HACCP质量管理体系在葡萄酒生产中的应用

HACCP质量控制体系在葡萄酒生产中的应用包括:生产危害分析、确定关键控制点、制定HACCP系统档案记录及评估等.潜在的危害有生物性危害、化学性危害、物理性危害;关键控制点有原料的质量及清洗、设备的清洗及消毒、发酵的控制、倒酒、过滤、澄清等;HACCP体系控制表的内容有关键控制点(CCP)、显著危害、关键控制限度(CL)、监控措施、纠偏措施等项目;HACCP体系的系统档案包括原料的验收、清洗、发酵、倒酒、下胶、澄清、灌装等关键工序的记录、归档、保存等.     

家庭可制作的药膳菜肴——夏季清热除烦(二)

夏季养生食物选择夏天养心安神之品有茯苓、麦冬、小枣、莲子、百合、竹叶、柏子仁等,这些都能起到养心安神的作用。在饮食方面,应多吃小米、玉米、豆类、鱼类、洋葱、土豆、冬瓜、苦瓜、芹菜、芦笋、南瓜、香蕉、苹果等,少吃动物内脏、鸡蛋黄、肥肉、鱼子、虾等,少吃过咸的食物,如咸鱼、咸菜等。     

鲤鱼，想说爱你不容易

到澳大利亚,逛海鲜市场,品海鲜佳肴是必不可少的。澳大利亚的海鲜都是深海鱼类,这里的帝王蟹、龙虾、大钳龙虾、西部石龙虾、生蚝、鲜虾、鲍鱼、带子、吞拿鱼、三文鱼、沙丁鱼、鲑鱼、太阳鱼、鲈鱼、鳕鱼.     

来自巴西的报道——第29届家居用品展创历史新高

第29届家居用品博览会于8月落幕。本届展会的专业买家和观展人数创历史新高,共有来自巴西和世界各地25个国家的专业采购商和企业代表38640人出席了本届盛会,观众数量比预期的目标高出了10%,观众的地理分布涵盖阿根延、厄瓜多尔、巴拉圭、智利、中国、埃及、日本、美国、加拿大、墨西哥、法国、意大利、西班牙、荷兰、葡萄牙、英国、澳大利亚、以色列、印度、乌拉圭、危地马拦、玻利维亚、特立尼达和多巴哥等25个国家和地区。     

健康生活需常食“七辣”

日常饮食中有七种辣食有很好的保健养生作用,不妨根据自己身体的具体情况经常多吃一点。萝卜增强免疫力萝卜是一种廉价的蔬菜,营养却十分丰富。萝卜除了含有丰富的蛋白质、脂肪、食物纤维、维生素、钾、钠、钙、铁、锌外,还含有淀粉酶、氧化酶、胡萝卜素、甲硫素、菜菔甙、咖啡酸、香豆酸、阿魏酸等人体必需的成分。     

买手：操盘时尚的后台

成本、利润、预算、研发、定位、计划、结构、价格、物流、库存、数据、销售、陈列、店务……这些敏感的话题,都是服装企业家、设计师和经理人们在工作中要经常面对的问题,也是日复一日折磨着在路上前进着的中国服装品牌企业的难题。在专业买手的眼中,这些问题的答案是怎样的呢?     

陕北缸腌腊猪肉加工技术

<正>陕北家制“缸腌腊猪肉”是广泛流传于陕西省榆林地区的西部(包括榆林、定边、靖边、横山、米脂等县)及延安地区的西南部(包括延安、志丹、吴旗、安塞、富县、甘泉、黄龙、洛川、黄陵、宜君、宜川等县、市)等地区的     

金融海啸下的技术性贸易壁垒

自2008年9月金融海啸发生以来，截止到2009年2月13日，涉及轻工各行业的技术性贸易壁垒共有80件。在出口订单量减少的情况下，这些技术性贸易壁垒的出现，对轻工企业而言，更是雪上加霜。这80件技术性贸易壁垒发起的国家和地区有美国、欧盟、缅甸、马拉维：涉及的行业有玩具、家具、五金、家电、乳制品、化妆品、焙烤、工艺品、灯具、日化、饮料、糖果、体育用品、玻璃制品、蜡制品、电池、照明、陶瓷、制鞋、帽子、乐器、眼镜、文具、塑料共22个行业。其中玩具行业涉及案件26项；家具行业11项，五金行业10项，食品行业（饮料、乳制品、焙烤、糖果）8项，家电行业5项目。     

明代文人生活中的家具使用——闲情篇

闲情生活,是指文人追求闲淡和情趣的日常活动,如品茗和饮酒这两项典型的闲情生活,都注重生活细节的艺术化。"凡焚香、试茶、洗砚、鼓琴、校书、候月、听雨、浇花、高卧、勘方、经行、负喧、钓鱼、对话、漱泉、枝丈、礼佛、尝酒、宴坐、翻经、看山、临帖、刻竹、喂鹤,皆一人独享之乐。"——明陈继儒《太平清话》卷二1文人闲赏生活的心灵基础典型的中国文人士大夫的人格常常     

影响丝网印刷质量的因素及常见故障分析

<正>作为目前发展前景广阔的印刷工艺,丝网印刷的应用范围十分广泛:纸张、纸板、瓦楞纸、金属材料、建材、包装装潢材料、办公用品、智能标签、纺织品、衣服、T恤、仪表盘、测量设备、控制面板、电路板、广告、海报、玻璃、陶瓷制品和塑料等。同时,丝网印刷可以在平面上、各种规则和各种不规则曲面上实现。根据不同的承印物和印刷     

茶叶加工中品质关键组分的变化与调控机制

茶树起源于中国,茶叶是世界三大饮品之一.茶叶中富含茶多酚、蛋白质及氨基酸、生物碱、芳香族化合物、糖类、类脂化合物、维生素、无机物、叶绿素、酶等多种化合物.它们经过非发酵、微发酵、半发酵、全发酵及后发酵工艺,萎凋、杀青、揉捻、发酵、干燥等处理后,由于温度、压力、酶及微生物的作用,儿茶素在多酚氧化酶、过氧化物酶等的氧化聚合下分别形成茶黄素、茶红素、茶褐素等茶色素;β-D-糖苷类等香气前驱体在β-葡萄糖苷酶、β-樱草糖苷酶的作用下水解生成相应的醇类等香气物质;蛋白质水解成氨基酸,并形成不同的手性对映体,所以赋予茶叶特有的颜色、香气、滋味、外形以及其抑菌、抗病毒、抗氧化、防衰老、增强机体免疫、防癌抗癌、预防心脑血管疾病等功效,进而形成绿茶、白茶、黄茶、青茶、红茶、黑茶六大茶系.本文从茶叶成品色、香、味等关键组分入手,阐述其在加工过程中的变化规律和关键技术调控的相关性及存在问题,并探讨它们的形成机理,为提高茶叶品质提供理论依据.     

Toxic and trace elements in liver, kidney and meat from cattle slaughtered in Galicia (NW Spain)

The aims of this study were to determine the levels of some toxic and trace metals in cattle meat in Spain and to compare them with concentrations in cattle elsewhere and to maximum acceptable levels. Arsenic, cadmium, lead, copper and zinc concentrations in the liver, kidney and muscle (meat) from 438 calves (6-10 months old) and 56 cows (2-16 years old) slaughtered in Galicia (NW Spain) in 1996 were quantified. The arithmetic mean fresh weight concentrations in calf liver, kidney and muscle respectively were 0.043, 0.055, 0.004mg/kg for arsenic, 0.032, 0.070, 0.001 mg/kg for cadmium, 0.053, 0.052, 0.009 mg/kg for lead, 64.6, 4.91, 0.677mg/kg for copper and 47.7, 14.4, 47.8mg/kg for zinc. In cows, these concentrations were 0.046, 0.068, 0.005mg/kg (arsenic), 0.097, 0.458, 0.001mg/kg (cadmium), 0.057, 0.066, 0.017mg/kg (lead), 60.3, 3.67, 1.26 mg/kg (copper) and 59.8, 20.0, 52.7mg/kg (zinc). Except for copper levels in the liver which were high, metal concentrations in cattle were generally low in Galicia and broadly similar to those in the rest of Europe, Australia and Canada. Arsenic, cadmium and lead concentrations in Galician cattle rarely exceeded acceptable maximum concentrations that have been adopted by many countries. Copper and zinc concentrations in Galician cattle did exceed acceptable maximum concentrations but the frequency with which this occurred depended upon which acceptable maximum concentration was used; regulatory values differ markedly between countries.     

Post-Harvest Processing and Utilization of Sweet Potato: A Review

ABSTRACT

Sweet potato is a major root crop utilized widely for diverse food applications. Processing enables the usability of sweet potato in various forms for longer durations. Post-harvest processing of sweet potato involves grading and sorting, cleaning, peeling, drying or secondary processing and storage. Commercial utility of sweet potato is comprised of conventional and composite ingredient-based foods, starch, and industrial products. This review outlines the post-harvest processing practices and utilization of sweet potato. The present status of the sweet potato industry, processes, products, and machines, have been featured. In addition, challenging issues in the small-scale processing of sweet potato are discussed.

Abbreviations: %: percentage, °C: degree Celsius, cm: centimeter, cv: Cultivar, e.g: example, g: gram, h: hour, Hg: Mercury, Hz: hertz, kg: kilogram, kGy: kilo gray, kPa: kilopascal, kV: kilovolt, L: liter, LDL-C: Low-density lipoprotein Cholesterol, m: meter, MAP: Modified Atmosphere Package, MHz: Megahertz, min: minute, mm: millimeter, mol: mole, MPa: Mega Pascal, MW: Megawatt, NaOH: Sodium hydroxide, nm: nanometer, Pa: Pascal, RH: Relative Humidity, rpm: revolutions per minute, s: second, sp: Species, t: metric ton, USA: United States of America, USDA: United States Department of Agriculture, v: volume, w: weight     

Applications of emerging imaging techniques for meat quality and safety detection and evaluation: A review

With improvement in people's living standards, many people nowadays pay more attention to quality and safety of meat. However, traditional methods for meat quality and safety detection and evaluation, such as manual inspection, mechanical methods, and chemical methods, are tedious, time-consuming, and destructive, which cannot meet the requirements of modern meat industry. Therefore, seeking out rapid, non-destructive, and accurate inspection techniques is important for the meat industry. In recent years, a number of novel and noninvasive imaging techniques, such as optical imaging, ultrasound imaging, tomographic imaging, thermal imaging, and odor imaging, have emerged and shown great potential in quality and safety assessment. In this paper, a detailed overview of advanced applications of these emerging imaging techniques for quality and safety assessment of different types of meat (pork, beef, lamb, chicken, and fish) is presented. In addition, advantages and disadvantages of each imaging technique are also summarized. Finally, future trends for these emerging imaging techniques are discussed, including integration of multiple imaging techniques, cost reduction, and developing powerful image-processing algorithms.     

海洋生物苷肽天然铁调味汁与市售铁强化酱油的铁吸收率试验及铁高吸收率结果的机理探究

由扇贝、海带生产的海洋生物营养均衡[1]、含天然铁的调味汁,富含磺酸岩藻糖苷多肽聚合物(简称"苷肽")、扇贝多肽、牛磺酸、精氨酸、赖氨酸、硒、锰、钙、锌、镁、碘、钾、铜、钴和VA、Vc、VB12等维生素族群、以及20余种海洋生物氨基酸等营养元素.铁缺乏和缺铁性贫血是我国普遍存在的营养问题.目前市场上的铁酱油主要靠添加NaFeEDTA形成含铁酱油,其主要缺点有:肠胃不良反应、吸收率不高、口感不佳等等.就海洋生物调味汁与天然铁、均衡营养和特殊因子相结合,形成铁吸收速度较快,在血内存留时间较长的试验结果和原理做出了阐述.     

Quality attributes and their relations in fresh black ripe ‘Kalamon’ olives (Olea europaea L.) for table use – phenolic compounds and total antioxidant capacity

Quality attributes were investigated in fresh Greek black table ‘Kalamon’ olives prior to processing. Fruit weight, dimensions, respiration and ethylene production rates, firmness, peel colour, moisture, oil content, total antioxidant capacity (TAC), the concentration of total phenolics (TP) and phenolic compounds (hydroxytyrosol, oleuropein, tyrosol, verbascoside, luteolin‐7‐O‐glucoside, luteolin, rutin) were determined in olives from different orchards. There was a significant effect of orchard on most attributes, but not on fruit firmness. Verbascoside, oleuropein and hydroxytyrosol were the major phenolics, and the presence of verbascoside in ‘Kalamon’ olives is revealed for the first time. Positive correlations were found among fruit weight, dimensions, respiration and ethylene. TAC was positively related mainly to TP, hydroxytyrosol, verbascoside and rutin, but inversely to oleuropein. Luteolin was inversely related to luteolin‐7‐O‐glucoside. Colour darkening was directly related to TAC, while colour parameters were positively and moderately affected by oil and moisture.     

采前喷施壳聚糖复合膜对猕猴桃软腐病的防控及其保鲜作用

以‘贵长’猕猴桃为试材,通过病原菌分离、致病性测定和DNA测序鉴定了修文县猕猴桃软腐病病原菌,并选用壳聚糖、钙盐和糊精分别与茶多酚、甘氨酸、柠檬酸、抗菌肽混合制备和筛选了复合膜剂,研究了采前幼果期和壮果末期果面喷施壳聚糖复合膜对猕猴桃软腐病的防控及其保鲜作用。结果表明,修文县猕猴桃软腐病病原菌为葡萄座腔菌（Botryosphaeria dothidea）和拟茎点霉菌（Phomopsis sp.）;采前喷施不同壳聚糖复合膜对其软腐病的防效均达60%以上（添加茶多酚防效86.54%、甘氨酸防效61.54%、柠檬酸防效71.15%、抗菌肽防效69.23%）,显著降低丙二醛（MDA）积累,提高果实的超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）和过氧化物酶（POD）活性,诱导增强果实的抗病性。同时,该复合膜能有效地增加果实单果质量和体积,显著提高果实VC、可溶性固形物、可溶性总糖、可滴定酸、叶绿素和蛋白质的含量,促进猕猴桃产量的增加和品质的改善。此外,施用该复合膜还能有效提高和维持果实硬度、降低果实呼吸强度以及果实质量损失率和营养物质的损失,明显抑制果实可溶性固形物和可溶性总糖含量的上升速率和延缓组织的衰老软化,从而提高了猕猴桃耐贮性。研究结果为猕猴桃优质栽培、病害有机防控和果实绿色保鲜提供了科学依据和新途径。     

Bioactive Components and Health-Promoting Properties of Yuzu (Citrus ichangensis × C. reticulate)

Yuzu (Citrus ichangensis × C. reticulate) fruit is an important functional food that possesses several health-promoting properties. It has been widely used in commercial medical products, healthy foods, and cosmetics in many countries. Yuzu is a rich source of wide variety of non-nutritive compounds, such as flavonoids, anthocyanins, phenolic acids, carotenoids, and tannins; as well as nutritive compounds such as sugars, proteins, vitamins, fibers, and minerals. Yuzu fruit (juice, peel, and seeds) and its bioactive compounds have been demonstrated to have numerous functional properties, such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antiplatelet, angiogenesis, and antimicrobial properties, both in vitro and in vivo. These diverse applications provided by the yuzu fruit (juice, peel, and seeds) and its bioactive compounds are of great industrial importance. This review summarizes the composition, nutritional values, and functional properties of yuzu fruit, and their biological activity in relation to their potential impact on human health.     

Effects of Dietary Components on Cancer of the Digestive System

Cancer is the second leading cause of death in developed countries and poor diet and physical inactivity are major risk factors in cancer-related deaths. Therefore, interventions to reduce levels of smoking, improve diet, and increase physical activity must become much higher priorities in the general population's health and health care systems. The consumption of fruit and vegetables exerts a preventive effect towards cancer and in recent years natural dietary agents have attracted great attention in the scientific community and among the general public. Foods, such as tomatoes, olive oil, broccoli, garlic, onions, berries, soy bean, honey, tea, aloe vera, grapes, rosemary, basil, chili peppers, carrots, pomegranate, and curcuma contain active components that can influence the initiation and the progression of carcinogenesis, acting on pathways implied in cell proliferation, apoptosis and metastasis. The present review illustrates the main foods and their active components, including their antioxidant, cytotoxic, and pro-apoptotic properties, with a particular focus on the evidence related to cancers of the digestive system.