生姜乙醇提取物在猪油中的抗氧化作用研究

生姜作为一种常用的香辛料,具有一定的抗氧化作用。本结合正交试验采用直接水浴浸提,初步研究了不同因素、不同水平下生姜抗氧化物的最佳提取条件,即固液质量比1：10,乙醇浓度（50％、60％、70％、80％、90％、95％）,浸提温度（40℃,50℃,60℃）,浸提时间（4h,6h,8h)。并且将最佳条件下的提取物以不同的浓度加入到猪油底物中,同时与抗坏血酸、酒石酸、柠檬酸作协同作用研究,在60℃烘箱中加速氧化保存后,用Na2S2O3-I2滴定法测定生姜乙醇提取物对猪油的抗氧化作用。结果表明：生姜直接水浴浸提的最佳提取条件是,在固液质量比1：10的条件下。乙醇浓度为60％,浸提温度为50℃,处理时间为4h;所有添加的生姜乙醇提取物对猪油都具有良好的抗氧化性能,并且添加猪油质量的0．15％时抗氧化效果最佳;与酒石酸、抗坏血酸、柠檬酸的协同作用不明显。     

苦荞麦黄酮提取最佳条件的研究

在不同乙醇浓度（３０％，６０％，９５％），不同固液比（１：８，１：１０，１：２）不同温度（５０℃，７０℃，９０℃）和不同提取时间（１ｈ，２ｈ，３ｈ）等条件下，通过正交试验，对苦荞麦黄酮最佳条件进行了研究，结果表明：最佳提取工艺条件是６０％乙醇，固液比为１：１０，在５０℃下振荡提取１ｈ。     

板栗花粉总黄酮提取工艺的研究

用乙醇提取板栗花粉中的总黄酮,对提取条件进行优化,最佳提取条件为：提取温度60℃、提取时间1.5h、乙醇浓度80%、液固比10：1,水浴加热提取,在此条件下,用＂NaNO2-Al（NO3）3-NaOH＂显色法测定板栗花粉中的总黄酮含量为1.68%,采用高效液相色谱法（HLPC）定性分析黄酮物质。     

桂花黄酮类化合物最佳提取工艺研究

通过乙醇浸提及正交试验探讨了从三个桂花品种中提取黄酮的最佳工艺条件。苏州农院银桂：乙醇浓度80％，提取时间3h，固液比1：40，提取温度90℃，总黄酮含量19．16％。苏州光福金桂：乙醇浓度80％，提取时间3h，固液比1：40，提取温度70℃，总黄酮含量17．14％。苏州光福银桂：乙醇浓度60％，提取时间2h，固液比1：60，提取温度70℃，总黄酮含量17．86％。     

大花罗布麻叶黄酮的提取

通过L9（3^4）正交试验设计，探讨了提取条件对大花罗布麻叶黄酮类物质提取量的影响，实验表明：以50％乙醇、固液比1：30、40℃、1h为最佳条件。     

孔雀草中黄酮类色素最佳提取工艺条件及光、热稳定性的研究

论述在不同浓度的乙醇溶剂、提取时间、温度、固液比和浸提次数等条件下，通过单因素试验确定正交试验的参数，对孔雀草花瓣中黄酮类色素最佳提取工艺条件及其在光、热条件下的稳定性进行研究。结果表明：孔雀草花瓣中含有二氢黄酮类色素，其最佳的提取条件为，用60％乙醇作为浸提剂，在50℃下浸提4h，在日光照射、60℃以上的高温条件下不稳定。     

榕树叶中黄酮类化合物的提取条件研究

本文介绍用水、石油醚、乙醇分别从榕树叶中提取黄酮类化合物的工艺，着重研究醇提法的最佳工艺条件。结果表明：乙醇浓度60％，固液化1：30，在70℃下浸提2h，效果最佳。     

加压柱层析法纯化苦瓜总皂甙的工艺研究

采用乙醇提取苦瓜总皂甙,并利用加压柱层析法对其进行纯化,以提取温度、浸提时间、乙醇浓度、固液比为考察因素,通过单因素试验及正交试验确定了最佳提取条件：乙醇浓度80％（V／V）、温度80℃、浸提时间2h、固液比1：20;影响提取因素的主次顺序为：乙醇浓度〉固液比〉提取时间〉温度;利用AB-8大孔吸附树脂加压层析柱法吸附纯化苦瓜总皂甙,吸附工艺条件为：吸附时间20h、流速2ml／min;洗脱条件为：洗脱时间60min、洗脱液乙醇浓度80％、洗脱液流速2ml／min。所得苦瓜总皂甙纯度为48％。     

超声提取白胡椒油树脂的工艺研究

以白胡椒粉为原料,研究了超声波辅助乙醇提取白胡椒油树脂的工艺条件,考查了提取溶剂乙醇浓度、固液比、提取温度和提取时间对白胡椒油树脂得率的影响。实验结果表明：用体积分数90％乙醇为提取介质,在固液比为1：8（g：mL）、55℃温度下超声提取60min,白胡椒油树脂得率可达10．28％。     

苦瓜资源开发与苦瓜籽黄酮提取技术

综述了国内外在苦瓜产品开发方面的情况。重点研究了苦瓜籽中黄酮的提取工艺，结果表明：乙醇提取法最佳工艺组合为A3B3C2D1，即乙醇浓度90％，提取时间4h，固液比1：50，提取温度60℃。     

Textural Properties of Cold-set Gels Induced from Heat-denatured Whey Protein Isolates

A 9% whey protein (WP) isolate solution at pH 7.0 was heat-denatured at 80°C for 30 min. Size-exclusion HPLC showed that native WP formed soluble aggregates after heat-treatment. Additions of CaCl2 (10–40 mM), NaCl (50–400 mM) or glucono-delta-lactone (GDL, 0.4–2.0%, w/v) or hydrolysis by a protease from Bacillus licheniformis caused gelation of the denatured solution at 45°C. Textural parameters, hardness, adhesiveness, and cohesiveness of the gels so formed changed markedly with concentration of added salts or pH by added GDL. Maximum gel hardness occurred at 200 mM NaCl or pH 4.7. Increasing CaCl2 concentration continuously increased gel hardness. Generally, GDL-induced gels were harder than salt-induced gels, and much harder than the protease-induced gel.     

Occurrence of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in fish canned in oil

The levels of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) were quantified as part of a European survey on the migration of residues of epoxy resins into oil from canned fish. The contents of BFDGE in cans, lids and fish collected from all 15 Member States of the European Union and Switzerland were analysed in 382 samples. Cans and lids were separately extracted with acetonitrile. The extraction from fish was carried out with hexane followed by re-extraction with acetonitrile. The analysis was performed by reverse phase HPL C with fluorescence detection. BFDGE could be detected in 12% of the fish, 24% of the cans and 18% of the lids. Only 3% of the fish contained BFDGE in concentrations considerably above 1mg/kg. In addition to the presented data, a comparison was made with the levels of BADGE (bisphenol-A-diglycidyl ether)analysed in the same products in the context of a previous study.     

Contribution of European research to risk analysis

The European Commission's, Quality of Life Research Programme, Key Action 1—Health, Food & Nutrition is mission-oriented and aims, amongst other things, at providing a healthy, safe and high-quality food supply leading to reinforced consumer confidence in the safety of European food. Its objectives also include the enhancing of the competitiveness of the European food supply. Key Action 1 is currently supporting a number of different types of European collaborative projects in the area of risk analysis. The objectives of these projects range from the development and validation of prevention strategies including the reduction of consumers risks; development and validation of new modelling approaches; harmonization of risk assessment principles, methodologies, and terminology; standardization of methods and systems used for the safety evaluation of transgenic food; providing of tools for the evaluation of human viral contamination of shellfish and quality control; new methodologies for assessing the potential of unintended effects of genetically modified (genetically modified) foods; development of a risk assessment model for Cryptosporidium parvum related to the food and water industries; to the development of a communication platform for genetically modified organism, producers, retailers, regulatory authorities and consumer groups to improve safety assessment procedures, risk management strategies and risk communication; development and validation of new methods for safety testing of transgenic food; evaluation of the safety and efficacy of iron supplementation in pregnant women; evaluation of the potential cancer-preventing activity of pro- and pre-biotic ('synbiotic') combinations in human volunteers. An overview of these projects is presented here.     

低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性

为研究低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性,以经低温脱脂的带皮菜籽粕为原料,经微粉碎后筛分成212~425μm、150~212μm和106~150μm的3个不同粒级的微粉样品,检测这些样品的吸水性、吸油性、乳化性和乳化稳定性、蛋白质体外消化率。结果表明:1 3个不同粒级的微粉样品之间的粗纤维含量存在显著差异,表明三者的结构组成成分有一定差异。23个微粉样品的乳化活性和乳化稳定性随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。33个微粉样品的蛋白质体外消化率随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。4不同粒级带皮菜籽粕微粉样品的吸水性与吸油性受其结构组成物质不同和粒度的双重影响,与粒度的相关性不明显。     

Microbiology of food taints

Fresh and processed foods are often spoilt by the presence of undesirable flavours and odours caused by microbial action. The aim of this paper is to review the current knowledge of microbiologically induced taints that occur in a wide range of foodstuffs, including meats, poultry, fish, crustaceans, milk, dairy products, fruits, vegetables, cereals and cereal products. Examples have been chosen where the compounds responsible for the taint have been identified and sufficient data obtained to demonstrate the involvement of microorganisms. However, in some cases the full identity of the causative organism may not have been elucidated. The types of microorganisms covered by this review include bacteria, fungi, yeasts, actinomycetes and cyanobacteria. Although cyanobacteria do not in general infect foods, their presence in aqueous systems and water supplies can lead to off-flavours in aquatic organisms and processed foodstuffs. Several examples of each of these processes are discussed. Wherever possible, the likely biosynthetic pathway used by the microorganism to produce the offending compound in a foodstuff is indicated.     

Analysis for organic residues from aids to polymerization used to make plastics intended for food contact

Polymers intended for food contact use have been analysed for organic residues which could be attributed to a range of substances employed as polymerization aids (e.g. initiators and catalysts). A wide range of polymers was extracted with solvents and the extracts analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The overwhelming majority of substances identified were not derived from aids to polymerization but were oligomers, additives and adventitious contaminants. However, a small number of substances were identified as initiator residues. These included tetramethylsuccinonitrile (TMSN) which was observed in two polymers and it derived from recombination of two azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) initiator radicals. Methyl benzoate, benzoic acid, biphenyl and phenyl benzoate were detected in one poly(methyl methacrylate) sample and in two polyvinylchlorides and they are thought to be derived from benzoyl peroxide initiator. TMSN was subsequently targeted for analysis of poly-(methyl methacrylate) plastics using proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry (¹     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part II: Medium molecular weight permeants

Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of different medium molecular weight model permeants: bisphenol A, warfarin and anthracene, from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 microns-thick orientated polypropylene--OPP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. The characterization of permeation kinetics generally observed the permeation models previously reported to explain the experimental permeation results obtained for a low molecular weight group of model permeants. In general, the model permeants exhibited behaviour consistent with their relative molecular weights with respect to (a) the time taken to attain steady-state permeation into the food simulant in which they were more soluble, (b) their subsequent steady-state permeation rates, and (c) their partition between liquid paraffin and the OPP membrane.     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. I: Interlaboratory studies of methods of analysis

This paper describes the first part of a project undertaken to develop mussel reference materials for Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning (PSP) toxins. Two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin (STX) and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin (dc-STX) in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the second part of the project: the certification exercise. In the first study, 18 laboratories were asked to measure STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and to identify as many other PSP toxins as possible with a method of their choice. In the second interlaboratory study, 15 laboratories were additionally asked to determine quantitatively STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The first study revealed that three out of four postcolumn derivatization methods and one pre-column derivatization method sufficed in principle to determine STX and dc-STX. Most participants (13 of 18) obtained acceptable calibration curves and recoveries. Saxitoxin was hardly detected in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels and results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 58% at a mass fraction of 1.86 mg/kg. Most participants (14 out of 18) identified gonyautoxin-5 (GTX-5) in a hydrolysed extract provided. The first study led to provisional criteria for linearity, recovery and separation. The second study revealed that 6 out of 15 laboratories were able to meet these criteria. Results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 3.49mg/kg. Results obtained for STX in the saxitoxin-enriched material yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 0.34mg/kg. Saxitoxin could not be detected in the PSP-positive material. Hydrolysis was useful to confirm the identity of GTX5 and provided indicative information about C1 and C2 toxins in the PSP-positive material. The methods used in the second interlaboratory study showed sufficiently consistent analysis results to undertake a certification exercise to assign certified values for STX and dc-STX in lyophilized mussel.     

Focus on China's Paper Industry

In the English section of this issue, 〈China Paper Newsletters〉 will introduce ＂National Development and Reform Commission Issued Announcement for Selection of Major Preliminary Research Projects for the ＇13th Five-Year Plan＇＂, ＂2013 Annual Report of China＇s Paper Industry＂, and news of projects and other policies.     

Listen to downstream & search for innovation

正Nowadays,textile enterprises are all taking efforts in transformation and upgrading,like improving producing capacity and optimizing production structure to face market downturn.It claimed a higher request to the standard of textile equipments.In the upcoming of ITMA ASIA+CITME 2014exhibition,this magazine have interviewed several branch associations and a series of relative enterprises,to summarize industrial developing status