副溶血弧菌TDH的原核表达及单克隆抗体的制备

为实现副溶血性弧菌tdh基因的原核表达,采用TCBS选择培养基从贝类中筛选副溶血性弧菌疑似菌株;根据Gen Bank上已有的tdh基因序列,设计并人工合成引物,通过PCR技术鉴定副溶血性弧菌并扩增tdh基因;酶切后定向插入到p ET-28a表达载体中,构建重组表达质粒p ET-28a-tdh,转入E.coli Rosetta中,在IPTG诱导下进行TDH蛋白表达。为制备耐热直接溶血毒素TDH单克隆抗体,用纯化的蛋白作为免疫原免疫BALB/c小鼠,成功用原核载体表达的TDH蛋白为免疫原,制得一株能稳定分泌单克隆抗体的杂交瘤细胞,命名为T9N10。获取腹水并经Ni-NTA Resin亲和柱纯化,其稳定分泌的单克隆抗体经鉴定为Ig G1,相对分子质量约为146 000,并表现出较强的特异性。本研究为开发副溶血弧菌免疫学快速检测和深入的研究奠定良好的物质基础。     

食物来源和食源性疾病来源的副溶血性弧菌的生物学特性比较研究

目的了解温州市平阳县食物来源和食源性疾病来源的副溶血性弧菌的血清群分布特点以及耐热直接溶血素(TDH)和TDH相关溶血素(TRH)检出情况。方法以59株副溶血性弧菌食品风险监测分离株和39株副溶血性弧菌食源性疾病监测分离株为研究对象,用标准血清进行血清学分群,应用实时荧光定量聚合酶链式反应(PCR)法检测tdh基因和trh基因。结果食品风险监测分离株检出9个血清群,无优势菌群;食源性疾病监测分离株检出O1、O3和O4;以O3和O4为主,分别占48.7%(19/39)和46.2%(18/39)。食源性疾病监测分离株的毒力基因检测结果为38株仅含有tdh基因,1株仅含有trh基因,而食品风险监测分离株仅检出1株只含有tdh基因的菌株。结论平阳县食品风险监测中分离的副溶血性弧菌菌株与分离自食源性疾病监测的副溶血性弧菌菌株的主要血清型、毒力基因都存在差别。本研究为预防和快速检验副溶血性弧菌引起的食源性疾病提供了科学依据。     

胁迫温度下两株高致病性副溶血弧菌的生长差异比较分析

为了比较胁迫温度下高致病性副溶血性弧菌的生长差异,作者选用致病性副溶血性弧菌ATCC 33847(tlh~+/tdh~+/trh~-)和F 18(tlh~+/tdh~+/trh~-),测定其在南美白对虾上4~30℃的生长情况,采用修正一级模型拟合其生长曲线,并基于最优模型拟合得到的最大比生长速率(μmax)、延滞期(LT)比较分析两株菌的生长特性。结果表明,20~30℃时,两株副溶血性弧菌并未呈现出明显生长差异,而4~15℃时的生长差异较大。修正Gompertz模型为ATCC 33847和F 18在15~30℃的生长曲线的最优模型(R~20.99),Baranyi模型为ATCC 33847在4~7℃以及F 18在7℃下最优模型(R~20.935),而F 18在4℃和10℃的生长模型有待于进一步研究。15~30℃,F 18的μmax大于ATCC 33847,差值约从0.2 lg(cfu/mL)/h增至0.8 lg(cfu/mL)/h,ATCC 33847的LT大于F 18,差值从2.5 h变化到7 h。比较其他同类文献的μmax二级模型发现高致病性菌株存在显著性生长差异(P0.05),且差值随着温度的升高而变大。因此,胁迫温度下相同致病性副溶血性弧菌的生长存在较大的异质性,而结合微生物实际生活环境,建议考虑建立以混合菌株为研究对象的预测模型,为风险评估提供更准确的数据基础。     

副溶血性弧菌vanM基因原核表达及酰基高丝氨酸内酯信号分子鉴定研究

从副溶血性弧菌ATCC33847扩增van M基因,连接到p MD19-T载体进行克隆测序和序列比对;将测序正确的van M序列经Nde I和Eco RI酶切后连接到p ET22b;以IPTG诱导van M基因在BL21(DE3)中表达;利用acyl-HSL报告菌株KYC55检测ATCC33847和带有van M基因的大肠杆菌的acyl-HSL活性;萃取Van M合成的acyl-HSL信号分子,经HPLC-MS测试后与标准品进行对比分析。成功测序了ATCC33847 van M基因,与鳗弧菌van M基因序列相似性达到57%;并构建了p ET22b-van M表达质粒,以0.6 mmol/L IPTG诱导BL21(DE3)表达系统时Van M融合蛋白表达量最大;经过KYC55检测ATCC33847和带有p ET22b-van M的大肠杆菌能够产生acyl-HSL活性;HPLC-MS分析显示,ATCC33847和携带p ET22b-van M的BL21(DE3)萃取物中含有3-Hydroxybutanoyl-HSL(3-OH-C4-HSL)和3-Hydroxydecanoyl-HSL(3-OH-C10-HSL)信号分子。本研究克隆表达了副溶血性弧菌van M,首次证明了副溶血性弧菌利用Van M信号分子合成酶合成acyl-HSL信号分子3-OH-C4-HSL和3-OH-C10-HSL。     

不同致病性副溶血性弧菌在南美白对虾中的生长动力学参数比较研究

为了探讨不同致病性副溶血性弧菌(pathogenic Vibrioparahaemolyticus,pVp)在南美白对虾及其他生长基质(培养基和三文鱼)中生长动力学参数的差异.测定了12℃和35℃下,三株pVp(含有tdh基因):ATCC33847、F13、临床分离株(Clinical Vibrio parahaemolyticus strain,CV)在南美白对虾中的生长曲线,采用不同一级模型拟合得出生长动力学参数并与同类研究进行比较.结果显示,Baranyi模型对三株致病性副溶血性弧菌生长曲线的拟合效果最好.通过将本研究结果与同类研究相比可知,血清型为O3:K6的致病性副溶血性弧菌CV在12℃和35℃下在南美白对虾中的μmax均大于同类研究中的pVp在培养基和三文鱼中的μmax.不同的pVp菌株在12℃、不同生长基质中的生长动力学参数存在较大差异.由此可见,在构建副溶血性弧菌的生长预测模型及进行风险评估时,应充分考虑不同菌株之间以及不同生长基质之间的差异对微生物生长动力学参数的影响.     

食品中副溶血性弧菌toxR和tdh基因双色荧光PCR检测方法的建立

目的 建立对副溶血性弧菌（Vibrio parahaemolyticus）特异性检测toxR（跨膜转录激活蛋白）基因和tdh（热稳定性直接溶血素）毒力基因的Taqman探针双色荧光PCR检测方法。方法 根据副溶血性弧菌toxR基因和tdh基因,分别设计引物和探针,建立Taqman探针双色荧光PCR扩增体系,进行特异性、灵敏度试验;对副溶血性弧菌分离菌株实施检测,了解其tdh基因和tdh基因分布情况。结果 结果表明,副溶血性弧菌标准菌株和3株从食物中毒患者中分离获得的分离株均出现toxR基因和tdh扩增曲线,而溶藻弧菌、单增李斯特菌等31株弧菌属其他菌株和肠杆菌科的菌株未见扩增曲线。从食品中分离的37株副溶血性弧菌分离株均未携带tdh毒力基因。副溶血性弧菌检测灵敏度可达到3.6×102 cfu/mL。结论 该方法可用于同时检测食品中副溶血性弧菌的特异性和毒力基因。     

半定量RT-PCR检测副溶血弧菌tlh基因的表达差异

副溶血弧菌是广泛存在于近海区域、盐湖和海产品中的食源性致病菌,会引起大规模的食物中毒。TLH是副溶血弧菌最主要的毒力因子之一,通过比较tlh的表达量可以间接比较同种菌株在不同应激条件下以及不同菌株之间的毒力差异。本文以在不同条件下培养的三株Vp为材料,分别提取其总RNA,以16SrRNA为内标基因,运用半定量反转录—多聚酶链反应(RT-PCR)检测副溶血弧菌不耐热溶血毒素(tlh)基因在不同应激条件下的表达差异。结果表明,在5%的盐度下,三株Vp的tlh基因的表达量都高于其他盐浓度;25℃下,tlh的表达量高于在其他温度条件下;在三株Vp中,ATCC33846中tlhmRNA的表达量最低,ATCC33847中的表达量最高。     

实时荧光PCR方法检测副溶血性弧菌的研究

建立了一种快速检测副溶血性弧菌（vibrio parahaemolyticus,VP）的荧光PCR（Real time polymerase chain re-action）方法。首先,从GenBank中获得副溶血性弧菌种特异性基因不耐热溶血毒素基因tl和直接耐热溶血素毒素基因tdh,用Primer Express2.0设计引物和Taqman荧光探针,在Roche荧光PCR上进行荧光PCR扩增,荧光曲线表明该荧光PCR可特异性地检测副溶血性弧菌,而大肠杆菌等其他14种细菌和空白对照都是阴性;检测方法灵敏度达10cfu/reaction。本研究建立的荧光PCR检测副溶血性弧菌的方法快速、特异性强,灵敏度高,稳定性好,可检测出总的和带tdh毒力基因的副溶血性弧菌,适合于大批量样品的检验,可广泛用于出入境检疫和动物防疫监督部门的疫情监测。     

冰鲜金鲳鱼样品中一株副溶血性弧菌的分离与鉴定

目的对一株分离于冰鲜金鲳鱼样品中的菌株进行分析鉴定。方法利用TCBS培养基和弧菌选择性培养基从冰鲜金鲳鱼样品中分离到1株菌株sznj V083,并对该菌株的菌落形态、生理生化特征及其分子生物学特性进行分析。同时进行副溶血性弧菌(Vibrio parahaemolyticus)标准菌株ATCC33847,创伤弧菌(Vibrio vulnificus)标准菌株ATCC27562的质控检验。结果该菌株在TCBS平板上呈现蓝绿色菌落,而在弧菌显色平板上呈现深蓝色菌落,其全自动生化鉴定结果显示其为创伤弧菌。PCR试验和16S rDNA序列分析表明,该菌株为副溶血性弧菌并与参考菌株Vibrio parahaemolyticus BB22OP(登陆号CP003973.1)的同源性最高。且该菌株的毒力基因tdh、trh检测为阴性。结论分离于冰鲜金鲳鱼样品中的菌株sznj V083为副溶血性弧菌。在副溶血性弧菌的检测中,除了常规的生理生化等方法外,还应该结合16S rDNA基因序列分析或PCR方法提高检测结果的特异性和灵敏度,以保证检测结果的真实性和准确性。     

上海市售海产品中副溶血性弧菌的分布状况

海产品中副溶血性弧菌引起的食物中毒已成为我国沿海地区细菌性食物中毒的首要病原。本研究中针对上海市闵行区某农贸市场的海产品开展为期1年的调查分析,共采集257份样品。按照国家标准(GB/T4789.7-2008),以硫代硫酸钠柠檬酸胆盐蔗糖培养基(TCBS)和科玛嘉弧菌显色培养基(CV)两种选择性培养基辅助分离副溶血性弧菌疑似菌株,结合生化试验和PCR方法对疑似菌株进行鉴定,从84份阳性样本中获得107株副溶血性弧菌分离株。其结果表明:该农贸市场市售海产品中副溶血性弧菌的污染率为32.7%,其中牡蛎中副溶血性弧菌污染率最高(达54.4%),蛤蜊和海瓜子次之(分别为33.9%,25.6%)。牡蛎中副溶血性弧菌的污染水平与季节性变化直接相关。对107株分离株的主要毒力基因tdh和trh进行PCR筛查,tdh阳性菌株为10株,trh阳性菌株为1株,并且此株菌为tdh、trh双阳性菌株,tdh和trh的携带率分别为9.4%和1.0%,tdh、trh双基因的携带率为1.0%。结论:市售海产品中副溶血性弧菌污染状况较为严重。这为政府相关职能部门开展食品安全防控提供了参考依据。     

Evaluation of nonisotopic DNA hybridization methods for detection of the tdh gene of vibrio parahaemolyticus

Production of the thermostable direct hemolysin (TDH) by Vibrio parahaemolyticus is associated with pathogenicity of the organism and is encoded by the tdh gene. The timely resolution of seafood-associated outbreaks requires rapid and accurate detection of pathogenic V. parahaemolyticus. The specificity of alkaline phosphatase- and digoxigenin-labeled tdh gene probes was evaluated against 61 strains of V. parahaemolyticus (including isolates from recent outbreaks involving oysters from the Pacific Northwest, Texas, and New York), 85 strains of other vibrios, and 7 strains of non-vibrio species from clinical and environmental sources. The probes were specific for detection of the V. parahaemolyticus tdh gene.     

Expression of superoxide dismutase, catalase and thermostable direct hemolysin by, and growth in the presence of various nitrogen and carbon sources of heat-shocked and ethanol-shocked Vibrio parahaemolyticus

Vibrio parahaemolyticus 690 was subjected either to heat shock at 42 degrees C or ethanol shock in the presence of 5% ethanol. The effects of those shocks on superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities, and thermostable direct hemolysin (TDH) production were examined. In addition, the growth behaviors of the stressed and unstressed cells of V. parahaemolyticus in the presence of various nitrogen and carbon sources were compared. Both heat shock and ethanol shock reduced the levels of SOD and CAT activities in V. parahaemolyticus. Gel activity staining assay failed to detect the expression of CAT, while one SOD enzyme with an electrophoretic mobility greater than the [Mn]SOD and [Fe]SOD of Escherichia coli was detected in the unstressed, heat-shocked and ethanol-shocked cells of V. parahaemolyticus. Heat shock for 15-60 min and ethanol shock for 45-60 min were found to enhance the synthesis of TDH. Ethanol-shocked and unstressed cells of V. parahaemolyticus grew similarly and produced similar amounts of TDH when they were grown in TSB-3% NaCl, but slower growth and less production of TDH occurred with heat-shocked cells until after 200 min of cultivation. The growth rate and maximum growth of the unstressed, heat-shocked and ethanol-shocked cells varied with the nitrogen and carbon sources used. With the same nitrogen or carbon source, the growth patterns of the ethanol-shocked and unstressed cells were similar while the heat-shocked cells exhibited an extended lag period.     

Response of Vibrio parahaemolyticus to ethanol shock

In this study, the growth and survival of Vibrio parahaemolyticus in the presence of 0.0-8.0% ethanol was first examined. V. parahaemolyticus was then exposed to a sub-lethal dose of 5.0% ethanol for 30 and 60 min (ethanol shock). Morphological changes and alterations in cell leakage, thermal tolerance at 47 degrees C, and susceptibility to 8% ethanol and low temperature (4 and -18 degrees C) of V. parahaemolyticus caused by ethanol shock were investigated. In addition, recoveries of the ethanol-shocked cells of V. parahaemolyticus on thiosulfate-citrate-bile salts-sucrose agar (TCBS) and TSA-3.0% NaCl were also compared. The findings revealed that the presence of ethanol in TSB-3.0% NaCl at 6.0-8.0% and 5.0% or less, exerted bactericidal and partial growth inhibition effect, respectively, on V. parahaemolyticus. Recovery of ethanol-shocked cells of V. parahaemolyticus was significantly (P<0.05) less on TCBS than on TSA-3.0% NaCl. A significantly (P<0.05) marked increase of protein and nucleic acid material in the supernatant of cell suspension was found after cells of V. parahaemolyticus were exposed to ethanol shock. Extensive cell disruption, wrinkling and cell-wall pitting, indicative of cell-surface damage were also noted on the ethanol-shocked cells. Ethanol-shocked cells of V. parahaemolyticus exhibited a similar yet higher susceptibility at 4 and -18 degrees C compared with the control cells. Moreover, there was a marked increase in the thermal tolerance and resistance to 8.0% ethanol with cells of V. parahaemolyticus after ethanol shock. Finally, the duration of ethanol shock testing did not affect the extent of increased thermal tolerance. While cells of V. parahaemolyticus subjected to ethanol shock for 60 min showed an increase in their resistance to 8.0% ethanol, they also showed an increase in susceptibility at -18 degrees C, than those ethanol shocked for 30 min.     

戊糖片球菌的抑菌与共凝聚能力及其对水体中副溶血性弧菌的净化效应

研究了7株戊糖片球菌对副溶血性弧菌的抑菌特性和共凝聚能力,探讨了不同抑菌和凝聚特性的戊糖片球菌的细胞形态特征及其对水体中副溶血性弧菌的影响。结果表明7株戊糖片球菌对副溶血性弧菌的抑制作用是同p H值乳酸的1.1~1.3倍,抑菌活性对过氧化氢酶、蛋白酶以及加热处理不敏感。戊糖片球菌对副溶血性弧菌的2 h共凝聚率在14.8~37.6%之间,具有显著菌株差异性,其中菌株F28-8达到37.6%,显著高于其它菌株(P0.01)。扫描电镜结果显示菌株F28-8具有独特的细胞表面结构和粘连模式。戊糖片球菌对水体中副溶血性弧菌具有促凝聚和减菌作用,副溶血性弧菌悬液经过F28-8处理60 h,上层悬液中的可培养细胞浓度比未经处理的对照组降低了3.1 Log10 CFU/m L,显著高于低凝聚性菌株H13(P0.01),而凝聚物中可培养细胞比对照组降低了1.6 Log10CFU/m L,与H13处理无显著差异(P0.05)。     

北部湾茅尾海副溶血性弧菌的分离鉴定与致病性分析

为解析北部湾海域及水产品中副溶血性弧菌的多样性特征与安全风险,本研究采集了北部湾茅尾海养殖区域海水和水产经济动物样品,利用硫代硫酸盐柠檬酸盐胆盐蔗糖琼脂培养基(TCBS)对所采样品进行海洋弧菌的分离和纯化,共分离获得109株疑似弧菌菌株。通过16S rDNA和特异功能基因toxR的PCR扩增并测序鉴定,共检出副溶血性弧菌20株,检出率为18.3%。此外,通过系统发育分析还发现副溶血性弧菌的toxR和tdh基因序列都存在水平基因转移现象,呈现出较大的多样性。对20个副溶血性弧菌菌株的毒力基因tdh进行分析,结果表明有4株携带了tdh毒力基因,检出率为20%,易引起食物中毒,对公共卫生造成的威胁较大。因此,本研究建议采用PCR技术开展副溶血性弧菌特异种属基因和毒力基因检测,准确评估北部湾区域海水及其水产品的卫生安全性,降低爆发水产养殖业病害和食源性疾病的风险。     

Pathogenetic characterization of Vibrio parahaemolyticus isolates from clinical and seafood sources

A total of 216 Vibrio parahaemolyticus isolates from seafood and clinical samples in eastern China were investigated for their hemolytic and urea-producing phenotypes, presence of putative virulence genes tdh and trh. Twenty-one clinical isolates (84%, 21/25) and 3 seafood isolates (1.57%, 3/191) were tdh-positive while only 3 clinical isolates (12%) and 7 seafood isolates (3.66%) were positive for trh gene. We further examined the pathogenicity of selected V. parahaemolyticus isolates in in vitro and in vivo systems. The clinical isolates were apparently more enteropathogenic (74.26 per thousand vs 62.07 per thousand expressed as intestine/body weight ratio, P<0.01) and more virulent than their seafood counterparts to mice (log LD(50) 6.86 vs 7.40 via orogastric route, P<0.05). They were also more adherent to in vitro cultured cells and of higher cytotoxicity as measured by LDH release of the HeLa cells although there were no statistical differences. The tdh-positive V. parahaemolyticus isolates were of higher enteropathogenicity (P<0.05, 74.24 per thousand vs 60.55 per thousand) and more virulent (log LD(50) 6.55 vs 7.21 via intraperitoneal route, P<0.05) than tdh-negative isolates. The tdh-positive isolates were generally more cytotoxic and adhesive to the cultured cell lines as well. From the in vitro and in vivo pathogenicity profiles, trh-positive isolates seemed to line between tdh-positive isolates and those without tdh and trh. There were two isolates H8 and H10 from clinical cases having moderate enteropathogenicity and virulence to mice, but were tdh-negative yet trh-positive. These results seem to suggest that hemolysins TDH and/or TRH may not be necessarily the only virulence factors of pathogenic V. parahaemolyticus isolates.     

基于弧菌毒力基因多重PCR法的建立及其在副溶血弧菌毒力基因检测中的应用

针对副溶血弧菌常见的11种毒力基因(tox R、Collagenase、tox S、trh、tdh、tlh、Ure R、Fla A、omp W、Asp A、fur),建立了两套六重PCR检测体系,应用于副溶血弧菌环境分离株和水产品分离株的毒力基因分布情况调查。在调查的248株副溶血弧菌中,鞭毛丝蛋白基因Fla A、外膜蛋白基因omp W和铁吸收调节蛋白基因fur的分布最广(100%),其次为碱性丝氨酸蛋白酶基因Asp A(99.60%),胶原蛋白酶基因Collagenase、不耐热性溶血毒素基因tlh以及毒力调控基因tox R和tox S的分布率均在90%以上且tox R和tox S的分布极为相似,尿素酶基因Ure R的分布极少(1.21%),而耐热直接溶血素基因tdh和耐热相关溶血素基因trh在这248株副溶血弧菌中没有检出。本研究建立的多重PCR检测体系能快速、高效地检测多个毒力基因的分布情况,为副溶血弧菌的毒力机制研究和风险评估提供方法和依据。