大孔吸附树脂对茄皮红色素的分离纯化研究

运用静态吸附与解吸试验对5种大孔吸附树脂进行筛选,然后通过单因素试验、正交试验和方差分析确定大孔树脂吸附茄子皮红色素的最佳操作条件.结果表明,HPD-100树脂对茄子皮红色素的吸附和解吸性能较好,确定的最佳吸附条件为A2B2C2,即料液浓度(以吸光度计)为0.435Abs,上柱速率为3.0 BV/h,pH值为2.53.     

胭脂虫红色素的提取纯化工艺研究

以胭脂虫干体为原料,通过粉碎、浸提、树脂吸附、解吸浓缩、冷冻干燥等得到胭脂虫红色素粉末.以色素的吸光度值为指标,通过比较提取率的高低,对提取温度、提取时间、料液比、提取次数等因素进行了研究,确定胭脂虫红色素的最佳提取工艺条件为:提取温度85℃、浸提时间2h、料液比为1:60、提取次数为2次.通过静态吸附和解吸实验确定最佳的纯化树脂为S-8大孔吸附树脂.再通过静态和动态吸附、解吸实验对吸附率和解吸率进行研究,确定胭脂虫红色素的最佳纯化工艺条件为:上柱浓度为0.750×15、流速为2BV/h、pH为4;洗脱剂为pH2的60%的乙醇、洗脱流速为2BV/h.通过最佳提取工艺提取、最佳纯化工艺纯化、冷冻干燥得到色素粉末,其色价为102,胭脂虫红酸的含量达到了70.93%.     

大孔吸附树脂对类胡萝卜素的静态吸附研究

为寻找大孔吸附树脂对粘性红圆酵母产类胡萝卜素的最佳纯化条件,比较了6种大孔吸附树脂对类胡萝卜素的静态吸附能力,并对所选择树脂的吸附最佳条件和解吸条件进行了研究.结果表明,DS-401型大孔吸附树脂具有最佳的吸附和洗脱参数,其最佳工艺为在pH为6.0、温度为25℃、时间为1h的条件下吸附率最大,可达80.58％,此时选用100％石油醚做解吸剂,于30℃解吸1h,解吸率最大,可达95.32％.     

大孔树脂纯化山竹果壳废弃物色素的研究

以大孔树脂为吸附材料分离纯化山竹果壳中的天然色素,并对其纯化工艺条件进行探究.实验选择了FL-1,FL-2,FL-3,AB-8,NKA-9,D-101,X-5,DA-101,DA-201九种大孔树脂,比较了其对该色素的吸附率和解吸率,并对静态(吸附率×解吸率)柱形图比较进行考察,筛选出最好的树脂.结果表明,AB-8大孔树脂对该色素的吸附和解吸效果较好.在动态吸附中,当上样液吸光度为0.100～0.300,pH 4,上样液流速为3 BV/h时,AB-8树脂对山竹果壳色素吸附量大;以90％的乙醇为洗脱剂,流速为2 BV/h时,解吸效果最好;山竹果壳色素纯化后,色价提高了5倍左右.这项研究为山竹果壳色素的工业化生产提供了理论基础.     

大孔树脂纯化鼠曲草总黄酮的研究

以鼠曲草黄酮的吸附率、解吸率为指标,考察了六种大孔吸附树脂对鼠曲草中总黄酮的纯化性能,筛选出最佳的大孔吸附树脂,采用动态法分析了吸附流速、pH条件、解吸液乙醇浓度和解吸液流速对吸附解吸的影响,同时采用高效液相色谱法进行分析检测表征了纯化的效果。实验结果表明,大孔吸附树脂AB-8对鼠曲草总黄酮有很好的吸附和解吸性能,并确定了最佳的吸附和解吸条件为:样品液pH=4.0、吸附流速为2BV/h、解吸液乙醇浓度为50%、解吸流速为2BV/h。树脂饱和吸附量为14.7mg/g湿树脂,在此条件下鼠曲草黄酮纯度由原来的28.0%提升到59.4%。     

大孔吸附树脂纯化花椒叶总黄酮的研究

通过比较八种大孔吸附树脂的吸附和解吸性能,发现大孔吸附树脂D101对花椒叶黄酮的纯化效果最佳。采用动态法对样品液吸附的流速、pH条件、解吸液乙醇浓度和解吸液流速进行了研究。同时采用高效液相色谱法进行分析表征了分离纯化的效果。实验结果表明,大孔吸附树脂D101对花椒叶总黄酮的最佳吸附解吸条件为:样品液pH为4、吸附流速为2BV/h、解吸液60%乙醇,解吸流速2BV/h。经纯化后花椒叶黄酮纯度由23.2%提高到了56.4%。     

大孔吸附树脂对琯溪柚汁中柚皮苷的动态吸脱附性能研究

研究了大孔吸附树脂R5对柚汁中柚皮苷动态吸附和解吸性能。结果表明:树脂最佳吸附条件为:流速5BV/h(BV为树脂体积倍数)、温度25℃和柱高径比10∶1;树脂最佳解吸条件为:流速2BV/h、洗脱温度50℃和洗脱液为70%乙醇水溶液。     

蘘荷红色素分离纯化及喷雾干燥工艺优化

研究分离纯化及喷雾干燥化蘘荷红色素的工艺条件。比较10 种大孔吸附树脂对红色素的静态、动态吸附与解吸效果,红色素纯化液经真空浓缩后用喷雾干燥法制备红色素的粉末。结果表明：LSA-21大孔吸附树脂分离纯化蘘荷红色素效果好,其工艺条件为上柱液pH 5.0、上样液质量浓度3.85 mg/mL、吸附流速2 BV/h,以酸性蒸馏水为解吸剂,解吸流速3 BV/h;喷雾干燥工艺条件为加入待喷液质量分数2%的可溶性淀粉,调整可溶性固形物质量分数达到 12%～14%、进料速率3.0～4.0 kg/h、进口风温度 174～177 ℃、出口风温度 65～71 ℃、排风速率 0.34～0.38 m3/min、雾化压强100 kPa。红色素粉末经薄层层析色谱与高效液相色谱检测均由3 种单体构成。     

大孔吸附树脂纯化黑米色素的研究

本试验采用5种大孔吸附树脂对黑米色素进行静态吸附和解吸试验,以筛选出色素纯化的最佳树脂;运用单因素试验和正交试验研究了黑米色素在最佳树脂上的动态吸附和解吸工艺,经方差分析确定了吸附和解吸的最佳操作条件。结果表明：HPD-80树脂对黑米色素的吸附和解吸性能较好。在该树脂上的最佳吸附条件为料液浓度（以吸光度计）0.45Abs,上柱速度2mL/min,在常温下吸附。最佳解吸条件为流速1mL/min、乙醇浓度60%。经纯化的色素为紫黑色粉末,其色价是未纯化的6倍,比国家规定最低标准提高了15倍。     

马樱杜鹃花色素树脂纯化工艺的研究

对8种大孔吸附树脂进行筛选,然后通过试验确定了纯化马樱花色素的最佳操作条件.结果表明,HPD300树脂对马樱杜鹃花色素的吸附和解吸性能较好,确定的最佳吸附条件为:料液浓度以吸光度计为0.967 Abs,上柱速度为0.5 BV/h,料液pH为2;最佳洗脱条件为,洗脱剂醇水比例为3:1(体积比),洗脱剂倍量为8 BV.树脂循环使用5次后,吸附能力无明显的改变.     

Textural Properties of Cold-set Gels Induced from Heat-denatured Whey Protein Isolates

A 9% whey protein (WP) isolate solution at pH 7.0 was heat-denatured at 80°C for 30 min. Size-exclusion HPLC showed that native WP formed soluble aggregates after heat-treatment. Additions of CaCl2 (10–40 mM), NaCl (50–400 mM) or glucono-delta-lactone (GDL, 0.4–2.0%, w/v) or hydrolysis by a protease from Bacillus licheniformis caused gelation of the denatured solution at 45°C. Textural parameters, hardness, adhesiveness, and cohesiveness of the gels so formed changed markedly with concentration of added salts or pH by added GDL. Maximum gel hardness occurred at 200 mM NaCl or pH 4.7. Increasing CaCl2 concentration continuously increased gel hardness. Generally, GDL-induced gels were harder than salt-induced gels, and much harder than the protease-induced gel.     

Occurrence of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in fish canned in oil

The levels of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) were quantified as part of a European survey on the migration of residues of epoxy resins into oil from canned fish. The contents of BFDGE in cans, lids and fish collected from all 15 Member States of the European Union and Switzerland were analysed in 382 samples. Cans and lids were separately extracted with acetonitrile. The extraction from fish was carried out with hexane followed by re-extraction with acetonitrile. The analysis was performed by reverse phase HPL C with fluorescence detection. BFDGE could be detected in 12% of the fish, 24% of the cans and 18% of the lids. Only 3% of the fish contained BFDGE in concentrations considerably above 1mg/kg. In addition to the presented data, a comparison was made with the levels of BADGE (bisphenol-A-diglycidyl ether)analysed in the same products in the context of a previous study.     

Contribution of European research to risk analysis

The European Commission's, Quality of Life Research Programme, Key Action 1—Health, Food & Nutrition is mission-oriented and aims, amongst other things, at providing a healthy, safe and high-quality food supply leading to reinforced consumer confidence in the safety of European food. Its objectives also include the enhancing of the competitiveness of the European food supply. Key Action 1 is currently supporting a number of different types of European collaborative projects in the area of risk analysis. The objectives of these projects range from the development and validation of prevention strategies including the reduction of consumers risks; development and validation of new modelling approaches; harmonization of risk assessment principles, methodologies, and terminology; standardization of methods and systems used for the safety evaluation of transgenic food; providing of tools for the evaluation of human viral contamination of shellfish and quality control; new methodologies for assessing the potential of unintended effects of genetically modified (genetically modified) foods; development of a risk assessment model for Cryptosporidium parvum related to the food and water industries; to the development of a communication platform for genetically modified organism, producers, retailers, regulatory authorities and consumer groups to improve safety assessment procedures, risk management strategies and risk communication; development and validation of new methods for safety testing of transgenic food; evaluation of the safety and efficacy of iron supplementation in pregnant women; evaluation of the potential cancer-preventing activity of pro- and pre-biotic ('synbiotic') combinations in human volunteers. An overview of these projects is presented here.     

低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性

为研究低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性,以经低温脱脂的带皮菜籽粕为原料,经微粉碎后筛分成212~425μm、150~212μm和106~150μm的3个不同粒级的微粉样品,检测这些样品的吸水性、吸油性、乳化性和乳化稳定性、蛋白质体外消化率。结果表明:1 3个不同粒级的微粉样品之间的粗纤维含量存在显著差异,表明三者的结构组成成分有一定差异。23个微粉样品的乳化活性和乳化稳定性随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。33个微粉样品的蛋白质体外消化率随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。4不同粒级带皮菜籽粕微粉样品的吸水性与吸油性受其结构组成物质不同和粒度的双重影响,与粒度的相关性不明显。     

Microbiology of food taints

Fresh and processed foods are often spoilt by the presence of undesirable flavours and odours caused by microbial action. The aim of this paper is to review the current knowledge of microbiologically induced taints that occur in a wide range of foodstuffs, including meats, poultry, fish, crustaceans, milk, dairy products, fruits, vegetables, cereals and cereal products. Examples have been chosen where the compounds responsible for the taint have been identified and sufficient data obtained to demonstrate the involvement of microorganisms. However, in some cases the full identity of the causative organism may not have been elucidated. The types of microorganisms covered by this review include bacteria, fungi, yeasts, actinomycetes and cyanobacteria. Although cyanobacteria do not in general infect foods, their presence in aqueous systems and water supplies can lead to off-flavours in aquatic organisms and processed foodstuffs. Several examples of each of these processes are discussed. Wherever possible, the likely biosynthetic pathway used by the microorganism to produce the offending compound in a foodstuff is indicated.     

Analysis for organic residues from aids to polymerization used to make plastics intended for food contact

Polymers intended for food contact use have been analysed for organic residues which could be attributed to a range of substances employed as polymerization aids (e.g. initiators and catalysts). A wide range of polymers was extracted with solvents and the extracts analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The overwhelming majority of substances identified were not derived from aids to polymerization but were oligomers, additives and adventitious contaminants. However, a small number of substances were identified as initiator residues. These included tetramethylsuccinonitrile (TMSN) which was observed in two polymers and it derived from recombination of two azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) initiator radicals. Methyl benzoate, benzoic acid, biphenyl and phenyl benzoate were detected in one poly(methyl methacrylate) sample and in two polyvinylchlorides and they are thought to be derived from benzoyl peroxide initiator. TMSN was subsequently targeted for analysis of poly-(methyl methacrylate) plastics using proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry (¹     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part II: Medium molecular weight permeants

Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of different medium molecular weight model permeants: bisphenol A, warfarin and anthracene, from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 microns-thick orientated polypropylene--OPP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. The characterization of permeation kinetics generally observed the permeation models previously reported to explain the experimental permeation results obtained for a low molecular weight group of model permeants. In general, the model permeants exhibited behaviour consistent with their relative molecular weights with respect to (a) the time taken to attain steady-state permeation into the food simulant in which they were more soluble, (b) their subsequent steady-state permeation rates, and (c) their partition between liquid paraffin and the OPP membrane.     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. I: Interlaboratory studies of methods of analysis

This paper describes the first part of a project undertaken to develop mussel reference materials for Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning (PSP) toxins. Two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin (STX) and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin (dc-STX) in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the second part of the project: the certification exercise. In the first study, 18 laboratories were asked to measure STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and to identify as many other PSP toxins as possible with a method of their choice. In the second interlaboratory study, 15 laboratories were additionally asked to determine quantitatively STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The first study revealed that three out of four postcolumn derivatization methods and one pre-column derivatization method sufficed in principle to determine STX and dc-STX. Most participants (13 of 18) obtained acceptable calibration curves and recoveries. Saxitoxin was hardly detected in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels and results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 58% at a mass fraction of 1.86 mg/kg. Most participants (14 out of 18) identified gonyautoxin-5 (GTX-5) in a hydrolysed extract provided. The first study led to provisional criteria for linearity, recovery and separation. The second study revealed that 6 out of 15 laboratories were able to meet these criteria. Results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 3.49mg/kg. Results obtained for STX in the saxitoxin-enriched material yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 0.34mg/kg. Saxitoxin could not be detected in the PSP-positive material. Hydrolysis was useful to confirm the identity of GTX5 and provided indicative information about C1 and C2 toxins in the PSP-positive material. The methods used in the second interlaboratory study showed sufficiently consistent analysis results to undertake a certification exercise to assign certified values for STX and dc-STX in lyophilized mussel.     

The Ministry of Environmental Protection Issued "Feasible Technology Guidelines for Pollution Prevention and Control in Wood Pulping Process of the Paper Industry (Trial)" and Two Other Guiding Technical Documents

On December 27t＂, 2013, the Ministry of Environmenta Protection announced that, in order to implement ＂The Environmental Protection Law of the People＇ s Republic of China＂, improve the working system in environmenta protection technologies, and promote technologica advancement in pollution prevention, the Ministry of Environmental Protection sponsored the formulation of three guiding technical documents including ＂Feasible Technology Guidelines for Pollution Prevention and Contro n Wood Pulping Process of the Paper Industry （Trial）＂     

1~(st) Intelli-Tissue~ EcoEc Tissue Machine Supplied by PMP Group Successfully Put into Operation in China

正On April 29th,2014,Intelli-Tissue EcoEc tissue machine supplied by PMP Group successfully put into operation at Hebei Xuesong Paper Co.,Ltd.,this is the first such kind of paper machine of PMP Group in China.