离子色谱法测定食品中的二氧化硫

建立离子交换-电导检测离子色谱法测定食品中的二氧化硫的检测方法。样品在酸性条件下蒸馏,二氧化硫经3%的双氧水接收氧化提取,离子交换-电导检测离子色谱法检测,外标法定量。采用IonPacAS11-HC分析柱(250mm×4.0mmi.d.),IonPacAG11-HC保护柱(50mm×4.0mmi.d.),流动相为15mmol/L的氢氧化钾,流速1mL/min,柱温30℃,检测池温度35℃。实验结果表明:硫酸根在0.05～2mg/L范围内线性关系良好(r>0.999),在不同的基质中添加3个浓度水平的亚硫酸根,平均回收率均在88.29%～96.89%之间,相对标准偏差在3.29%～7.45%。     

离子色谱法检测福鼎白茶白露茶茶水中的7种阴离子成分

目的检测福鼎白茶白露茶茶水中7种阴离子含量。方法 25、80、100℃下,用50mL超纯水浸泡30份1 g样品(料水比为1:50)5 min,通过离子色谱法对7种阴离子进行测定分析。结果 30份样品茶水的阴离子含量均较低,25℃浸泡的茶水中,除溴离子未检出,其余6种离子浓度均显著低于80℃和100℃(P0.05),100℃浸泡的茶水的氯离子、亚硝酸根离子、磷酸二氢根离子和硫酸根离子浓度均显著高于80℃(P0.05)。结论离子色谱法检测茶水中的7种阴离子方法可靠。     

气相色谱-质谱联用法分析冠心膏中挥发性成分

目的气相色谱-质谱联用法(GC-MS)鉴定分析冠心膏中挥发性成分,并比较不同提取方法所得成分的差异。方法 GC-MS条件:Thermo TG-5MS石英毛细管柱(0.25 mm×30 m,0.25μm);初始温度60℃(1 min),10℃/min升至100℃,保持30 min,7℃/min升温速率升至150℃,保持20 min,2℃/min的升温速率升至190℃,保持3 min,再以20℃/min的升温速率升至230℃,保持5 min;载气为氦气;柱流量1.0 ml/min;分流比1:1;进样口温度250℃;EI电离源70 eV;离子源温度300℃;扫描范围m/z 50～500。结果冠心膏挥发油提取法所得样品中共分离出34个峰,鉴定出19个成分,占总挥发性成分相对含量的93.4%;超声提取法所得样品中共分离出27个峰,鉴定出16个成分,占总挥发性成分相对含量的29.2%。结论两种测定方法所得冠心膏样品中挥发性成分基本一致,但所鉴定出的挥发性成分占总挥发性成分相对含量差异较大,表明使用挥发油提取法可建立更全面的冠心膏挥发性成分GC-MS信息,为冠心膏气相色谱指纹图谱的研究及其质量控制提供了依据。     

酶法醇解-气相色谱法分析中长碳链甘油三酯sn-2脂肪酸

建立了一种测定中长碳链甘油三酯sn-2脂肪酸的分析方法。将中长碳链甘油三酯利用Novozym435酶法醇解得到2-单甘酯,采用BSTFA-TMCS(体积比99∶1)硅烷化衍生后通过气相色谱仪分析测定sn-2脂肪酸。最优测定条件为:200 mg油脂样品,脂肪酶添加量88 mg,反应温度30℃,反应时间2 h,硅烷化试剂添加量200μL,HP-5MS毛细管气相色谱柱(60 m×0.25 mm×0.25μm),柱温从100℃以5℃/min升温至180℃,再以1℃/min升温至230℃,再以5℃/min升温至300℃。该方法用于分析中长碳链甘油三酯样品准确可靠,重复性良好,RSD小于1.5%,分析长链甘油三酯样品时,结果与猪胰脂肪酶法、Novozym435法结果一致,RSD均小于5%。     

硬糖类产品中桉叶素的含量测定

目的建立适用于硬糖类产品中桉叶素的检测方法。方法采用气相色谱法测定硬糖中桉叶素的含量。采用Agilent HP-INNOWAX毛细管色谱柱(柱长为30 m,内径为0.32 mm,膜厚为0.25μm),采用顶空进样,进样量为5mL,炉温为85℃,平衡时间为30min,进样口温度为150℃,柱温为程序升温:初始温度70℃,以5℃/min的升温速率升温至125℃,保持2min,再以20℃/min的升温速率升温至200℃,保留5min;检测器温度为180℃,载气流速为1.0mL/min。结果桉叶素回归方程Y=8622.2X-32.028,相关系数r2为0.9998,线性范围为0.00284~0.56720mg/mL,加样回收率为104.31%。结论该法简便、准确、专属性强、重复性好,经方法学验证,本法可用于硬糖类产品中桉叶素的含量测定。     

气相色谱-质谱联用法同时测定红枣中六种酚酸

采用气相色谱-质谱联用(GC-MS)分析方法同时测定红枣中6种酚酸(水杨酸、4-羟基苯甲酸、香草酸、2,5-二羟基苯甲酸、原儿茶酸和对香豆酸)。并对色谱柱、升温程序及衍生化条件进行了优化。最终使用的色谱柱为Rtx-5毛细管色谱柱(0.25 mm×30 m,0.25μm);升温程序为初始柱温100℃,以10℃/min升至200℃,然后再以5℃/min上升到250℃,保持5 min,总共运行时间为25 min;选择(双三甲基硅烷基)三氟乙酰胺(BSTFA,含1%的三甲基氯硅烷)为衍生化试剂,样品衍生化的温度为35℃,时间30 min。在此最优分析条件下,6种酚酸得到良好的分离,各酚酸含量与峰面积之间呈现良好的线性关系(r2≥92.6),方法的检出限为1~6μg/L,回收率为92.6%~104.3%,且相对标准偏差均小于5%。该方法可成功用于3种红枣样品中的此6种酚酸的测定,也为其他食品中这6种酚酸的测定提供新的检测方法。     

HPLC测定芝麻油中木脂素类化合物含量研究

建立了HPLC同时测定芝麻油中芝麻素、芝麻林素、芝麻酚和芝麻素酚4种木脂素化合物含量的方法。首先确定了HPLC法分离和测定这4种物质的色谱条件,色谱柱为ODS-C18(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm);检测波长:芝麻素和芝麻林素为287 nm,芝麻酚和芝麻素酚为293 nm;柱温30℃;流速0.8 mL/min,流动相为甲醇(A)和水(B)进行梯度洗脱,梯度为0 min(A,60%)→6 min(A,60%)→9 min(A,75%)→24min(A,70%)→27 min(A,60%)→32 min(A,60%)。同时比较筛选了皂化法、氧化铝柱层析法和薄层层析法3种去除脂肪类成分的前处理方法,确定薄层层析法为最有效的前处理方法。     

食品及其包装材料中甲苯和乙酸乙酯的测定

采用选择离子扫描模式(SIM),建立了同时测定食品和食品包装材料样品中甲苯和乙酸乙酯的顶空气相色谱质谱检测法(HS-GC/MS)法.使用HP-5MS毛细管柱(30m×0.25mm×0.25μm);进样口温度250℃;柱温:初始温度50℃,以10℃/min的升温速率升至150℃,于150℃恒定1min;接口温度:280℃.气体条件:载气为高纯氦气,流速1.0mL/min.电子轰击电离源(EI),外标法定量.甲苯和乙酸乙酯的线性范围分别为0.001mg/kg～0.100mg/kg和0.010mg/kg～1.000mg/kg,最低检出限分别为0.05μg/kg和2.00μg/kg,样品中甲苯和乙酸乙酯的加标回收率分别为62.52％～104.08％和118.0％～126.53％.     

漫反射傅里叶变换红外光谱法定量分析食盐中的硫酸根

采用漫反射傅里叶变换红外光谱法(DRS-FTIR)定量测定食盐中硫酸根含量。选择硫酸根1138cm-1特征吸收峰作为定量分析峰,吸光度与硫酸根浓度5~480μg(SO_4~(2-))/0.1g NaCl,呈良好线性关系,相关系数0.9645。以NaCl为背景,分辨率8cm~(-1),扫描次数30次,用DRS-FTIR法测定了3种食盐样品中硫酸根的含量,测定结果(μg/0.1g NaCl)分别为9.78±0.15,86.39±4.95,288.40±9.35,RSD(n=6)分别为1.4%,4.7%,3.1%,与国家标准方法重量法结果一致,样品加标回收率分别为100.81%,100.33%,96.94%。漫反射法测定食盐中的硫酸根除需对样品研磨外无需任何其他前处理,分析速度快,分析过程无需任何试剂,无废液产生,是非破坏和非污染的绿色分析方法。     

气相色谱法测定脂肪酶催化反应体系中的己酸乙酯

建立测定脂肪酶催化合成的己酸乙酯含量的毛细管气相色谱方法。以乙酸正戊酯为内标物,采用AT.PEG-20M(30m×0.25mm×0.33μm)的极性石英毛细管柱,程序升温:起始柱温55℃,恒温1min,以10℃/min升温至70℃,恒温2min,再以20℃/min升温至180℃,保持5min;进样口温度200℃;采用氢焰离子化检测器,在温度220℃条件下进行测定。己酸乙酯的最低检测限为2.774μg/mL,相对标准偏差为0.97%,平均加标回收率为97.44%。该方法快速、准确、灵敏,可用于检测脂肪酶催化反应体系中己酸乙酯的含量。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Textural Properties of Cold-set Gels Induced from Heat-denatured Whey Protein Isolates

A 9% whey protein (WP) isolate solution at pH 7.0 was heat-denatured at 80°C for 30 min. Size-exclusion HPLC showed that native WP formed soluble aggregates after heat-treatment. Additions of CaCl2 (10–40 mM), NaCl (50–400 mM) or glucono-delta-lactone (GDL, 0.4–2.0%, w/v) or hydrolysis by a protease from Bacillus licheniformis caused gelation of the denatured solution at 45°C. Textural parameters, hardness, adhesiveness, and cohesiveness of the gels so formed changed markedly with concentration of added salts or pH by added GDL. Maximum gel hardness occurred at 200 mM NaCl or pH 4.7. Increasing CaCl2 concentration continuously increased gel hardness. Generally, GDL-induced gels were harder than salt-induced gels, and much harder than the protease-induced gel.     

Occurrence of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in fish canned in oil

The levels of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) were quantified as part of a European survey on the migration of residues of epoxy resins into oil from canned fish. The contents of BFDGE in cans, lids and fish collected from all 15 Member States of the European Union and Switzerland were analysed in 382 samples. Cans and lids were separately extracted with acetonitrile. The extraction from fish was carried out with hexane followed by re-extraction with acetonitrile. The analysis was performed by reverse phase HPL C with fluorescence detection. BFDGE could be detected in 12% of the fish, 24% of the cans and 18% of the lids. Only 3% of the fish contained BFDGE in concentrations considerably above 1mg/kg. In addition to the presented data, a comparison was made with the levels of BADGE (bisphenol-A-diglycidyl ether)analysed in the same products in the context of a previous study.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Contribution of European research to risk analysis

The European Commission's, Quality of Life Research Programme, Key Action 1—Health, Food & Nutrition is mission-oriented and aims, amongst other things, at providing a healthy, safe and high-quality food supply leading to reinforced consumer confidence in the safety of European food. Its objectives also include the enhancing of the competitiveness of the European food supply. Key Action 1 is currently supporting a number of different types of European collaborative projects in the area of risk analysis. The objectives of these projects range from the development and validation of prevention strategies including the reduction of consumers risks; development and validation of new modelling approaches; harmonization of risk assessment principles, methodologies, and terminology; standardization of methods and systems used for the safety evaluation of transgenic food; providing of tools for the evaluation of human viral contamination of shellfish and quality control; new methodologies for assessing the potential of unintended effects of genetically modified (genetically modified) foods; development of a risk assessment model for Cryptosporidium parvum related to the food and water industries; to the development of a communication platform for genetically modified organism, producers, retailers, regulatory authorities and consumer groups to improve safety assessment procedures, risk management strategies and risk communication; development and validation of new methods for safety testing of transgenic food; evaluation of the safety and efficacy of iron supplementation in pregnant women; evaluation of the potential cancer-preventing activity of pro- and pre-biotic ('synbiotic') combinations in human volunteers. An overview of these projects is presented here.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the