 4%;枯草芽孢杆菌固、液态发酵醇提物对胞内总胆固醇(total cholesterol,TC)含量具有显著下调作用,相较于模型组分别下降了20. 3%和18. 2%。结果表明,紫菜经发酵后具有潜在的降血脂功能,进一步为紫菜的活性研究提供理论依据。     

绿茶提取物的降血脂及减肥作用研究

本实验以福建绿茶为原料,对其进行水提、茶渣醇提、残渣碱提,得到粗多糖、上清液、醇提物、粗蛋白四种提取物。以昆明小鼠为供试动物,喂食高脂饲料建立高脂肥胖模型,设置模型对照和正常对照,对四种提取物进行减肥降脂功效验证。结果表明:醇提物和上清液在调节血脂和控制体重方面效果较好,与模型组相比醇提物组TG和体重分别下降了37.50%、11.84%,上清液组TG和体重分别下降了35.42%、7.32%。粗蛋白和粗多糖只有一定的降血脂效果,与模型组相比TC分别下降了17.69%和9.52%,LDL-C下降了56.25%和42.97%。血清HL活力,醇提物组显著高于模型组;血清PL活力,上清液组显著低于模型组(P<0.01)。     

Textural Properties of Cold-set Gels Induced from Heat-denatured Whey Protein Isolates

A 9% whey protein (WP) isolate solution at pH 7.0 was heat-denatured at 80°C for 30 min. Size-exclusion HPLC showed that native WP formed soluble aggregates after heat-treatment. Additions of CaCl2 (10–40 mM), NaCl (50–400 mM) or glucono-delta-lactone (GDL, 0.4–2.0%, w/v) or hydrolysis by a protease from Bacillus licheniformis caused gelation of the denatured solution at 45°C. Textural parameters, hardness, adhesiveness, and cohesiveness of the gels so formed changed markedly with concentration of added salts or pH by added GDL. Maximum gel hardness occurred at 200 mM NaCl or pH 4.7. Increasing CaCl2 concentration continuously increased gel hardness. Generally, GDL-induced gels were harder than salt-induced gels, and much harder than the protease-induced gel.     

Occurrence of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in fish canned in oil

The levels of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) were quantified as part of a European survey on the migration of residues of epoxy resins into oil from canned fish. The contents of BFDGE in cans, lids and fish collected from all 15 Member States of the European Union and Switzerland were analysed in 382 samples. Cans and lids were separately extracted with acetonitrile. The extraction from fish was carried out with hexane followed by re-extraction with acetonitrile. The analysis was performed by reverse phase HPL C with fluorescence detection. BFDGE could be detected in 12% of the fish, 24% of the cans and 18% of the lids. Only 3% of the fish contained BFDGE in concentrations considerably above 1mg/kg. In addition to the presented data, a comparison was made with the levels of BADGE (bisphenol-A-diglycidyl ether)analysed in the same products in the context of a previous study.     

Review of techniques to manufacture micro-hydrogel particles for the food industry and their applications

Microgels are ‘soft’ microscopic cross-linked polymeric particles that are being increasingly exploited in a variety of industries for rheology control, encapsulation and targeted delivery. They are valued because of the ability to tune their functionality to address specific applications in oil recovery, coatings, drug delivery, cosmetics, personal care and foods. Food microgels are typically biopolymer hydrogels in the form of microspheres, nanospheres (also called nanogels), spheroids and fibres. The utilisation of engineered microgels in foods has so far been limited, despite their great potential to address several needs in the food industry, including: satiety control, encapsulation of phytonutrients and prebiotics, texture control for healthier food formulations (e.g. reduced fat products), and targeting delivery to specific areas in the digestive tract. We review the scientific and patent literature on the utilisation and manufacturing methods for producing microgels with an emphasis on micro-hydrogels for food applications.     

12—A CRITIQUE OF SOME HYPOTHESES RELATING TO THE HETEROGENEITY OF THE HIGH-SULPHUR PROTEINS OF WOOL

Joubert and Burns prepared a large number of fractions from the high-sulphur proteins of wool and estimated their molecular weights and amino-acid compositions. Their data have been re-examined in order to look for statistically significant interrelations between amino acids and between the proportion of various amino acids and molecular weight. Statistical analysis of the data is also used to examine the credibility of some hypotheses concerning the mechanism of keratin biosynthesis and to provide further evidence for the existence of families of proteins within the high-sulphur fractions of wool.     

Contribution of European research to risk analysis

The European Commission's, Quality of Life Research Programme, Key Action 1—Health, Food & Nutrition is mission-oriented and aims, amongst other things, at providing a healthy, safe and high-quality food supply leading to reinforced consumer confidence in the safety of European food. Its objectives also include the enhancing of the competitiveness of the European food supply. Key Action 1 is currently supporting a number of different types of European collaborative projects in the area of risk analysis. The objectives of these projects range from the development and validation of prevention strategies including the reduction of consumers risks; development and validation of new modelling approaches; harmonization of risk assessment principles, methodologies, and terminology; standardization of methods and systems used for the safety evaluation of transgenic food; providing of tools for the evaluation of human viral contamination of shellfish and quality control; new methodologies for assessing the potential of unintended effects of genetically modified (genetically modified) foods; development of a risk assessment model for Cryptosporidium parvum related to the food and water industries; to the development of a communication platform for genetically modified organism, producers, retailers, regulatory authorities and consumer groups to improve safety assessment procedures, risk management strategies and risk communication; development and validation of new methods for safety testing of transgenic food; evaluation of the safety and efficacy of iron supplementation in pregnant women; evaluation of the potential cancer-preventing activity of pro- and pre-biotic ('synbiotic') combinations in human volunteers. An overview of these projects is presented here.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of     

The Latest Data about Development of Chinese Printing Industry in 2013

In the 2014 China（Shanghai）International Printing Week,Director Wang Yanbin released the latest data about development of Chinese printing industry in 2013.According to statistics,in 2013,the total output value of Chinese printing industry exceeded 1trillion Yuan for the first time,reaching 1.03985 trillion Yuan.There were 105,000 printing enterprises in China,employees were 3.415 million.The total asset was 1.06247 trillion Yuan;     

The State Council Issued "Directory of Government Approved Investment Projects(2013 Edition)"

正On December 2nd,2013,the State Council issued the notification of"Directory of Government Approved Investment Projects(2013 Edition)"(hereafter referred to as"notification").It is pointed out in the"notification"that in order to further deepen reforms in investment systems and administrative examination and approval systems,simplify administrative procedures and delegate powers to lower levels,earnestly     

China textile machinery: taking off in progress

正Among the 1600 exhibitors who take apart in the ITMA ASIA+CITME2014 2/3 are Chinese manufactures.If the numerous figures failed to attract your attention,the increase of quality should draw your focus.To adopt the demand of developing textile machine market,domestic textile machinery enterprises now follow the slogan of"technology drives development"to enhance product competitiveness.Our domestic sellers will showcase product ranging from spinning,weaving,dyeing and printing,     

Top Ten News of China's Paper Industry 2013

On December 24th, 2013, the meeting on the selection of top 10 news of China＇s paper industry 2013 sponsored by 〈China Paper Newsletters〉 was held in Beijing. The yearly selection of the top l0 news, which began in 2000, has become a brand activity widely recognized in the industry thanks to the support from the authorities at all levels and public participation.