超声波处理羊毛纤维的物理化学性能研究

采用超声波处理羊毛纤维,通过扫描电镜、红外光谱测试技术,以及通过对羊毛纤维断裂强度和毛效的测试,分析超声波处理前后羊毛纤维表面形态结构和化学结构的变化。实验结果表明,超声波处理羊毛纤维后,羊毛表面发生刻蚀反应,鳞片层中的分子间和分子内氢键受到损伤,断裂强度降低不甚明显,同时润湿性能明显提高,并且经过超声波处理的羊毛纤维的染色性能明显改善。     

超声波和双氧水处理羊毛织物的染色性能

研究了超声波和双氧水处理改善羊毛染色性能的可行性。采用双氧水、超声波及二者联合作用处理羊毛织物,对处理前后羊毛纤维的形貌,织物表面的接触角及其染色性能进行了表征。实验结果表明,羊毛织物经过双氧水或超声波的处理后,纤维表面鳞片被破坏,羊毛纤维表面接触角降低。对处理前后的羊毛织物进行染色,结果表面不管是酸性染料还是活性染料,处理织物的上染速率增加,最终得色量也明显增加,尤其是双氧水和超声波先后联合处理过的织物可明显提高得色量。     

超声波处理改善毛织物毡缩性能的研究

研究了超声波处理对毛织物毡缩性能的影响,对比了处理前后毛织物毡缩性能的变化。利用扫描电子显微镜观察超声波处理前后羊毛纤维表面形貌的变化。通过接触角测试,研究了处理前后织物润湿性能的变化。结果表明,超声波处理可明显改善毛织物的毡缩性能,经过超声波处理的羊毛纤维表面鳞片层出现不同程度的剥落,织物润湿性能稍有改善。     

超声波处理对羊毛纤维润湿性的影响

为改善羊毛纤维的润湿性能,实现羊毛纤维功能化的需要,讨论水浴超声波、超声波与渗透剂共浴、渗透剂浸渍3种预处理对羊毛纤维润湿性的影响。运用单纤维动态接触角张力仪和扫描电子显微镜对处理前后羊毛纤维的润湿性和表面形态进行表征。实验结果表明:经过3种方式预处理后精纺呢绒的润湿性都有不同程度地改善,其中采用超声波与渗透剂共浴处理的精纺呢绒,润湿性改善最为明显;经过超声波处理的羊毛纤维,在其鳞片层表面产生了刻蚀效果或鳞片层局部出现了剥离。     

超声波预处理对羊毛纤维结构和性能影响

通过对超声波预处理后的羊毛纤维进行染色,并对染色前后的羊毛纤维性能进行测试,分析超声波对羊毛纤维低温染色预处理的最佳时长。研究表明,羊毛纤维经过超声波处理后,纤维的力学性能与结晶度均有不同程度的下降,而纤维的上染率与K/S值却有不同程度的上升。综合染色后羊毛纤维的性能,认为超声波预处理3 h为最佳处理时间。     

超声波处理对羊毛纤维性能的影响

探讨超声波处理对羊毛纤维性能的影响。测试了不同水温、不同超声波频率和不同处理时间下羊毛纤维的各项性能,包括回潮率、表面摩擦因数、强伸性能和热学性能,并与未处理羊毛纤维进行了对比。研究表明,经过超声波处理后的羊毛纤维的吸湿回潮率、纤维表面摩擦因数及断裂伸长率随着超声波频率、处理时间及水温的增加而增加,而纤维的断裂强力及热学性能随着超声波频率、处理时间及水温的增加而减小。认为:超声波处理提高了纤维的吸湿回潮性能与纤维的抱合力,有利于羊毛纤维服用性能的提高。     

电雾化处理对羊毛织物抗起毛起球性能的影响

针对羊毛织物在穿着时受外力摩擦作用易起毛起球的现象,采用可产生单分散小尺寸微粒的电雾化技术整理羊毛织物。实验选用常见的环保型整理剂过氧化氢和壳聚糖溶液,探究整理剂类型、溶液浓度和处理时间对羊毛织物抗起毛起球性能的影响,并通过扫描电子显微镜观察电雾化整理前后羊毛织物和纤维表面的形貌变化。结果表明:电雾化处理壳聚糖溶液产生的微粒对羊毛纤维表面起到了包裹作用,羊毛织物抗起毛起球等级最高提升1级以上;电雾化处理过氧化氢溶液对羊毛纤维表面鳞片有一定的破坏作用,羊毛织物抗起毛起球等级可提升0.5级以上;电雾化处理过氧化氢和壳聚糖溶液对羊毛织物协同整理较长时间(如240 min),织物的抗起毛起球提升效果最好。     

等离子体处理对羊毛纱线吸湿性能的影响

文中采用等离子体对羊毛纱线进行改性整理,探讨工艺条件对羊毛纱线吸湿性及力学性能的影响,测试了等离子体处理后断裂强力、断裂伸长率、芯吸高度,并与等离子体-丝素联合处理后纱线的吸湿性能对比。结果表明:等离子体预处理后,羊毛纤维表面被刻蚀,改善了羊毛纤维的亲水性,处理时间延长会导致羊毛力学性能下降;随着作用时间、压强及反应功率的增加,羊毛纱线的吸湿性也有不同程度的提高。等离子体与丝素联合处理后羊毛纱线的吸湿性有显著提高,有利于丝素在羊毛纱线的吸附和扩散。     

羊毛的离子液体BmimCl/DMSO亲水改性处理北大核心

采用离子液体BmimCl/DMSO混合体系对羊毛进行整理,以改善其亲水性能。通过SEM观察了处理前后羊毛纤维表面形态的变化,利用X射线衍射仪分析了羊毛纤维结晶度的变化,采用MIT测试了处理前后羊毛的机械性能损伤。结果表明:经过BmimCl/DMSO处理后,羊毛纤维表面部分鳞片层被剥除,纤维内部致密的二硫键交联网络和氢键结构被破坏,羊毛纤维的亲水性有较大提升,羊毛纱线的断裂延伸率明显提高。此外,用新诺伦中性红和酸性普拉红对处理前后的羊毛分别进行恒温染色。结果显示,由于经BmimCl/DMSO处理后羊毛纤维鳞片层被破坏,促进了染料分子向纤维内部扩散,使羊毛染色性能有较大提升。     

碱有机溶液法细化羊毛纤维

用6%KOH正丁醇溶液处理羊毛纤维,并用扫描电镜观察不同处理时间羊毛纤维的鳞片形态变化情况,测试处理前后羊毛纤维的细度、断裂强力和断裂伸长率等性能指标.研究表明,随着处理时间的延长,羊毛表面鳞片腐蚀效果明显,处理8.5h的羊毛纤维鳞片出现剥落现象;纤维的力学性能无明显破坏;纤维平均细度减小趋势显著.因此用KOH正丁醇溶液细化羊毛纤维是切实可行的.     

基于角蛋白酶与蛋白酶协同处理的羊毛织物防毡缩加工

为提高羊毛酶法防毡缩整理效果,采用一种枯草芽孢菌产角蛋白酶和Savinase蛋白酶进行了羊毛酶处理实验,考察二步法协同处理对羊毛减量效果的影响。结果表明,单一角蛋白酶对羊毛减量效果较低,但能促进后续蛋白酶处理效率的提高。与氧化和蛋白酶处理相结合的防毡缩方法相比,经角蛋白酶、蛋白酶二步处理后毛织物的减量率与毡缩率略低,润湿性与染色性能有所改善,纤维损伤较少。羊毛氨基酸分析结果表明,角蛋白酶、蛋白酶处理后毛纤维中胱氨酸相对质量浓度低于氧化与蛋白酶处理样,验证了角蛋白酶能促使鳞片层中胱氨酸残基二硫键还原与蛋白变性,利于后续蛋白酶加工中毛纤维表面鳞片蛋白水解。     

羊毛角蛋白粗溶液的制备及在毛织物防毡缩整理上的应用

以巯基乙酸为还原剂制备角蛋白粗溶液,为了使制备的角蛋白粗溶液中含有较多的大分子量的角蛋白,使其更有利于在羊毛纤维表面成膜,以温度、时间、pH值、还原剂的用量设计正交试验,分析反应因素对角蛋白分子量及羊毛分解率的影响.利用制备的角蛋白粗溶液处理羊毛织物,有效地减少了羊毛表面的定向摩擦效应和织物的毡缩性,并且对羊毛没有损伤.     

Frequency dependence of ultrasonic wool scouring

Conventional aqueous scouring of greasy wool promotes wool felting and can be energy and water intensive. Ultrasonic wool scouring could be an alternative technology to minimise the negative impact, provided that the cleaning efficiency and fibre quality are not compromised. This study examined the influence of ultrasonic irradiation frequency and ultrasonic power variations on wool scouring performance at different liquor ratios. Scoured fibre, residual ash content, residual grease content, whiteness and yellowness were evaluated. The impact of liquor degassing on wool scouring effectiveness was studied. Fibre surface damage was also assessed in this work. It was observed that while there was no significant influence of ultrasonic frequency on the whiteness or yellowness of the scoured fibres, wool scoured at frequencies of 28 kHz and 80 kHz had more grease and dirt removed than that scoured at 45 kHz. Low ultrasonic power and degassed bath liquor increased wool grease removal ability. Ultrasonic treatment caused scale cracking/peeling in some wool fibres. More severe cuticle damage was observed in fibres scoured at the lower frequency. This damage resulted in increased dye uptake by the fibres.     

羊毛角蛋白粗溶液的制备及在羊毛改性处理中的应用

以焦亚硫酸钠为还原剂制备角蛋白粗溶液,为使制备的角蛋白粗溶液中含有较多大分子量的角蛋白,使其更有利于在羊毛纤维表面成膜,以温度、时间、pH值、还原剂的用量设计正交试验,确定了最佳的提取工艺条件.利用角蛋白粗溶液处理羊毛纤维,有效的减少了羊毛表面的定向摩擦效应,并且对羊毛没有损伤.     

The Influence of the Coarse Wool Treatment on Fiber Structure and Physico-Mechanical Parameters

In this research, the influence of slendering on coarse wool fiber which then improved by m-TGase treatment was studied. The coarse wool fiber was first treated by reducing agent then it was stretched at different conditions over various periods of times and temperatures and finally steam set. The wool fibers were then tested for some mechanical and physical properties. To overcome tenacity loss of the fibers as a result of slendering treatment, after-treatment with microbial trans-glutaminases was examined. The results show that the fineness of the fiber was improved about 17% but the tenacity decreased about 15%. XRD analysis show that the degree of crystallinity related to stretching ratio and this increasing of stretching alters the degree of crystallinity. SEM shows that the cuticle of the treated samples causes excessive damage and the reducing agent can affect on wool surface. Furthermore, alkaline solubility was increased by reduction treatment, but m-TGase can compensate a little. The fiber yellowness was significantly decreased after slendering.     

Effects of ultrasonic treatment on wool fibre and fabric properties

The protein structures of wool, treated in fabric form with ultrasonics for different time durations, were analysed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), in comparison with the wool without ultrasonic treatment. Fabric water absorption and tensile properties were measured in addition to the fibre micro-structure analysis. It is shown that while the ultrasonic treatment had little effect on the fibre crystallinity, some chemical structures in the protein were altered to some extent during the process. Disruption of fibre internal waxy lipids upon ultrasonic treatment provided the fibres with increased water absorption. Protein chains in the macro fibrils were shown to be rearranged to a more regular and less flexible structure, as a result of the ultrasonic treatment. Fabric tensile tests showed an increased tenacity and a reduced extensibility to the ultrasonically treated fabric. Prolonged ultrasonic treatment, however, significantly reduced both fabric tenacity and extensibility.     

羊毛织物的酶整理新工艺研究

文章探讨了不同前处理剂、蛋白酶和TG酶对羊毛织物抗毡缩性能及对纤维损伤和织物强力等的影响.结果表明:通过TG酶的作用,可以提高织物的强力,降低纤维的碱溶度,使羊毛纤维的损伤得到补救;采用氧化前处理与蛋白酶及TG酶三者结合新工艺,可以在保证纤维损伤小的前提下,提高织物的抗毡缩性.     

Characterization of household care damage for shrink-proof wool fabrics北大核心

Seven kinds of knitting and weaving, wool and wool blended, common and shrink-proof fabrics are selected in this paper. All the fabrics are washed 5 and 10 cycles and their size, surface roughness, bursting strength and sodium hypochlorite solution weight loss rate have been tested. Besides, the mechanism of washing damage to the shrink-proof wool is also studied. The results show that shrinkproof finishing can improve the size stability and surface roughness. However, household care can cause the damage of wool fabrics, such as surface roughness, bursting strength and fiber structure damage. Physical damage is obvious in the first 5 cycle while structural damage changes significantly after washing 5 cycles. Washing process causes obvious change of the warp shrinkage to all fabrics. The resin scouring fabric has the lowest washing damage among the three shrink-proof finishing methods.