低糖保健型怀远石榴汁的加工及其感官评价

以怀远石榴为原料,益寿糖为甜味剂,NaCl为单宁去除剂,柠檬酸为护色剂和酸味剂加工低糖保健型的石榴汁饮料,采用模糊综合评判法对其进行感官评价,并对工艺条件进行优化.结果表明,对石榴汁口感影响最大的是甜味剂的添加量,次之是单宁去除剂的添加量.最佳工艺条件为:甜味剂益寿糖的添加量为15％,单宁去除剂NaCl为0.10％,护色/酸味剂柠檬酸为0.20％.根据模糊综合评判法,此条件下所得石榴汁的感官质量最好.     

由葛根废渣制备葛根纤维的研究

研究尝试从葛根废渣中提取并制备生态友好型的葛根纤维,分析了葛根废渣的化学成分,其中纤维索、半纤维素、木质素、果胶的含量分别为50.5%、2.76%、30.35%、4.19%.探讨了氧化脱胶上艺对葛根废渣处理后的残胶率的影响,通过对比试验,找到了一套葛根脱胶的最佳工艺,配方为NaOH用量4%～6%,双氧水用量3%～5%,煮练时间3 h.     

染料与助剂

■ 荧光去除剂PK 4A上海德桑精细化工有限公司最近研制的PK 4A是一种高效的荧光去除剂 ,外观为淡黄色粉末 ,是较易溶于水的阴离子物质。其主要用途是去除棉织物上荧光及荧光污染之缸体的清洗。纺织品经过荧光增白剂处理后 ,缸体中会残存一定量的荧光增白剂 ,这些残留物会影响用同一缸体染色织物之色光 ,造成不利影响。PK 4A可以迅速去除残留荧光增白剂 ,消除其残留物的不利影响。其也可用于增白后织物之回修 ,去除荧光增白剂 ,从而达到再染色之目的。PK 4A用量为 :1.染缸清洁用量一般为 1.0～ 2 .0 % (owf) ;2 .去除织物上荧光增白剂的…     

樱桃保鲜纸和高效乙烯去除剂对甜樱桃低温贮藏品质和褐变控制的影响

为了研究甜樱桃低温贮藏品质和褐变的控制,实验使用樱桃保鲜纸、高效乙烯去除剂及两者结合处理,分析“先锋”甜樱桃的低温贮藏效果。结果表明,高效乙烯去除剂处理组甜樱桃的衰老进程明显放缓,表现为保持着较高的亮度（L*值）、较高的饱和度（C*值）、较低的色调角度（H0值）,并且维持着较低的丙二醛含量,褐变指数显著低于其他处理。这说明降低外源乙烯的浓度,有助于抑制甜樱桃的衰老褐变。同时,樱桃保鲜纸出色地发挥了其防腐的功效,贮藏60 d时,处理组的腐烂率显著低于对照。樱桃保鲜纸和高效乙烯去除剂的组合使用,是提高采后甜樱桃好果率、提高果品贮藏品质和货架期品质的最优办法。     

响应面法优化植物乳杆菌素的双水相萃取条件

采用聚乙二醇/硫酸铵双水相体系研究发酵上清中植物乳杆菌素的萃取条件.通过单因素试验考察不同PEG分子质量、PEG浓度、硫酸铵浓度、离子强度等对细菌素纯化系数及萃取率的影响.在此基础上,用响应面法对系统进行优化.试验结果表明,植物乳杆菌素萃取的最佳条件为PEG4000-硫酸铵体系,PEG 18%,硫酸铵20%、氯化钠1%,萃取pH 3.75.     

仙人掌SOD超声萃取与纯化工艺研究

以新鲜仙人掌为材料,去表面刺和蜡质、清洗、打浆、过滤、超声波处理、离心,得仙人掌粗酶液,再经硫酸铵盐析和Sephadex G-100柱层析,对仙人掌SOD初步纯化.超声波处理能够提高仙人掌SOD的提取率,超声波功率600W、温度40℃与时间20min的组合,所得SOD活力最高,达到215.6U/mL.硫酸铵饱和度40%和85%分别用于除杂质和沉淀SOD目标蛋白,有较好的纯化效果,Sephadex G-100能使SOD得到一定程度的纯化.     

胶醋杆菌生产纤维素凝胶的工业化培养基的优化研究

本文研究了胶醋杆菌(Acetobacter xylinum)工业化生产培养基的优化组成.结果表明,影响纤维素凝胶产量的因素依次为椰子水＞醋酸钠＞硫酸铵＞蔗糖＞磷酸二氢钾.影响凝胶中纤维素含量的因素依次为椰子水＞醋酸钠＞蔗糖＞磷酸二氢钾、硫酸铵.最适pH为4.2,最佳培养温度30℃.综合考虑凝胶产量和凝胶纤维素含量对产品质量的影响,确定培养基的最佳组成为椰子水40%～50%,蔗糖4%,硫酸铵0.5%,醋酸钠0.2%,磷酸二氢钾0.05%,pH4.2.     

南美白对虾虾头蛋白酶提取工艺的研究

以南美白对虾虾头为原料,对提取条件进行优化设计.通过单因素实验研究pH、温度和料液比对内源蛋白酶活力的影响,然后设计正交实验确定内源蛋白酶的最佳提取条件,初步研究内源蛋白酶硫酸铵分级沉淀的最佳饱和度.结果表明:内源蛋白酶在pH为2和8时酶活力较高.通过正交实验得出酸性蛋白酶最佳提取条件为缓冲溶液pH3,料液比1:2,温度30℃;碱性蛋白酶最佳提取条件为缓冲溶液pH8,料液比1:3,温度50℃.酸性蛋白酶进行初步分离的结果是硫酸铵一级沉淀饱和度10%,硫酸铵二级沉淀饱和度50%;碱性蛋白酶进行初步分离的结果是硫酸铵一级沉淀饱和度20%,硫酸铵二级沉淀饱和度80%.     

双水相萃取分离葡萄籽中原花青素

采用双水相萃取葡萄籽中原花青素,首先研究双水相萃取体系组成、辅助萃取方法、萃取策略对原花青素萃取效果的影响,并采用正交试验对原花青素萃取条件进行优化。结果表明,双水相萃取体系组成为无水乙醇/硫酸铵,辅助萃取方法为微波辅助法,萃取策略为乙醇+水+葡萄籽微波处理后加入硫酸铵,条件为无水乙醇/硫酸铵萃取体系为质量分数30%无水乙醇/质量分数20%硫酸铵,加入葡萄籽质量分数为3%,pH为4.0,微波功率100 W,微波时间5 min,在该条件下,葡萄籽中原花青素的萃取率为94.1%,得率为25.8mg/g;     

硫酸铵盐析羔羊皱胃酶条件的研究

以羔羊皱胃为原料,研究了硫酸铵盐析法盐析羔羊皱胃酶的工艺条件,系统分析了硫酸铵饱和度、pH、盐析温度以及盐析时间对羔羊皱胃酶盐析效果的影响.结果表明,当硫酸铵饱和度为95%,盐析pH为4.60,盐析温度为4℃,盐析时问为14h时,羔羊皱胃酶盐析效果最好,酶活性回收率为92.86%.     

Textural Properties of Cold-set Gels Induced from Heat-denatured Whey Protein Isolates

A 9% whey protein (WP) isolate solution at pH 7.0 was heat-denatured at 80°C for 30 min. Size-exclusion HPLC showed that native WP formed soluble aggregates after heat-treatment. Additions of CaCl2 (10–40 mM), NaCl (50–400 mM) or glucono-delta-lactone (GDL, 0.4–2.0%, w/v) or hydrolysis by a protease from Bacillus licheniformis caused gelation of the denatured solution at 45°C. Textural parameters, hardness, adhesiveness, and cohesiveness of the gels so formed changed markedly with concentration of added salts or pH by added GDL. Maximum gel hardness occurred at 200 mM NaCl or pH 4.7. Increasing CaCl2 concentration continuously increased gel hardness. Generally, GDL-induced gels were harder than salt-induced gels, and much harder than the protease-induced gel.     

Occurrence of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in fish canned in oil

The levels of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) were quantified as part of a European survey on the migration of residues of epoxy resins into oil from canned fish. The contents of BFDGE in cans, lids and fish collected from all 15 Member States of the European Union and Switzerland were analysed in 382 samples. Cans and lids were separately extracted with acetonitrile. The extraction from fish was carried out with hexane followed by re-extraction with acetonitrile. The analysis was performed by reverse phase HPL C with fluorescence detection. BFDGE could be detected in 12% of the fish, 24% of the cans and 18% of the lids. Only 3% of the fish contained BFDGE in concentrations considerably above 1mg/kg. In addition to the presented data, a comparison was made with the levels of BADGE (bisphenol-A-diglycidyl ether)analysed in the same products in the context of a previous study.     

Contribution of European research to risk analysis

The European Commission's, Quality of Life Research Programme, Key Action 1—Health, Food & Nutrition is mission-oriented and aims, amongst other things, at providing a healthy, safe and high-quality food supply leading to reinforced consumer confidence in the safety of European food. Its objectives also include the enhancing of the competitiveness of the European food supply. Key Action 1 is currently supporting a number of different types of European collaborative projects in the area of risk analysis. The objectives of these projects range from the development and validation of prevention strategies including the reduction of consumers risks; development and validation of new modelling approaches; harmonization of risk assessment principles, methodologies, and terminology; standardization of methods and systems used for the safety evaluation of transgenic food; providing of tools for the evaluation of human viral contamination of shellfish and quality control; new methodologies for assessing the potential of unintended effects of genetically modified (genetically modified) foods; development of a risk assessment model for Cryptosporidium parvum related to the food and water industries; to the development of a communication platform for genetically modified organism, producers, retailers, regulatory authorities and consumer groups to improve safety assessment procedures, risk management strategies and risk communication; development and validation of new methods for safety testing of transgenic food; evaluation of the safety and efficacy of iron supplementation in pregnant women; evaluation of the potential cancer-preventing activity of pro- and pre-biotic ('synbiotic') combinations in human volunteers. An overview of these projects is presented here.     

低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性

为研究低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性,以经低温脱脂的带皮菜籽粕为原料,经微粉碎后筛分成212~425μm、150~212μm和106~150μm的3个不同粒级的微粉样品,检测这些样品的吸水性、吸油性、乳化性和乳化稳定性、蛋白质体外消化率。结果表明:1 3个不同粒级的微粉样品之间的粗纤维含量存在显著差异,表明三者的结构组成成分有一定差异。23个微粉样品的乳化活性和乳化稳定性随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。33个微粉样品的蛋白质体外消化率随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。4不同粒级带皮菜籽粕微粉样品的吸水性与吸油性受其结构组成物质不同和粒度的双重影响,与粒度的相关性不明显。     

Microbiology of food taints

Fresh and processed foods are often spoilt by the presence of undesirable flavours and odours caused by microbial action. The aim of this paper is to review the current knowledge of microbiologically induced taints that occur in a wide range of foodstuffs, including meats, poultry, fish, crustaceans, milk, dairy products, fruits, vegetables, cereals and cereal products. Examples have been chosen where the compounds responsible for the taint have been identified and sufficient data obtained to demonstrate the involvement of microorganisms. However, in some cases the full identity of the causative organism may not have been elucidated. The types of microorganisms covered by this review include bacteria, fungi, yeasts, actinomycetes and cyanobacteria. Although cyanobacteria do not in general infect foods, their presence in aqueous systems and water supplies can lead to off-flavours in aquatic organisms and processed foodstuffs. Several examples of each of these processes are discussed. Wherever possible, the likely biosynthetic pathway used by the microorganism to produce the offending compound in a foodstuff is indicated.     

Analysis for organic residues from aids to polymerization used to make plastics intended for food contact

Polymers intended for food contact use have been analysed for organic residues which could be attributed to a range of substances employed as polymerization aids (e.g. initiators and catalysts). A wide range of polymers was extracted with solvents and the extracts analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The overwhelming majority of substances identified were not derived from aids to polymerization but were oligomers, additives and adventitious contaminants. However, a small number of substances were identified as initiator residues. These included tetramethylsuccinonitrile (TMSN) which was observed in two polymers and it derived from recombination of two azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) initiator radicals. Methyl benzoate, benzoic acid, biphenyl and phenyl benzoate were detected in one poly(methyl methacrylate) sample and in two polyvinylchlorides and they are thought to be derived from benzoyl peroxide initiator. TMSN was subsequently targeted for analysis of poly-(methyl methacrylate) plastics using proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry (¹     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part II: Medium molecular weight permeants

Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of different medium molecular weight model permeants: bisphenol A, warfarin and anthracene, from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 microns-thick orientated polypropylene--OPP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. The characterization of permeation kinetics generally observed the permeation models previously reported to explain the experimental permeation results obtained for a low molecular weight group of model permeants. In general, the model permeants exhibited behaviour consistent with their relative molecular weights with respect to (a) the time taken to attain steady-state permeation into the food simulant in which they were more soluble, (b) their subsequent steady-state permeation rates, and (c) their partition between liquid paraffin and the OPP membrane.     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. I: Interlaboratory studies of methods of analysis

This paper describes the first part of a project undertaken to develop mussel reference materials for Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning (PSP) toxins. Two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin (STX) and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin (dc-STX) in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the second part of the project: the certification exercise. In the first study, 18 laboratories were asked to measure STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and to identify as many other PSP toxins as possible with a method of their choice. In the second interlaboratory study, 15 laboratories were additionally asked to determine quantitatively STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The first study revealed that three out of four postcolumn derivatization methods and one pre-column derivatization method sufficed in principle to determine STX and dc-STX. Most participants (13 of 18) obtained acceptable calibration curves and recoveries. Saxitoxin was hardly detected in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels and results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 58% at a mass fraction of 1.86 mg/kg. Most participants (14 out of 18) identified gonyautoxin-5 (GTX-5) in a hydrolysed extract provided. The first study led to provisional criteria for linearity, recovery and separation. The second study revealed that 6 out of 15 laboratories were able to meet these criteria. Results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 3.49mg/kg. Results obtained for STX in the saxitoxin-enriched material yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 0.34mg/kg. Saxitoxin could not be detected in the PSP-positive material. Hydrolysis was useful to confirm the identity of GTX5 and provided indicative information about C1 and C2 toxins in the PSP-positive material. The methods used in the second interlaboratory study showed sufficiently consistent analysis results to undertake a certification exercise to assign certified values for STX and dc-STX in lyophilized mussel.     

Focus on China's Paper Industry

In the English section of this issue, 〈China Paper Newsletters〉 will introduce ＂National Development and Reform Commission Issued Announcement for Selection of Major Preliminary Research Projects for the ＇13th Five-Year Plan＇＂, ＂2013 Annual Report of China＇s Paper Industry＂, and news of projects and other policies.     

Listen to downstream & search for innovation

正Nowadays,textile enterprises are all taking efforts in transformation and upgrading,like improving producing capacity and optimizing production structure to face market downturn.It claimed a higher request to the standard of textile equipments.In the upcoming of ITMA ASIA+CITME 2014exhibition,this magazine have interviewed several branch associations and a series of relative enterprises,to summarize industrial developing status