Variation in 1‐fructo‐exohydrolase (1‐FEH) and 1‐kestose‐hydrolysing (1‐KH) activities and fructo‐oligosaccharide (FOS) status in onion bulbs. Influence of temperature and storage time

Effects of storage temperature and duration on 1‐fructo‐exohydrolase (1‐FEH) and 1‐kestose‐hydrolysing (1‐KH) activities and trisaccharide (Tri) and fructo‐oligosaccharide (FOS) status in onion bulbs var Tenshin kept for 24 weeks at 10 and 20 °C were investigated. 1‐FEH activity peaked sharply after 10 weeks and seemed to be triggered by a decrease in sucrose content. 1‐KH activity increased during the first 8 weeks and remained stable during the last 8 weeks. Contents of Tri, FOS and total FOS decreased abruptly during the first 8 weeks; however, at 10 °C, contents of Tri, FOS (DP 3–12) and total FOS were lower than those at 20 °C. The consumption rate of fructo‐oligosaccharides also appeared to be higher at 20 °C than at 10 °C, despite the slight degradation in activities observed at this low temperature. 1‐FEH seems to be under the control of a triggering signal which induces its activity, and sucrose seems to be this biochemical signal which initiates dormancy release and the onset of sprouting, as found previously. Thus changes in carbohydrates seem to be a strong indicator of the end of the dormant state of the bulb and the beginning of the sprouting period. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry     

Qualitative and quantitative composition of fructooligosaccharides in bread

Short-chain fructooligosaccharides (FOS) of DP 3–5 in various bread were determined by means of HPLC method with the use of water–alcohol extracts. Crisp bread produced without yeast contains kestose, nystose and fructosyl-nystose in the total amount varying from 0.3 to 0.81 g FOS/100 g. Contents of short-chain fructooligosaccharides (FOS) of DP 3–5 in another kinds of bread examined–wheat, rye and wholemeal bread produced with the use of yeast–did not exceed 0.03 g/100 g DM.     

Comparative study of polyphenolic content and antiradical activity of cloudy and clear apple juices

Clear and cloudy apple juices from Idared and Champion varieties were studied for their radical‐scavenging effects. The polyphenolic content and composition of the juices before and after thiolysis were determined by high‐performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection. Cloudy juices, especially that prepared from Champion variety, had a higher content of procyanidins than clear juices. Radical‐scavenging activity was measured by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy using the stable 1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical. All juices showed long‐lasting radical‐scavenging activity, and EPR spectra were recorded over time to follow the reaction kinetics. Scavenging of DPPH showed pseudo‐first‐order kinetics, which might be expected in the presence of polymerised antioxidants that prevent closer contact between the DPPH radical and hydroxyl groups. The content of polymeric procyanidins showed a linear dependence on the rate constant, suggesting that these compounds are mainly responsible for time‐extended radical‐scavenging activity. The antioxidant properties of apple juices were much better reproduced by EPR spectroscopy than by UV–visible measurements. The former method is especially sensitive to the concentration of polymerised or bound procyanidins, whilst the latter method requires transparent (clear) samples. Apple juices, especially cloudy ones, are a rich source of natural antioxidants that may be used in the pharmaceutical or food industry. Copyright © 2006 Society of Chemical Industry     

Free‐radical scavenging activity of wormwood (Artemisia absinthium L) extracts

In an effort to discover new antioxidant natural compounds, wormwood (Artemisia absinthium L) an aromatic‐bitter herb, was screened. The sequential extraction was realized with five solvents of different polarities (70% methanol, petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate, n‐butanol). The antioxidative activity was tested by measuring their ability to scavenge stable 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical and reactive hydroxyl radical during the Fenton reaction trapped by 5,5‐dimethyl‐1‐pyrroline‐N‐oxide (DMPO), using electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy. Results demonstrated that the antiradical and antioxidative activity depend on the type and concentration of applied extracts and increased in the order ethyl acetate > methanol > n‐butanol > chloroform > petroleum ether > remaining water extracts. The investigation showed that the antiradical activity increased with increasing concentration of all extracts. The high contents of total phenolic compounds (25.6 mg g^?1) and total flavonoids (13.06 mg g^?1) indicated that these compounds contribute to the antiradical and antioxidative activity. In a model system, the formation of o‐semiquinone radicals from quercetin and chlorogenic acid was obtained to prove the mechanism (hydrogen donating and/or one‐electron reduction) of free‐radical scavenging activity. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry     

Antioxidant and melanogenesis‐inhibitory activities of collagen peptide from jellyfish (Rhopilema esculentum)

BACKGROUND: Jellyfish collagen was hydrolysed with trypsin and properase E, and jellyfish collagen peptide (JCP) was purified from the enzymatic hydrolysate using ion exchange chromatography and gel filtration. The antioxidant activity of JCP in a linoleic acid emulsion system, its superoxide anion‐ and hydroxyl radical‐scavenging activities and its copper‐chelating ability were evaluated in vitro. Initial investigations of JCP's ability to inhibit melanogenesis were carried out using cultured B16 melanoma cells. RESULTS: The molecular weight distribution of JCP was from 400 to 1200 Da. Amino acid analysis showed that JCP was rich in Gly, Pro, Ser, Ala, Glu and Asp and had a total hydrophobic amino acid content of 384.2 g kg^?1. JCP showed high antioxidant activity (IC₅₀147.8 µg mL^?1), superoxide anion‐scavenging activity (IC₅₀21.9 µg mL^?1), hydroxyl radical‐scavenging activity (IC₅₀16.7 µg mL^?1) and copper‐chelating ability (IC₅₀88.7 µg mL^?1) in vitro. It also significantly inhibited intracellular tyrosinase activity, decreased melanin content and enhanced glutathione synthesis (P < 0.05). Furthermore, JCP decreased intracellular cAMP levels and suppressed tyrosinase mRNA expression. CONCLUSION: Based on the results of this study, JCP exerts anti‐melanogenic actions via its antioxidant properties and copper‐chelating ability. JCP could be used as a natural skin‐lightening agent in the medicine and food industries. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry     

Processed Tart Cherry Products—Comparative Phytochemical Content,in vitro Antioxidant Capacity and in vitro Anti‐inflammatory Activity

Abstract: Processing of fruits and vegetables affects their phytochemical and nutrient content. Tart cherries are commercially promoted to possess antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory activity. However, processing affects their phytochemical content and may affect their related health benefits. The current study compares the in vitro antioxidant capacity and anti‐inflammatory cyclooxygenase activity of processed tart cherry (Prunus cerasus) products—cherry juice concentrate, individually quick‐frozen cherries, canned cherries, and dried cherries. Cherry products were analyzed for total anthocyanin and proanthocyanidin content and profile. On a per serving basis, total anthocyanins were highest in frozen cherries and total proanthocyanidins were highest in juice concentrate. Total phenolics were highest in juice concentrate. Juice concentrate had the highest oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) and peroxynitrite radical averting capacity (NORAC). Dried cherries had the highest hydroxyl radical averting capacity (HORAC) and superoxide radical averting capacity (SORAC). Processed tart cherry products compared very favorably to the U.S. Dept. of Agriculture‐reported ORAC of other fresh and processed fruits. Inhibition of in vitro inflammatory COX‐1 activity was greatest in juice concentrate. In summary, all processed tart cherry products possessed antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory activity, but processing differentially affected phytochemical content and in vitro bioactivity. On a per serving basis, juice concentrate was superior to other tart cherry products. Practical Application: Processing of fruits and vegetables affects their chemical and nutrient content and perhaps their related health benefits. Comparative studies are valuable to ascertain the effects of processing on fruit and vegetable chemical content and bioactivity. Here we present tart cherries as a model for this type of detailed comparison.     

Enzymatic synthesis of fructooligosaccharides by inulinases from Aspergillus niger and Kluyveromyces marxianus NRRL Y-7571 in aqueous–organic medium

This work is focused on the synthesis of the fructooligosaccharides (FOS) from sucrose and inulin, using free, immobilized and pre-treated immobilized inulinase from Kluyveromyces marxianus NRRL Y 7571 and Aspergillus niger in an aqueous–organic system. Initially, the influence of pre-treatment using four different gases, propane, n-butane, CO₂ and liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), was investigated towards FOS production and best results were found when both enzymes were previously treated with LPG. The best reaction yields were obtained when the immobilized enzymes were treated with LPG. Considering FOS synthesis using the enzyme from A. niger, yields of 26.62% of GF2 (kestose), 30.62% of GF3 (nystose) and 8.47% of GF4 (fructosyl nystose) were achieved using sucrose as substrate. Using inulinases from K. marxianus NRRL Y 7571, 11.89% of GF2 and 20.83% of GF3 were obtained, using inulin as substrate. However, promising results were achieved using the free form of inulinase from A. niger (77.19% of GF2; 14.03% of GF3 and 0.07% of GF4) using inulin as substrate.     

Characterization of cosmetic cream with Mesembryanthemum crystallinum plant extract: influence of formulation composition on physical stability and anti‐oxidant activity

Cosmetic or pharmaceutical composition containing superoxide dismutase (SOD) was usually used in topical administration, particularly, in fighting against skin ageing and in the protection of the skin against radiation exposure. Mesembryanthemum crystallinum is a halophyte plant widely used in the traditional medicine, characterized by the presence of anti‐oxidants enzymes in responses to abiotic stresses. In the present study, we prepared a formulation with M. crystallinum extract characterized by naturally occurring SOD and catalase in association with other anti‐oxidants molecules. The SOD activity was measured by 3‐(4,5‐dimethyldiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐diphenyl‐tetrazolium bromide/riboflavin method, catalase by colorimetric method and the total anti‐radical activity was measured by 1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH) method. Formulations contain a significant SOD activity (8.33 U mg^?1), a catalase activity (0.5 × 10⁷ UC) and an anti‐radical activity (30% of DPPH inhibition). The formulation storage (15 days at 4°C) showed a marked loss of total anti‐oxidant capacity. The addition of the M. crystallinum extract induced also a reduction in formulation viscosity and pH.     

Effects of physicochemical factors and in vitro gastrointestinal digestion on antioxidant activity of R‐phycoerythrin from red algae Bangia fusco‐purpurea

R‐phycoerythrin (R‐PE) was purified from the red algae Bangia fusco‐purpurea after 35–50% ammonium sulphate fractionation followed by ion‐exchange column chromatography on DEAE‐Sepharose, resulting in a purity (A₅₆₅/A₂₈₀) ratio of 5.1. The circular dichroism spectroscopy results suggested that the structure of R‐PE is predominately helical. The antioxidant activity of R‐PE was studied and revealed changes in conformation and antioxidant activity at different temperatures and pH values. After in vitro‐simulated gastrointestinal (GI) digestion of R‐PE, the scavenging activity of ABTS radical (EC₅₀, 769.9 μg mL^?1), DPPH radical (EC₅₀, 421.9 μg mL^?1), hydroxyl radical (EC₅₀, 32.4 μg mL^?1) and reducing power (A₇₀₀ = 0.5, 625.8 μg mL^?1) were measured. Gel filtration chromatography analysis showed that the molecular weight distribution of the final GI digest that still contained high antioxidant activity was <3 kDa. Our present results indicate that digestion‐resistant antioxidant peptides of R‐PE may be obtained by in vitro GI proteinases degradation.     

Enzymatic Synthesis of l‐Ascorbyl Fatty Acid Esters Under Ultrasonic Irradiation and Comparison of Their Antioxidant Activity and Stability

A series of novel l ‐ascorbyl fatty acid esters were synthesized by catalization of Novozym^® 435 under ultrasonic irradiation and characterized by infrared spectroscopy, electrospray ionization mass spectra, and nuclear magnetic resonance. Their properties especially antioxidant activity and stability were investigated. The results showed that the reducing power, the scavenging activity of hydroxyl radical and 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl radical were decreased with the increase of the number of carbon atoms in fatty acid. The hydroxyl radical scavenging activity and reducing power of l ‐ascorbyl saturated fatty acid esters were better than that of tert‐butylhydroquinone. The induction period in lipid oxidation of l ‐ascorbyl saturated fatty acid esters and tert‐butylhydroquinone were longer than that of l ‐ascorbyl unsaturated fatty acid esters and l ‐ascorbic acid both in soybean oil and lard. Besides, the l ‐ascorbyl fatty acid esters showed different stabilities in different conditions by comparing with l ‐ascorbic acid, and the l ‐ascorbyl saturated fatty acid esters were more stable than l ‐ascorbyl unsaturated fatty acid esters in ethanol solution.     

The Interaction Between Lipoxygenase‐Catalyzed Oxidation and Autoxidation in Dry‐Cured Bacon and a Model System

A model system was conducted to characterize the interaction between lipid autoxidation and enzyme‐catalyzed oxidation in dry‐cured bacon. This involved the use of a hydroxyl radical (HO?) generating system and the extraction and purification of lipoxygenases (LOX) from pork belly. The results showed that LOX activity rapidly (P < 0.05) increased during the curing of dry‐cured bacon. This may be because of the hydroxyl‐radical‐mediated oxidation from LOX‐Fe²⁺ to LOX‐Fe³⁺, which activates LOX. In addition, experiments of the model system also showed that LOX activity could be inhibited by increasing the substrate concentration, although substrate type and concentration had no effect on autoxidation. Moreover, LOX enzyme‐catalyzed oxidation and autoxidation could act synergistically to promote lipid oxidation irrespective of the substrate (linoleic or arachidonic acid). These results provide useful information for regulating lipid oxidation during the production of dry‐cured pork products.     

Isolation and identification of an antioxidant flavonoid compound from citrus-processing by-product

BACKGROUND: Large amounts of citrus by‐products are released from juice‐processing plants every year. Most bioactive compounds are found in the peel and inner white pulp. Flavonoids are a widely distributed group of bioactive compounds. The methanolic extract of citrus peel powder has been shown to possess strong antioxidant activity. Therefore the aim of this study was to isolate the major antioxidant flavonoid compound from Citrus unshiu (satsuma) peel as citrus by‐product and evaluate its antioxidant activity. RESULTS: The major flavonoid isolated from C. unshiu peel was identified as quercetagetin. The structure of the compound was determined by tandem mass spectrometry and ultraviolet spectroscopy. Its antioxidant activity was assessed by assays of 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical, hydroxyl radical and intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging and DNA damage inhibition. Quercetagetin showed strong DPPH radical‐scavenging activity (IC₅₀7.89 µmol L^?1) but much lower hydroxyl radical‐scavenging activity (IC₅₀203.82 µmol L^?1). Furthermore, it significantly reduced ROS in Vero cells and showed a strong protective effect against hydrogen peroxide‐induced DNA damage. CONCLUSION: The results of this study suggest that quercetagetin could be used in the functional food, cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry     

Antidiabetic activity and molecular docking of fructooligosaccharides produced by Aureobasidium pullulans in poloxamer-407-induced T2DM rats

This study evaluated the beneficial effects of fructooligosaccharide (FOS) intake from Aureobasidium pullulans using poloxamer-407 (PX-407) induced type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in rat. Administration of FOS enhanced enzymatic activities of catalase and glutathione reductase in a dose-dependent manner. Significant reduction in fasting plasma triacylglycerol and very low-density lipoprotein level coupled with slight increase in fasting plasma insulin level was observed. Significant decrease in severe glucosuria, proteinuria, blood creatinine, urea and advanced glycation end products was also observed. Supplementation of FOS increased glucagon like peptide-1 content as well as Bifidobacteria and Lactobacilli populations in the caecum. Molecular docking by Gold and Glide software revealed that three sugar types present in the FOS (1-kestose, nystose, and 1-β-fructofuranosyl nystose) are potent dipeptidyl peptidase-IV inhibitors as well as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma agonists. This work indicates that FOS can be positioned as a nutraceutical product, beneficial in diabetes-associated metabolic abnormalities.     

高效阴离子交换色谱法同时测定菊粉酶解产物中的单糖、双糖和低聚果糖

建立了低聚果糖样品中的葡萄糖、果糖、蔗糖、蔗果三糖、蔗果四糖和蔗果五糖的高效阴离子交换色谱-脉冲安培法的定量分析方法。采用阴离子交换柱CarboaPacTM PA10（250 mm×2 mm）脉冲安培法进行检测,以氢氧化钠和醋酸钠为淋洗液进行梯度洗脱,柱温30 ℃,流速0.3 mL/min。结果表明,葡萄糖、果糖、蔗糖、蔗果三糖、蔗果四糖和蔗果五糖在质量浓度0.1～10 mg/L范围内的线性关系良好,相关系数r2大于0.996 1,各组分的相对标准偏差均在2.69%～7.21%之间。将此方法应用于菊粉酶解后反应产物的检测,结果表明该方法快速简便且灵敏度高,能满足反应样品中低聚果糖的检测要求。     

Recent trends in the microbial production,analysis and application of Fructooligosaccharides

This review focuses on the recent developments in the area of FOS research—its microbial production, functional properties and applications and an overview of the different analytical methods for the determination of the FTase. Different microbial sources of FTase reported in literature to produce FOS with different linkages to form 1-kestose, 6-kestose and neokestose in varying yields based on initial sucrose concentration is discussed. Different fermentative methods have been used for production of FOS. SSF has been used for the production of a value added product FOS utilizing various agroindustrial byproducts. The nutritional and culture parameters when optimized, the FOS yields and productivity could be improved. The use of immobilized enzymes and cells has led to the development of effective and economic methods for large-scale production of FOS. Forced flow Membrane reactor systems, biocatalyst system with a bioreactor equipped with a microfiltration systems, have been used for production of high content FOS by removing the released glucose and unreacted sucrose from the reaction mixture resulting in up to 98% FOS. The use of mixed enzyme system of Fructosyl Transferase and glucose oxidase or glucose dehydrogenase, could produce highly concentrated FOS up to 90–98%. Nano-filtration for removing glucose resulted in FOS of 90% concentration. The purified enzyme was found to produce kestose and nystose unlike the crude enzyme which produced GF₅ and GF₆ oligosaccharides Kinetic parameters (V_m, K_m, and K_i) of the enzyme were determined from experimental data on the transfructosylation rate at various substrate concentrations with and without addition of glucose Techniques like HPLC, using polar-bonded phase and resin-based HPLC columns are commonly used for separation of oligosaccharides with refractive Index Detector or pulsed amperometric detector and annular size exclusion chromatography for large scale and continuous fractionation. Other techniques like gas liquid chromatography, thin layer chromatography, NMR and Mass Spectrometry have been used for structure analyses. The functional properties like use as prebiotics, dietary fiber, role in absorption and defense/Immunity, lipid metabolism control of diabetics have been discussed. A variety of applications in food formulations are also discussed.     

Performance,carcass cut‐up and fatty acids deposition in broilers fed different levels of pellet‐processed flaxseed

The effects of flaxseed (FS) processing and inclusion levels on broiler performance and fatty acid deposition were examined. FS was provided as whole seed, ground or pellet‐then‐mashed at a dietary level of 0, 12 or 14% during days 1 to 21. These levels represented control, threshold and over‐threshold, respectively. During days 22 to 40, the threshold level was increased to 15%, while the over‐threshold level increased to 17%. After 21 days of feeding, the performance of birds fed a diet with 12% pellet‐then‐mashed FS were comparable (p > 0.05) with those fed mashed control diet, but superior to those fed a diet of whole FS (p < 0.05). There was interaction (p < 0.05) between diet processing and FS level on weight gain, with pellet‐then‐mash processing being more effective at the 12% FS inclusion level than at the 14% level in improving performance. The beneficial processing effect on performance diminished during days 22 to 40. Furthermore, carcass cut‐up percentage was not affected (p > 0.05) by the treatments, except that increased FS level resulted in smaller fat‐pad and larger liver (p < 0.05). Birds deposited omega‐3 (n‐3) fatty acids in breast and thigh muscle the most with higher FS inclusion and pellet‐then‐mash processing. On day 40, the total n‐3 fatty acids made up 22.1 and 24.4% in the muscle lipids of breast and thigh samples from birds fed pellet‐then‐mashed FS at the level of 12% during days 1 to 21 and at the level of 15% during days 22 to 40, respectively. These values were higher (p < 0.05) than those found in birds fed diets of similar FS levels but as whole seed or ground seed. Up to 12% pellet‐processed FS can be incorporated into broiler diets with satisfactory growth, while maximizing n‐3 fatty acid deposition in the tissues. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry     

Effect of selenium on increasing free radical scavenging activities of polysaccharide extracts from a Se-enriched mushroom species of the genus<Emphasis Type="Italic"> Ganoderma</Emphasis>

Chemiluminescent analysis indicates that the polysaccharide extracts from Se-enriched G. lucidum (Se-GLPs) could protect DNA from hydroxyl radical oxidative damage in dose dependent manner. Moreover, Se-GLPs exhibited higher activities of scavenging superoxide and hydroxyl radicals than its analog from common G. lucidum extract as suggested by EPR measurement, indicating that Se plays an important role in increasing the antioxidant activities of the polysaccharide extracts. This was confirmed by spin-trapping experiments showing that at the same polysaccharide concentration, the activities of all the Se-GLPs samples in scavenging hydroxyl radical increased with the increase of Se content. Additionally, all Se-GLPs samples showed stronger activities of attenuating the production of superoxide radical than that of hydroxyl radical.     

Antioxidant activity of half <Emphasis Type="Italic">N</Emphasis>-acetylated water-soluble chitosan in vitro

Different molecular weight water-soluble chitosan (half N-acetylated chitosan) was prepared and the structure of water-soluble chitosan was characterized by FT-IR. The pH dependence of water solubility of water-soluble chitosan was evaluated from turbidity. Total antioxidant activity, reducing power, superoxide anion radical and hydroxyl radical quenching assay, metal chelating activity, and H₂O₂ scavenging activity were used for the evaluation of different molecular weight half N-acetylated chitosan in vitro. Low-molecular weight water-soluble chitosan (WSC4) exhibited high reductive capacity and expressed good inhibition of linoleic acid peroxidation in the linoleic acid model system. WSC4 (0.25 mg/mL) scavenged 78.8% of superoxide radical. At 5 mg/mL, scavenging percentage of WSC1, WSC2, WSC3, and WSC4 against hydroxyl radical was 49.3%, 66.8%, 77.1%, and 83.7%, respectively. These results indicate that water-soluble chitosan is an ideally natural antioxidant, and its antioxidant activity depends on its molecular weight.     

Formation of paramagnetic products in leaves of wheat (Triticum aestivum) as a result of ozone‐induced stress

Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) measurements on light‐harvested samples of wheat leaves that had been exposed to toxic ozone levels showed the production of a single‐peak free radical signal and a large increase in intensity of the Fe(III) (g = 4.3) signal compared with control samples. These changes were accompanied by a decrease in the intensity of the more complex free radical signal that is associated with a tyrosine‐based radical centre in photosystem II (PSII) protein. No qualitative changes in the Mn(II) signal were seen as a result of ozone exposure. Identification of the stress‐induced free radical is discussed in the context of previous speculations in the literature, and it is concluded that there is still insufficient evidence for a positive identification. A similar situation exists with the Fe(III) component, where the ligand(s) remain(s) unidentified, although the complex is confirmed as a mononuclear species. Copyright © 2003 Society of Chemical Industry     

Use of coffee by‐products for the cultivation of Pleurotus citrinopileatus and Pleurotus salmoneo‐stramineus and its impact on biological properties of extracts thereof

Incorporating spent coffee grounds (SCGs), a by‐product from coffee brewing, in growth substrate of beneficial edible mushrooms is an approach that has to be further studied due to its potential positive outcomes: environmental impact mitigation, production costs reduction and beneficial impact on consumer health. Hence, cultivation of Pleurotus citrinopileatus and Pleurotus salmoneo‐stramineus was tested using SCG which enabled maximum production yield of P. citrinopileatus which was of 25.1% (w/w). Variable antidiabetic potential was observed between aqueous and enzymatic extracts (3.8%–29% inhibition) regardless species and substrates, whereas aqueous extract of P. citrinopileatus grown in substrate without SCG stood out presenting the highest antioxidant activity and inhibition activity of angiotensin I‐converting enzyme (IC₅₀ = 123 μg mL^?1). Ethanolic and aqueous extracts of both Pleurotus species grown in the presence or absence of SGC proved to be an interesting prebiotic source for growth of Bifidobacterium animalis Bo in comparison with fructooligosaccharides (FOS).