HS-SPME/GC-MS法分析三种金橘中的挥发油成分

利用顶空-固相微萃取法提取金橘挥发油,气相色谱-质谱联机定性定量分析成分,检测3个品种金橘的易挥发油组分.结果表明:金橘挥发油中共鉴定出28种化学成分,分别含有烯、醇、酯等化合物,以萜烯类化合物为主,D-柠檬烯占主导地位,其含量分别为50.40%、55.43%和51.47%;三个品种的金橘均含有α-蒎烯、D-柠檬烯、顺-α-杜松烯、δ-杜松烯、异石竹烯、β-榄香烯、乙酸橙花酯等十个共同组分;各品种所含特殊成分为:浏阳金弹含有4-蒈烯;桂林罗浮金柑含有右旋大根香叶烯、柏木烯、芳樟醇,阳朔圆金柑含有柠檬烯、罗勒烯、2,6,10,14-四甲基十七烷、古巴烯、2,6-二叔丁基-4-仲丁基苯酚、棕榈酸异丙酯.     

气相色谱/飞行时间质谱法分析格蓬油中的挥发性成分

利用气相色谱/飞行时间质谱,对格蓬油的挥发性成分进行分析,并用峰面积归一化法计算各成分相对含量.通过在两种不同极性色谱柱上的比较实验,确定了适合格蓬油分析的色谱柱条件.通过质谱库检索,辅助英文版精油库(ESO2006版)比对,解析并确定出精油中的68种组分.极性柱上检出50个组分,主要成分是:β-月桂烯(23.63％)、β-水芹烯(8.47％)、(3E,5E)-格蓬烯(7.42％)、布黎醇(7.41％)、香芹酚甲醚(6.71％)、愈创木酚(6.51％).弱极性柱上检出39个组分,主要成分是:α-杜松醇(21.83％)、愈创木酚(16.18％)、乙酸松油酯(9.12％)、布黎醇(8.72％)、对伞花烃(5.56％)、乙酸龙脑酯(3.86％).其中,两种不同极性柱上检测并确认出27种共有组分.     

AEDA结合OAVs分析两种薰衣草精油中特征性香气成分

采用气相色谱-质谱联用技术(GC-MS)对两种薰衣草精油(兰花、白花)中的挥发性成分进行分析鉴定,鉴定出78种挥发性成分。通过香气提取物稀释分析法(AEDA)结合气相色谱-嗅闻技术(GC-O)对两种精油进行分析,鉴定出31种香气化合物,其中关键香气的物质有8种(FD≥64),分别是β-罗勒烯、芳樟醇、乙酸芳樟酯、香叶醇、橙花醇、薰衣草醇、乙酸香叶酯和β-月桂烯。在此基础上通过香气活性值(OAV)鉴定出22种特征化合物(OAV1),其中关键香气物质13种(OAV10)。两者共同鉴定出6种关键风味化合物,分别是芳樟醇、β-罗勒烯、香叶醇、乙酸芳樟酯、β-月桂烯和乙酸香叶酯。     

铜陵白姜精油分析研究

利用水蒸气蒸馏法和同时蒸馏-萃取法(SDE)萃取铜陵白姜姜精油,并通过GC/MS方法进行定性、定量分析。结果显示,SDE法能够有效地提取到姜精油,经GC/MS分析鉴定出87种组分。以色谱峰面积归一化法测定各成分的相对百分含量,含量最高的是姜烯(21.91%),其次是乙酸香叶酯(12.45%)、β-倍半水芹烯(11.76%)、金合欢烯(11.73%)。乙酸香叶酯在铜陵白姜中含量较高。     

超临界CO_2萃取莲雾叶精油的化学组成分析

为了分析莲雾叶精油的化学组成和开发利用莲雾叶提供科学参考,本文采用超临界CO2萃取技术提取莲雾叶中的精油,运用气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)联用技术对其化学成分进行分离和鉴定,并用峰面积归一化法确定各组分的相对含量。结果表明:从莲雾叶精油中分离出79个色谱峰,鉴定出36个化合物,占总离子峰相对含量的86.72%。其主要由烯、醇、酚、酸、酯、烯烃氧化物及杂环化合物组成,主要化学成分有β-石竹烯(14.32%),δ-杜松烯(11.78%),Tau-杜松醇(8.85%),γ-杜松烯(5.87%),α-杜松醇(5.27%),石竹烯氧化物(5.12%),表姜烯(2.88%),库贝醇(1.69%),α-芹子烯(1.49%)等。     

顶空固相微萃取-气相色谱/质谱法分析野藿香不同部位挥发油化学成分

采用顶空固相微萃取法(headspace solid-phase micro-extraction,HS-SPME)提取野藿香中不同部位的挥发油,通过气相色谱-质谱法与Kovats色谱保留指数相结合进行定性定量分析,以峰面积归一化法计算各组分的相对含量。结果表明:在野藿香的茎、叶和花3个部位中分别鉴定出74、105种和85种化合物,分别占挥发油总峰面积的97.34%、98.80%和97.96%,其中在茎中主要成分是乙酸橙花酯(5.63%)、β-石竹烯(17.32%)、α-佛手柑油烯(7.56%)、反式-β-金合欢烯(10.2%)和氧化石竹烯(5.21%);在叶中主要是Z-柠檬醛(11.64%)、香叶醛(16.35%)、乙酸橙花酯(8.44%)、β-石竹烯(13.08%)、反式-β-金合欢烯(10.88%)和氧化石竹烯(8.34%);而在花中主要是Z-柠檬醛(21.49%)、香叶醛(27.5%)、乙酸橙花酯(9.99%)、β-石竹烯(5.47%)和反式-β-金合欢烯(10.11%),且相对含量有显著差异。     

超临界CO_2萃取柚子叶、花精油的GC-MS分析

采用超临界CO2萃取技术提取柚子叶、花中的精油,运用气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)联用技术对其化学成分进行分离和鉴定,并用峰面积归一化法确定各组分的相对含量。结果表明:从柚子叶精油中分离出61个色谱峰,鉴定出39个化合物,占总离子峰相对含量的90.05%。其主要化学成分有匙叶桉油烯醇(21.36%),石竹烯氧化物(17.16%),β-石竹烯(8.40%),α-石竹烯(2.07%),异芳萜烯氧化物(2.01%)等。从柚子花精油中分离出42个色谱峰,鉴定出27个化合物,占总离子峰相对含量的89.31%。其主要化学成分有金合欢醇(19.02%)、橙花叔醇(18.24%),龙脑(6.60%),芳樟醇(4.03%),橙花醇(2.57%)等。柚子叶与柚子花精油共同鉴定出的化合物有橙花醇、香叶醇、香叶酸、β-石竹烯等12种,其相对含量存在不同程度差异。     

固相微萃取气质联用分析红王将苹果香气成分

用固相微萃取装置(SPME)提取红王将苹果挥发性成分,用GC/MS法从中分离并确认出17种化学成分,用峰面积归一法通过G1701BA化学工作站数据处理系统得出各化学成分在挥发性成分中的百分含量.结果表明,从红王将苹果中共检测鉴定出17种化学成分,其中主要成分为:2-甲基-丁酸己酯(20.16%)、丁酸己酯(14.91%)、α-法呢烯(14.57%)、乙酸己酯(14.48%)、2-甲基-1-丁醇乙酸酯(4.8%)、己酸己酯(4.34%)、2-甲基-丁酸丁酯(3.31%)、乙酸丁酯(2.44%)、丁酸丁酯(2.42%),共占总检出量的85.9%.     

保留指数辅助GC-MS对宁夏芜菁挥发性成分分析

分析宁夏产芜菁块根及茎叶中挥发油的化学成分,指导公众科学合理的利用天然药食两用的食品。采用挥发油提取器,提取芜菁块根及茎叶中的挥发油,利用保留指数结合GC-MS谱库检索的方法,鉴定芜菁块根及茎叶中挥发油的化学成分。芜菁块根中挥发油分离出48个组分,MS结合保留指数鉴定了其中45个组分,其中含量较多的为十八碳烷(5.33%)、n-棕榈酸(5.29%)、2,3-丁烷二醇二醋酸(5.21%)、乙酸丁酯(4.39%);茎叶中分离出35个组分,鉴定了31个组分,含量较多的为α-水芹烯(7.63%),2,2-甲基丙酰胺(6.80%),3-乙酰基-2-丁酮(6.58%),乙酸丁酯(6.04%)。芜菁挥发性成分中含有较多的功效成分,为进一步开发宁夏芜菁提供理论依据。保留指数结合GC-MS法对芜菁挥发性成份分析,可明显提高其鉴定的准确性。     

胡萝卜籽提取物挥发性成分分析

为阐明胡萝卜籽中的挥发性成分组成,实验利用超临界CO2流体对胡萝卜籽中的挥发性成分进行萃取,经GC-MS联用仪对胡萝卜籽的挥发性组分进行分离和鉴定,确认了其中的60种成分,占总质量分数的99.24%,并用面积归一化法测定了各种成分的质量分数,其主要成分为:胡萝卜醇(37.05%)、蒎烯(11.78%)、β-金合欢烯(5.98%)、石竹烯(5.38%)、氧化石竹烯(4.57%)、β-没药烯(3.46%)、乙酸香叶酯(2.94%)、香叶醇(1.02%)等。     

臭氧保鲜处理对金橘采后生理的影响

以金橘(品种:金弹与罗浮)果实为试材,研究了室温条件下臭氧处理对果实硬度、失重率、呼吸强度、相对电导率、丙二醛(MDA)含量和过氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性的影响。试验结果表明:臭氧可以明显抑制果实的呼吸强度,延缓果实硬度的下降,增强SOD活性,减少MDA的积累,降低果实组织相对电导率和失重率,从而有效地延缓果实的成熟衰老。     

东魁杨梅树叶和果实精油成分的比较与分析

目的：比较分析杨梅树叶与果实、新鲜果与贮藏果的精油成分,为杨梅叶的开发和杨梅果实的保鲜及加工提供理论依据。方法：采用水蒸汽蒸馏法提取东魁杨梅树叶、新鲜果、贮藏果精油,通过气相色谱- 质谱技术对精油成分进行测定分析。结果：在贮藏过程中,杨梅果所含的一些挥发性成分的种类及其含量发生了明显变
化;杨梅叶含有多种独特香味成分(如石竹烯、橙花叔醇)和抗菌成分。结论：贮藏过程中杨梅果精油中的萜烯、醛、酮、酯类等成分的种类及其含量明显减少,尤其是主要成分石竹烯的含量急剧降低,致使杨梅果的香气发生改变,容易腐烂;杨梅叶精油对杨梅果有一定的保鲜作用。     

Effect of heat treatments on the essential oils of kumquat (Fortunella margarita Swingle)

Kumquats (Fortunella margarita Swingle) cultivated in Taiwan are eaten raw or made into candied fruit or fruit tea. For the experiments described in this paper, essential oils were obtained from kumquat peels or whole fruit by cold pressing, steam distillation or heating in water at 90 °C for 15 min followed by steam distillation. The volatile components contained in the essential oils were identified by direct injection (DI) or headspace-solid phase microextraction (HS-SPME) coupled with gas chromatography (GC). A total of 43 compounds were identified, of which 37 were verified by DI/GC and 31 by HS-SPME/GC. Hot water heating increased the yields of essential oils from both peels and whole fruit. The principal constituents of the oils were similar except for the minor compounds, including linalool, terpinen-4-ol and α-terpineol, the levels of which increased after steam distillation. The whole fruit also contained higher levels of terpene alcohols.     

微波无溶剂萃取法提取野菊花精油工艺及成分分析

采用微波无溶剂萃取法（Solvent-free microwave extraction, SFME）分别提取野菊花鲜花精油和干花精油,对提取工艺进行了优化;并通过气相色谱-质谱联用技术（chromatograpy-mass spectrometry, GC-MS）分析两种精油化学成分,用峰面积归一法计算各组分相对含量。结果表明:野菊花鲜花精油的最佳提取条件为提取时间50 min,微波功率540 W,精油得率为鲜花重的0.1129%;干花精油的最佳提取条件为料液比1:5 g/mL,浸泡时间3 h,提取时间60 min,微波功率540 W,精油得率为干花重的0.1926%;经GC-MS分析,SFME提取野菊花鲜花精油的主要化学成分是单萜及单萜类含氧化合物,相对含量较多的化合物是乙酸桧酯（13.20%）、甲位侧柏酮（11.10%）、桧醇（9.70%）、菊醇（5.06%）、甲位水芹烯（3.87%）、荜澄茄油烯（3.78%）、桉叶油素（3.61%）、崖柏醇（3.37%）、2-侧柏烯（3.36%）。干花精油的主要化学成分是单萜含氧化合物及倍半萜,相对含量较多的化合物是菊醇（8.59%）、反式石竹烯（7.63%）、大根香叶烯（7.06%）、Α-合金欢烯（5.86%）、甲位侧柏酮（4.85%）、乙酸桧酯（4.34%）、乙酸菊醇酯（3.45%）、右旋樟脑（3.35%）。野菊花鲜花精油的含量比干花更高,单萜含氧化合物相对含量高于干花精油,更具有应用价值。     

Volatile aroma components and antioxidant activities of the flavedo peel extract of unripe Shiikuwasha (Citrus depressa Hayata)

The flavedo peel extracts of unripe Shiikuwasha (Citrus depressa Hayata) fruits were extracted using steam distillation (SD) or a cold-press (CP) system. Volatile aroma content and composition were determined using gas chromatography (GC) and each compound was identified using gas chromatography-mass spectrophotometry (GC-MS). The major constituents of the extracts were monoterpene hydrocarbons (91.75-93.75%[709.32-809.05 mg/100 g of fresh flavedo peel]) including limonene (43.08-45.13%[341.46-379.81 mg/100 g of fresh flavedo peel]), γ-terpinene (27.88-29.06%[219.90-245.86 mg/100 g of fresh flavedo peel]), and p-cymene (8.13-11.02%[61.47-97.22 mg/100 g of fresh flavedo peel]). The extraction process used was determined to be a decisive factor that affects the composition of key citrus aroma components, as well as the antioxidant activities of the Shiikuwasha fruit. Antioxidant capabilities of the extracts were examined by assay of 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical-scavenging activity and β-carotene bleaching inhibition. The cold-press extraction system may better retain the total phenolic content of the flavedo peel and display superior antioxidant activities, compared to the steam distillation extraction method. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: Shiikuwasha (Citrus depressa Hayata) is a type of small citrus fruit, and has been used as raw material for beverage and food additive productions in Japan. It had a unique aroma composition in which the limonene content of its peels is lower than that of other commonly known citrus peels. The present study detailed the volatile aroma composition, as well as antioxidant capabilities of Shiikuwasha peel extracts of different extraction methods, that are cold-press and steam distillation methods. The results of this study may provide a basis for selection of Shiikuwasha peel extracts in food industry for citrus flavor production.     

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE TEXTURE AND PECTIN CONSTITUENTS OF JAPANESE PEAR

The relationship between texture and pectin constituents and some related compounds of the Japanese pear (Pyrus serotina Render var. culta 'Housui') during fruit enlargement and ripening was studied. The modulus of elasticity, deformation ratio, and relaxation value from the flat plate compression test, and all the properties from the puncture test were affected by the pectin constituents, alcohol insoluble solids, and soluble solids. The hardness and deformation of the fruit obtained from the plate compression test might depend on the combination of the alcohol insoluble solids in fresh weight and weight of the fruit. The oxalate soluble pectin both in alcohol insoluble solids and in fresh weight affected the fruit texture more than the water soluble pectin. The solubitization of nonsoluble pectin to water soluble pectin appeared to influence the textural properties more than that of the nonsoluble pectin to oxalate soluble pectin. The puncture test was superior in analyzing the textural properties of the Japanese pear fruits with regard to changes in the pectin constituents.     

超临界CO_2萃取与浸渍法制备白刺果油及其化学成分的分析与比较

为了促进白刺属植物在医药、食品、化工等领域中的应用,文中采用超临界CO2流体萃取法和溶剂浸渍法提取西伯利亚白刺果油,并用气相色谱-质谱联用技术(GC-MS)对其化学成分进行了分析,从超临界CO2萃取、浸渍法提取出的白刺果油中分别鉴定出26种成分。主要化学成分是亚油酸、油酸、γ-生育酚、VE(α-生育酚)、菜油甾醇、γ-谷甾醇、二十八碳烷、二十七碳烷等。     

响应面法优化金橘中金橘苷的提取工艺

以金橘为原料,研究金橘苷的提取工艺条件。在单因素试验基础上,采用响应面法优化金橘苷的提取工艺,采用超高效液相色谱(UPLC)法测定金橘苷的含量。结果表明:金橘苷提取工艺条件为甲醇浓度90%、料液比1∶50 (g/mL)、提取时间30 min、提取温度25℃,在此条件下金橘中金橘苷提取率达到1.451 1 mg/g。     

基于电子鼻和HS-SPME-GC-MS技术分析9种新疆石榴果实挥发性成分

本研究采用电子鼻（Electronic Nose）与顶空固相微萃取-气相色谱-质谱联用（headspace solid-phase microextraction gas chromatography-mass spectrometer,HS-SPME-GC-MS）技术相结合对新疆南部地区9个不同石榴品种的果实挥发性成分进行比较分析,并对固相微萃取的条件进行了优化。结果表明：顶空固相微萃取的较优条件为：加盐量0.3 g/mL,萃取时间45 min,萃取温度45℃。电子鼻结果表明不同品种石榴果实之间的整体挥发性成分之间存在差异性。HS-SPME-GC-MS从9个石榴果实样品中共检测出73种化合物,其中萜烯类物质23种,醇类物质16种,酯类物质3种,醛类物质15种,酮类物质5种,酸类物质8种,其它3种。不同石榴品种之间果实的共有挥发性成分有6种,相对含量为63.11%～92.32%,它们构成了新疆石榴果实挥发性成分的主体特征,特有挥发成分分别有2、6、0、1、3、3、3、3、3种,赋予了不同品种石榴果实各自特有的风味特点,该研究结果可为新疆地区部分石榴品种的品质评价和综合利用提供参考依据。     

Pectinesterase extraction from sharabi apples

Pectinesterase (PE) was extracted from apples (cv. Sharabi) and assayed. pH and NaQ concentration influenced the extraction process of PE from the apple fruit. The highest PE extraction value at pH 7.5 and with 1.5 M-NaCl solution was 4.2 μ equiv.-COOH/min/g fresh fruit. Lower extraction values were found both with 2-5 M-NaCl and distilled water. Treatment of the tissue at pH 3.25 and pH 6.5 resulted in similar extraction values.