Na2CO3-Na2B4O7-H2O三元体系273K相平衡实验研究

采用等温蒸发法研究了Na2CO3-Na2B4O7-H2O三元体系在273 K时的相平衡以及平衡液相的密度.利用溶解度数据绘制了该三元体系273K下的相图.研究发现,该体系属于简单共饱型,无复盐及固溶体形成,Na2CO3和Na2B4O7互有增溶作用.相图中单变量曲线所对应的平衡固相分别为Na2CO3·10H2O和Na2B4O7·10H2O.     

Li2B4O7-Li2CO3—H2O三元体系298K介稳相平衡研究

文章报道西藏扎布耶盐湖卤水三元子体系Li2B4O7-Li2CO3-H2O 298 K介稳平衡实验数据,并绘制出介稳平衡相图.结果表明:该三元体系属简单共饱型,无复盐或固溶体形成;介稳平衡相图中单变度曲线(AE和BE)对应的介稳平衡固相分别为:Li2B4O7·5H2O和Li2CO3.与该体系对应的稳定相图比较:碳酸锂与平衡相图中结晶形式一致;硼酸锂在介稳相图中的结晶形式为Li2B4O7·5H2O,而平衡相图中的结晶形式则为Li2B4O7·3H2O.     

298K时Na2SO4-Na2B4O7-Na2CO3-H2O四元体系相平衡研究

采用等温溶解平衡法研究了298K时Na2SO4-Na2B4O7-Na2CO3-H2O四元体系的相平衡关系,测定了平衡液相的等温溶解度和主要物化性质(密度、电导率、pH值).研究发现:该体系属于简单共饱和体系,无复盐和固溶体生成;该四元体系298K时的等温溶解度图存在三个固相结晶区,其平衡固相分别为:Na2SO4·10H2O,Na2B4O7·10H2O,Na2CO3·10H2O;一个共饱点E,三条单变量曲线E1-E, E2-E, E3-E;文章最后对实验结果进行了简单讨论.     

三元体系Li~+、Mg~(2+)∥borate-H_2O323K相平衡研究

采用等温溶解平衡法,研究了三元体系Li+,Mg2+∥borate-H2O 323 K时的稳定相关系,同时测定了平衡液相的密度和折光率值。根据实验数据,绘制了该三元体系的稳定相图以及密度、折光率组成图。研究结果表明:该三元体系为简单三元体系,无复盐或固溶体生成。稳定相图由1个三元共饱点,2条溶解度单变量曲线和2个单盐结晶区组成。2个结晶区对应的平衡固相分别为Li2B4O7·3H2O和Mg B4O7·9H2O,其中Mg B4O7·9H2O结晶区大于Li2B4O7·3H2O的结晶区。     

Li2CO3-Li2SO4-Li2B4O7-H2O四元体系273.15K介稳相平衡研究

采用等温蒸发法研究了四元体系Li2CO3-Li2SO4-Li2B4O7-H2O273.15K介稳相平衡,测定了该四元体系273.15K条件下介稳相平衡溶液的溶解度和密度,根据实验数据绘制了相应的相图.研究发现:该体系为简单共饱和型,无复盐及固溶体形成;相图中包含一个共饱点E,三条单变度曲线EE1,EE2,EE3,三个单盐结晶区,单盐形式分别为Li2CO3,Li2SO4·H2O,LBO2·8H2O.     

Na2CO3-K2CO3-H2O三元体系333K相关系和溶液物化性质的研究

用等温蒸发平衡法研究了Na2CO3-K2CO3-H2O三元体系333 K时的相平衡关系和平衡溶液的物化性质(密度、pH值).实验结果发现333 K下该三元体系平衡相图中,不相称共饱和点E1和相称共饱和点E2同时共存,平衡结晶过程形成一种新复盐KNaCO3.平衡溶液液相密度用经验公式进行了计算,结果与实测值基本吻合.     

Li2SO4-Na2SO4-H2O三元体系308.15K介稳相平衡研究

采用等温蒸发法研究了Li2SO4-Na2SO4-H2O体系308.15K介稳相平衡及平衡液相物化性质(密度、电导率、折光率、粘度),根据实验数据绘制了相应的介稳相图及物化性质组成图.研究发现:该介稳体系中有2种复盐,即Db1(Li2SO4·3Na2SO4·12H2O)和Db2(Li2SO4·Na2SO4)形成,其介稳相图中有三个共饱点、4条溶解度曲线和4个结晶相区.     

三元体系Li~+∥Cl~-、borate-H_2O 323K稳定相平衡研究

采用等温溶解平衡法,研究了三元体系Li+∥Cl-、borate-H2O 323 K时的稳定相关系,同时测定了平衡液相的密度和折光率值。根据实验数据,绘制了该三元体系的稳定相图以及密度、折光率组成图。研究结果表明:该三元体系为简单三元体系,无复盐或固溶体生成。该体系稳定相图含有1个共饱点、2条单变量曲线和2个单盐结晶相区。两个结晶区分别对应单盐LiCl·H2O和Li2B4O7·3H2O。LiCl对Li2B4O7有较强的盐析作用。平衡液相的密度和折光率值随着LiCl质量分数的增加而增大。     

三元体系Li2S04-Li2B4O7-H2O在323.15K时相平衡研究

采用等温溶解平衡法研究了三元体系Li2SO4-Li2B2O7-H2O在323.15 K时的溶解度及其平衡溶液的密度、pH性质,根据实验数据绘制了相应的平衡相图及其物化性质组成图.研究结果表明:该三元体系在323.15 K时有2个结晶相区(Li2B4O7·3H2O和Li2S04·H2O)、2条单变量溶解度曲线、1个共饱点,属简单共饱型.     

三元体系Na2SO4-Na2B4O7-H2O373K相平衡研究

采用等温溶解平衡法研究了三元体系Na2SO4-Na2B4O7-H2O 373 K时的相平衡,测定了溶液液相组成.研究发现,该三元体系属于简单共饱和型,无复盐以及固溶体生成.根据溶解度数据绘制了等温溶解图,图中有一个三元共饱点,两条单变度曲线,两个结晶区,平衡固相分别为Na2SO4和Na2B4O7·5H2O.实验结果表明,Na2SO4对Na2B4O7·5H2O有盐析作用.     

Development of regenerable MgO-based sorbent promoted with K2CO3 for CO2 capture at low temperatures

To improve their CO2 absorption capacity, alkali-based sorbents prepared by impregnation and wet mixing method of potassium carbonate on supports such as activated carbon and MgO (KACI30, KACP30, KMgI30, and KMgP30), were investigated in a fixed bed reactor (C02 absorption at 50-100 degrees C and regeneration at 150-400 degrees C). Total CO2 capture capacities of KMgI30-500 and KMgP30-500 were 178.6 and 197.6 mg CO2/g sorbent, respectively, in the presence of 11 vol % H2O even at 50 degrees C. The large amount of CO2 capture capacity of KMgP30-500 and KMgI30-500 could be explained by the fact that MgO itself, as well as K2CO3, could absorb CO2 in the presence of water vapor even at low temperatures. In particular, water vapor plays an important role in the CO2 absorption of MgO and KMgI30-500 even at low temperatures below 60 degrees C, in marked contrast to MgO and CaO which can absorb CO2 at high temperatures. The CO2 capture capacity of the KMgI30-300 sorbent, however, was less than that of KMgI30-500 due to the formation of Mg(OH)2 which did not absorb CO2. MgO based-sorbents promoted with K2CO3 after CO2 absorption formed new structures such as K2Mg(CO3)2 and K2Mg(CO3)2 x 4(H2O), unlike KACI30 which showed only the KHCO3 crystal structure. The new Mg-based sorbents promoted with K2CO3 showed excellent characteristics in that it could satisfy a large amount of CO2 absorption at low temperatures, a high CO2 absorption rate, and fast and complete regeneration.     

用CO2饱冲氢氧化钠替代碳酸氢钠培养螺旋藻的研究

用CO2饱冲NaOH代替NaHCO3培养螺旋藻可开辟一种新的培养方法,同时也可考虑把此种方法应用于含碱液的废水处理,治理环境污染。其方法是用CO2饱冲NaOH培养螺旋藻的生长状况与用NaHCO3培养螺旋藻的生长状况作比较判断其是否可行。结果如下:螺旋藻的光合自养培养和用CO2饱冲NaOH代替NaHCO3的光合自养培养所获得的细胞干重分别为0.96g/L和0.94g/L;螺旋的藻混合营养培养和用CO2饱冲NaOH代替NaHCO3的混合营养培养所获得的细胞干重分别为1.48g/L和1.46g/L;螺旋藻的光合自养培养的回收培养和用CO2饱冲NaOH代替NaHCO3的光合自养的回收培养所获得的细胞干重相同;而且螺旋藻的混合营养培养的回收培养和用CO2饱冲NaOH代替NaHCO3的混合营养的回收培养所获得的细胞干重也基本相同。这说明用CO2饱冲氢氧化钠代替NaHCO3培养螺旋藻是完全可行的。而且,用CO2饱冲氢氧化钠代替NaHCO3外加葡萄糖混合营养来培养螺旋藻是一种更有效的方法。     

A biomass-supported Na2CO3 sorbent for flue gas desulfurization

A novel sorbent for SO2 removal has been investigated. The sorbent is obtained by conventional incipient wetness impregnation of abandoned biomaterials (straw or dried leaves) with an aqueous solution of Na2CO3. A material with the composition 80 wt % Na2CO3/straw shows a desulfurization activity which is both higher and faster than that of the reference sample Na2CO3/gamma-Al2O3. The breakthrough and stoichiometric SO2 adsorption efficiencies for 80 wt % Na2CO3/straw reach 48.9% and 80.6%, respectively, at a temperature of 80 degrees C. The adsorption efficiencies are almost constant in the temperature range 70 to 300 degrees C. According to IR and XPS analysis the main products observed on the spent sorbent are sulfite below 150 degrees C and sulfate at 300 degrees C. The Na2CO3 in 80 wt % Na2CO3/straw can potentially be recycled by the oxidation of the straw with concomitant reduction of the sulfite species to elemental sulfur, making the proposed process CO2 neutral.     

ＣuO-BaTiO3系复合材料及其ＣＯ２气敏特性研究

用溶胶－凝胶法合成的ＢaTiO3与市售ＣuO混合，经烧结得复合材料，制成电容式气敏元件，当ＣuO的掺入量与ＢaTiO3的物质的量之比为１．１：１时，元件可在较低温度下获得较高灵敏度，此外还发现此元件在常下也对ＣＯ２敏感。     

Spectroscopic characterization of the uranium carbonate andersonite Na2Ca[UO2(CO3)3] x 6H2O

The uranium carbonate andersonite Na2Ca[UO2(CO3)3] x 6H2O was synthesized and identified with classical analytical and spectroscopic methods. The classical methods applied were powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), nitric acid digestion, and scanning electron microcopy combined with energy-dispersive spectroscopy (SEM/EDS). To characterize andersonite spectroscopically, time-resolved laser-induced fluorescence spectroscopy (TRLFS), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) were used. Natural and synthetic andersonite samples were characterized with the nondestructive TRLFS by six fluorescence emission bands at 470.6, 486.1, 505.4, 526.7, 549.6, and 573.9 nm. In addition, andersonite was characterized by FT-IR measurements by the appearance of the asymmetric stretching vibration of the uranyl cation [v3(UO2(2+))] at 902 cm(-1) with a shoulder at 913 cm(-1). XPS measurements verified the composition of the synthetic andersonite sample. The measured intensity ratios of the XPS lines agree with the stoichiometry of Na2Ca[UO2(CO3)3] x 6H2O. The XPS features of the inner valence molecular orbitals are characteristic of the [UO2(CO3)3]4- structural moiety. These spectroscopic methods can be used to identify in a fingerprinting procedure secondary U(VI) phases in mixtures with other phases or as thin coatings on mineral and rock surfaces.     

K2CO3/Al2O3催化大豆油甘油解制备单甘酯的研究

利用K2CO3/Al2O3固体碱催化大豆油甘油解制备单甘酯.在单因素试验的基础上,利用正交试验对单甘酯制备条件进行优化,得到最优条件为:反应温度210℃,反应时间1.5h,催化剂添加量0.8％(占大豆油质量),大豆油与甘油物质的量比1∶3.在最优条件下,单甘酯含量达到58.26％.经过两级分子蒸馏,单甘酯含量高达95.69％,回收率为90.8％.     

Regulating the geological sequestration of CO2

Governments worldwide should provide incentives for initial large-scale GS projects to help build the knowledge base for a mature, internationally harmonized GS regulatory framework. Health, safety, and environmental risks of these early projects can be managed through modifications of existing regulations in the EU, Australia, Canada, and the U.S. An institutional mechanism, such as the proposed Federal Carbon Sequestration Commission in the U.S., should gather data from these early projects and combine them with factors such as GS industrial organization and climate regime requirements to create an efficient and adaptive regulatory framework suited to large-scale deployment. Mechanisms to structure long-term liability and fund long-term postclosure care must be developed, most likely at the national level, to equitably balance the risks and benefits of this important climate change mitigation technology. We need to do this right. During the initial field experiences, a single major accident, resulting from inadequate regulatory oversight, anywhere in the world, could seriously endanger the future viability of GS. That, in turn, could make it next to impossible to achieve the needed dramatic global reductions in CO2 emissions over the next several decades. We also need to do it quickly. Emissions are going up, the climate is changing, and impacts are growing. The need for safe and effective CO2 capture with deep GS is urgent.