新型含硼无机高分子絮凝剂的应用性能

用含铁、铝金属核和含活性二氧化硅的交联剂进行硼的改性,合成了一种新型的含硼无机高分子聚硅酸铝铁絮凝剂(PFASSB),研究了不同组成对絮凝性能的影响.对印染废水的对比絮凝实验表明,PFASSB絮凝剂的应用性能明显高于传统的絮凝剂.     

阳离子淀粉对染料废水絮凝性能的研究

采用阳离子淀粉作为絮凝剂对染料废水进行处理，研究其絮凝性能．探讨了阳离子淀粉的用量、废水pH及絮凝时间和温度对絮凝效果的影响，确定了阳离子淀粉处理染料废水的最佳条件．试验结果表明：阳离子淀粉对染料废水有较好的絮凝效果，其絮凝效果与聚铝絮凝剂相近．     

高分子复合絮凝剂在废水处理中的研究进展

针对传统无机絮凝剂如铝、铁盐存在使用量大，絮凝效果一般，而有机絮凝剂如聚丙烯酰胺存在二次污染等问题，文章概述了高分子复合絮凝剂处理不同类型废水的研究现状，介绍了不同复合絮凝体系的絮凝机制，包括无机-无机、无机-有机、有机-有机和微生物等复合絮凝剂，及其在废水处理过程中的应用发展过程。并从絮凝性能、絮体特性、污泥脱水3个方面阐述了单一絮凝体系的局限性和挑战，提出了添加功能性成分的应对策略，最后展望了絮凝剂的发展前景，为新型复合絮凝剂的设计和开发提供参考。     

聚铝铁硅复合型絮凝剂的制备及絮凝性能研究

用铝、铁和聚合硅酸为主要原料来制备絮凝剂(PAFSC)，并对其制备工艺进行了研究．同时，对絮凝剂的聚合程度、反应时间、温度、废水pH值等对絮凝性能的影响进行了分析．结果表明：同其它絮凝剂相比，PAFSC具有更好的絮凝效果，用量少，溶液化学稳定性较高。     

微生物絮凝剂的絮凝特性及废水处理研究

研究了影响微生物絮凝剂L-3絮凝活性的因素，并考察了其在染料废水处理方面的应用前景。结果表明：该絮凝剂絮凝膨润土悬浮液的最适宜pH值为8，Ca^2 、Mg^2 等阳离子对其絮凝具有促进作用，对酸性湖蓝A，碱性品红，活性翠绿KN-R，直接深紫NM具有较好的脱色性能，脱色率分别达到93％，84．2％，75．5％，86％。     

微生物絮凝剂的制备及絮凝条件的研究

报道微生物絮凝剂制备工艺，初步分析微生物絮凝剂的组分。研究了3株絮凝剂产生菌JIM-15、JIM-89和JIM-127产生的絮凝剂的絮凝条件。分别考察了PH、Ca2+、温度、样品加量等理化因素对絮凝的影响，以及絮凝剂对不同微生物菌悬液的絮凝作用。     

一株假单胞菌的分离鉴定及其产絮凝剂絮凝特性的研究

目的:获得高效廉价的微生物絮凝剂。方法:利用常规筛选技术从宜州龙江河沿岸排污口污泥中分离筛选菌株,菌种鉴定是经形态观察、理化特性分析以及分子水平16S rDNA系统进化分析进行的;按照常规方法考察了絮凝剂在高岭土、活性炭及酵母悬浮液中的絮凝性能和影响絮凝性能的因素。结果:获得一株产絮凝剂的菌株L2019-2,该絮凝活性菌株鉴定为维罗纳假单胞菌(Pseudomonas veronii)。其产生的生物高分子絮凝剂在无机悬浮液和有机悬浮液中均具有絮凝活性。在高岭土悬浮液中,pH为5.0、温度为30 ℃、助凝剂为Fe3+时,絮凝剂的絮凝活性较高,絮凝率达98.30%。经化学组成分析,该絮凝剂为酸性糖蛋白。结论:L2019-2所产絮凝剂具有很好的絮凝性能,可为研究微生物絮凝剂提供良好的菌种资源,在污水处理中更具有很好的应用潜力。     

复合型絮凝剂对印染废水的脱色性能研究

研究了由聚合铝铁和助凝剂复合形成的絮凝剂对分散染料和涂料的脱色性能,分析比较了助凝剂用量、废水pH值及絮凝剂的稳定性等因素对絮凝脱色效果和废水沉降速率的影响.结果表明,同其他絮凝剂相比,复合型絮凝剂对分散染料和涂料具有更好和更快的絮凝效果,且投入量少.     

α－Fe_2O_3溶胶在羟基羧酸中的吸附络合絮凝

通过α－Ｆｅ２Ｏ３单分散溶胶在不同羟基羧酸中的絮凝－稳定情况阐述了该类絮凝剂对α－Ｆｅ２Ｏ３的絮凝特点：羟基酸絮凝剂使α－Ｆｅ２Ｏ３单分散溶胶发生絮凝和再稳定的机理不同于一般电解质，属于吸附络合絮凝．絮凝能力因絮凝剂的结构差异而不同，絮凝－稳定性均受体系中絮凝剂浓度及ｐＨ值的制约．     

絮凝剂在造纸废水处理中的应用

絮凝沉淀法作为一种成本较低的造纸废水处理方法被广泛采用。其水处理效果的好坏很大程度上取决于絮凝剂的性能,絮凝剂是絮凝法水处理技术的核心。本文介绍了絮凝剂的种类以及作用机理。重点介绍了微生物絮凝剂,以及微生物絮凝剂有待进一步解决的问题,并指出微生物絮凝剂是以后发展的方向。     

Textural Properties of Cold-set Gels Induced from Heat-denatured Whey Protein Isolates

A 9% whey protein (WP) isolate solution at pH 7.0 was heat-denatured at 80°C for 30 min. Size-exclusion HPLC showed that native WP formed soluble aggregates after heat-treatment. Additions of CaCl2 (10–40 mM), NaCl (50–400 mM) or glucono-delta-lactone (GDL, 0.4–2.0%, w/v) or hydrolysis by a protease from Bacillus licheniformis caused gelation of the denatured solution at 45°C. Textural parameters, hardness, adhesiveness, and cohesiveness of the gels so formed changed markedly with concentration of added salts or pH by added GDL. Maximum gel hardness occurred at 200 mM NaCl or pH 4.7. Increasing CaCl2 concentration continuously increased gel hardness. Generally, GDL-induced gels were harder than salt-induced gels, and much harder than the protease-induced gel.     

Occurrence of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in fish canned in oil

The levels of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) were quantified as part of a European survey on the migration of residues of epoxy resins into oil from canned fish. The contents of BFDGE in cans, lids and fish collected from all 15 Member States of the European Union and Switzerland were analysed in 382 samples. Cans and lids were separately extracted with acetonitrile. The extraction from fish was carried out with hexane followed by re-extraction with acetonitrile. The analysis was performed by reverse phase HPL C with fluorescence detection. BFDGE could be detected in 12% of the fish, 24% of the cans and 18% of the lids. Only 3% of the fish contained BFDGE in concentrations considerably above 1mg/kg. In addition to the presented data, a comparison was made with the levels of BADGE (bisphenol-A-diglycidyl ether)analysed in the same products in the context of a previous study.     

Contribution of European research to risk analysis

The European Commission's, Quality of Life Research Programme, Key Action 1—Health, Food & Nutrition is mission-oriented and aims, amongst other things, at providing a healthy, safe and high-quality food supply leading to reinforced consumer confidence in the safety of European food. Its objectives also include the enhancing of the competitiveness of the European food supply. Key Action 1 is currently supporting a number of different types of European collaborative projects in the area of risk analysis. The objectives of these projects range from the development and validation of prevention strategies including the reduction of consumers risks; development and validation of new modelling approaches; harmonization of risk assessment principles, methodologies, and terminology; standardization of methods and systems used for the safety evaluation of transgenic food; providing of tools for the evaluation of human viral contamination of shellfish and quality control; new methodologies for assessing the potential of unintended effects of genetically modified (genetically modified) foods; development of a risk assessment model for Cryptosporidium parvum related to the food and water industries; to the development of a communication platform for genetically modified organism, producers, retailers, regulatory authorities and consumer groups to improve safety assessment procedures, risk management strategies and risk communication; development and validation of new methods for safety testing of transgenic food; evaluation of the safety and efficacy of iron supplementation in pregnant women; evaluation of the potential cancer-preventing activity of pro- and pre-biotic ('synbiotic') combinations in human volunteers. An overview of these projects is presented here.     

低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性

为研究低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性,以经低温脱脂的带皮菜籽粕为原料,经微粉碎后筛分成212~425μm、150~212μm和106~150μm的3个不同粒级的微粉样品,检测这些样品的吸水性、吸油性、乳化性和乳化稳定性、蛋白质体外消化率。结果表明:1 3个不同粒级的微粉样品之间的粗纤维含量存在显著差异,表明三者的结构组成成分有一定差异。23个微粉样品的乳化活性和乳化稳定性随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。33个微粉样品的蛋白质体外消化率随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。4不同粒级带皮菜籽粕微粉样品的吸水性与吸油性受其结构组成物质不同和粒度的双重影响,与粒度的相关性不明显。     

Microbiology of food taints

Fresh and processed foods are often spoilt by the presence of undesirable flavours and odours caused by microbial action. The aim of this paper is to review the current knowledge of microbiologically induced taints that occur in a wide range of foodstuffs, including meats, poultry, fish, crustaceans, milk, dairy products, fruits, vegetables, cereals and cereal products. Examples have been chosen where the compounds responsible for the taint have been identified and sufficient data obtained to demonstrate the involvement of microorganisms. However, in some cases the full identity of the causative organism may not have been elucidated. The types of microorganisms covered by this review include bacteria, fungi, yeasts, actinomycetes and cyanobacteria. Although cyanobacteria do not in general infect foods, their presence in aqueous systems and water supplies can lead to off-flavours in aquatic organisms and processed foodstuffs. Several examples of each of these processes are discussed. Wherever possible, the likely biosynthetic pathway used by the microorganism to produce the offending compound in a foodstuff is indicated.     

Analysis for organic residues from aids to polymerization used to make plastics intended for food contact

Polymers intended for food contact use have been analysed for organic residues which could be attributed to a range of substances employed as polymerization aids (e.g. initiators and catalysts). A wide range of polymers was extracted with solvents and the extracts analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The overwhelming majority of substances identified were not derived from aids to polymerization but were oligomers, additives and adventitious contaminants. However, a small number of substances were identified as initiator residues. These included tetramethylsuccinonitrile (TMSN) which was observed in two polymers and it derived from recombination of two azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) initiator radicals. Methyl benzoate, benzoic acid, biphenyl and phenyl benzoate were detected in one poly(methyl methacrylate) sample and in two polyvinylchlorides and they are thought to be derived from benzoyl peroxide initiator. TMSN was subsequently targeted for analysis of poly-(methyl methacrylate) plastics using proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry (¹     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part II: Medium molecular weight permeants

Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of different medium molecular weight model permeants: bisphenol A, warfarin and anthracene, from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 microns-thick orientated polypropylene--OPP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. The characterization of permeation kinetics generally observed the permeation models previously reported to explain the experimental permeation results obtained for a low molecular weight group of model permeants. In general, the model permeants exhibited behaviour consistent with their relative molecular weights with respect to (a) the time taken to attain steady-state permeation into the food simulant in which they were more soluble, (b) their subsequent steady-state permeation rates, and (c) their partition between liquid paraffin and the OPP membrane.     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. I: Interlaboratory studies of methods of analysis

This paper describes the first part of a project undertaken to develop mussel reference materials for Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning (PSP) toxins. Two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin (STX) and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin (dc-STX) in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the second part of the project: the certification exercise. In the first study, 18 laboratories were asked to measure STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and to identify as many other PSP toxins as possible with a method of their choice. In the second interlaboratory study, 15 laboratories were additionally asked to determine quantitatively STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The first study revealed that three out of four postcolumn derivatization methods and one pre-column derivatization method sufficed in principle to determine STX and dc-STX. Most participants (13 of 18) obtained acceptable calibration curves and recoveries. Saxitoxin was hardly detected in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels and results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 58% at a mass fraction of 1.86 mg/kg. Most participants (14 out of 18) identified gonyautoxin-5 (GTX-5) in a hydrolysed extract provided. The first study led to provisional criteria for linearity, recovery and separation. The second study revealed that 6 out of 15 laboratories were able to meet these criteria. Results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 3.49mg/kg. Results obtained for STX in the saxitoxin-enriched material yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 0.34mg/kg. Saxitoxin could not be detected in the PSP-positive material. Hydrolysis was useful to confirm the identity of GTX5 and provided indicative information about C1 and C2 toxins in the PSP-positive material. The methods used in the second interlaboratory study showed sufficiently consistent analysis results to undertake a certification exercise to assign certified values for STX and dc-STX in lyophilized mussel.     

Focus on China's Paper Industry

In the English section of this issue, 〈China Paper Newsletters〉 will introduce ＂National Development and Reform Commission Issued Announcement for Selection of Major Preliminary Research Projects for the ＇13th Five-Year Plan＇＂, ＂2013 Annual Report of China＇s Paper Industry＂, and news of projects and other policies.     

Listen to downstream & search for innovation

正Nowadays,textile enterprises are all taking efforts in transformation and upgrading,like improving producing capacity and optimizing production structure to face market downturn.It claimed a higher request to the standard of textile equipments.In the upcoming of ITMA ASIA+CITME 2014exhibition,this magazine have interviewed several branch associations and a series of relative enterprises,to summarize industrial developing status