超声波技术提取栀子总甾醇工艺研究

通过超声波技术提取栀子甾醇工艺研究,探讨不同提取剂、提取剂用量、提取时间、次数及超声波功率对提取效果影响;采用正交法确定最佳工艺条件:超声波功率100W,石油醚作为提取剂,料液比1∶8,提取1次,超声波处理时间为25min,在此最佳工艺条件下,栀子甾醇提取率为3.12mg/g。     

超声波法提取猕猴桃籽油工艺研究

通过超声波技术提取猕猴桃籽油工艺研究,探讨不同提取剂,提取剂用量、提取时间、次数及超声波功率对提取效果影响;采用正交法确定最佳工艺条件:超声波功率250W,石油醚作为提取剂、物料比1:8、提取2次,每次20 min。     

超声波提取红牡丹色素的工艺研究

以红牡丹为原料,用酸水作提取剂,探讨了超声波提取红牡丹红色素的工艺条件,分析了超声波功率、提取时间、提取温度等因素对红牡丹红色素提取效果的影响,运用正交实验L9(33)确定了最佳提取工艺条件。结果显示,超声波提取红牡丹红色素的最佳工艺条件为:超声功率50 W、超声温度45℃、超声时间20 min。     

南瓜多糖提取方法比较

通过比较水浸提法、有机溶剂沉淀法以及超声波提取法，确定南瓜多糖最佳提取方法为超声波法。进一步通过对超声波提取南瓜多糖工艺条件进行单因素和正交试验分析，得出最佳工艺参数：超声波功率400W，料液比（g／mL）1：4，作用时间28min，提取温度60℃。     

超声波提取小叶榕叶总黄酮工艺研究

以小叶榕叶为原料，用正交试验法优化小叶榕叶总黄酮的超声波提取工艺，考察超声波作用时间、超声波功率、液料比和乙醇浓度4个因素对小叶榕叶总黄酮提取率的影响，确定小叶榕叶总黄酮的优化超声波提取工艺条件为：提取溶剂60％乙醇，料液比1：30，超声波功率为240w，超声波作用时间20min。将该法与常规热提取法进行对比。结果表明，超声波提取小叶榕叶总黄酮的提取率比常规热提取的提取率要高，而且超声波提取所用提取时间短，提取溶剂用量少。     

响应面法优化翻白草中总黄酮超声波提取工艺的研究

为了探索超声波提取翻白草中总黄酮的最佳提取工艺。采用响应面分析法对乙醇浓度、超声波时间、超声波功率和固液比等提取条件进行优化。结果表明,曲面回归方程拟合性好;优化工艺为乙醇体积分数为90%、提取功率为720W、提取时间为35min、剂料比为30mL/g时,对黄酮提取率最高达2.86%。     

应用二次回归正交旋转组合设计优化五倍子多糖提取工艺

考察时间、温度、料液比、粉碎度及超声功率五个单因素对超声波提取五倍子多糖的影响，并采用二次回归正交旋转组合设计优化多糖提取率的最佳提取时间、料液比、超声功率条件的试验回归方程，确定超声波提取五倍子多糖的最佳工艺条件为：提取时间30min，料液比1：20，超声功率300W。     

超声波微波协同提取海蒿子多糖工艺

目的：建立海蒿子多糖超声波-微波协同提取工艺,提高海蒿子多糖的提取率。方法：利用硫酸-苯酚法考察正交试验在不同粒度、提取时间、料液比、超声波功率、微波功率条件下多糖提取率,选出最佳超声波-微波协同提取工艺。结果：最佳提取工艺为粒度40目、提取时间20min、料液比1:25(g/mL)、超声波功率75%、微波功率200W,其中粒度对多糖提取率的影响最大。结论：超声波-微波协同提取能缩短提取时间并提高海蒿子多糖提取率。     

超声波提取茶叶中叶黄素的工艺研究

以鲜茶叶真空冻干粉为原料，探明了超声波强化四氢吠喃提取叶黄素的工艺条件。任确定了适合提取料液比后，采用正交试验研究了超声波功率、提取温度、超声作用时间对提取量的影响。结果显示，较理想的提取条件为：超声波功率500W、提取温度40℃、超声波作用时间20min，在此条件下叶黄素提取量最高。通过方差分析可知，温度的影响达到T0．05碾著水平。     

超声波辅助法提取南瓜中番茄红素的工艺研究

采用超声波辅助法研究了南瓜中番茄红素的提取工艺,探讨了超声温度、超声时间、超声功率、提取剂用量对南瓜中番茄红素提取率的影响。进一步通过响应面分析试验,得出了各因素对番茄红素提取率的影响顺序为:超声功率超声温度提取剂用量超声时间,确定了超声波辅助法提取南瓜中番茄红素的较佳工艺条件为超声功率140 W、超声温度37℃、提取剂用量为275 m L/g、超声时间9 min,在此条件下,南瓜粉中番茄红素的提取率达到0.489 2 mg/g。     

Textural Properties of Cold-set Gels Induced from Heat-denatured Whey Protein Isolates

A 9% whey protein (WP) isolate solution at pH 7.0 was heat-denatured at 80°C for 30 min. Size-exclusion HPLC showed that native WP formed soluble aggregates after heat-treatment. Additions of CaCl2 (10–40 mM), NaCl (50–400 mM) or glucono-delta-lactone (GDL, 0.4–2.0%, w/v) or hydrolysis by a protease from Bacillus licheniformis caused gelation of the denatured solution at 45°C. Textural parameters, hardness, adhesiveness, and cohesiveness of the gels so formed changed markedly with concentration of added salts or pH by added GDL. Maximum gel hardness occurred at 200 mM NaCl or pH 4.7. Increasing CaCl2 concentration continuously increased gel hardness. Generally, GDL-induced gels were harder than salt-induced gels, and much harder than the protease-induced gel.     

Occurrence of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in fish canned in oil

The levels of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) were quantified as part of a European survey on the migration of residues of epoxy resins into oil from canned fish. The contents of BFDGE in cans, lids and fish collected from all 15 Member States of the European Union and Switzerland were analysed in 382 samples. Cans and lids were separately extracted with acetonitrile. The extraction from fish was carried out with hexane followed by re-extraction with acetonitrile. The analysis was performed by reverse phase HPL C with fluorescence detection. BFDGE could be detected in 12% of the fish, 24% of the cans and 18% of the lids. Only 3% of the fish contained BFDGE in concentrations considerably above 1mg/kg. In addition to the presented data, a comparison was made with the levels of BADGE (bisphenol-A-diglycidyl ether)analysed in the same products in the context of a previous study.     

Contribution of European research to risk analysis

The European Commission's, Quality of Life Research Programme, Key Action 1—Health, Food & Nutrition is mission-oriented and aims, amongst other things, at providing a healthy, safe and high-quality food supply leading to reinforced consumer confidence in the safety of European food. Its objectives also include the enhancing of the competitiveness of the European food supply. Key Action 1 is currently supporting a number of different types of European collaborative projects in the area of risk analysis. The objectives of these projects range from the development and validation of prevention strategies including the reduction of consumers risks; development and validation of new modelling approaches; harmonization of risk assessment principles, methodologies, and terminology; standardization of methods and systems used for the safety evaluation of transgenic food; providing of tools for the evaluation of human viral contamination of shellfish and quality control; new methodologies for assessing the potential of unintended effects of genetically modified (genetically modified) foods; development of a risk assessment model for Cryptosporidium parvum related to the food and water industries; to the development of a communication platform for genetically modified organism, producers, retailers, regulatory authorities and consumer groups to improve safety assessment procedures, risk management strategies and risk communication; development and validation of new methods for safety testing of transgenic food; evaluation of the safety and efficacy of iron supplementation in pregnant women; evaluation of the potential cancer-preventing activity of pro- and pre-biotic ('synbiotic') combinations in human volunteers. An overview of these projects is presented here.     

低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性

为研究低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性,以经低温脱脂的带皮菜籽粕为原料,经微粉碎后筛分成212~425μm、150~212μm和106~150μm的3个不同粒级的微粉样品,检测这些样品的吸水性、吸油性、乳化性和乳化稳定性、蛋白质体外消化率。结果表明:1 3个不同粒级的微粉样品之间的粗纤维含量存在显著差异,表明三者的结构组成成分有一定差异。23个微粉样品的乳化活性和乳化稳定性随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。33个微粉样品的蛋白质体外消化率随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。4不同粒级带皮菜籽粕微粉样品的吸水性与吸油性受其结构组成物质不同和粒度的双重影响,与粒度的相关性不明显。     

Microbiology of food taints

Fresh and processed foods are often spoilt by the presence of undesirable flavours and odours caused by microbial action. The aim of this paper is to review the current knowledge of microbiologically induced taints that occur in a wide range of foodstuffs, including meats, poultry, fish, crustaceans, milk, dairy products, fruits, vegetables, cereals and cereal products. Examples have been chosen where the compounds responsible for the taint have been identified and sufficient data obtained to demonstrate the involvement of microorganisms. However, in some cases the full identity of the causative organism may not have been elucidated. The types of microorganisms covered by this review include bacteria, fungi, yeasts, actinomycetes and cyanobacteria. Although cyanobacteria do not in general infect foods, their presence in aqueous systems and water supplies can lead to off-flavours in aquatic organisms and processed foodstuffs. Several examples of each of these processes are discussed. Wherever possible, the likely biosynthetic pathway used by the microorganism to produce the offending compound in a foodstuff is indicated.     

Analysis for organic residues from aids to polymerization used to make plastics intended for food contact

Polymers intended for food contact use have been analysed for organic residues which could be attributed to a range of substances employed as polymerization aids (e.g. initiators and catalysts). A wide range of polymers was extracted with solvents and the extracts analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The overwhelming majority of substances identified were not derived from aids to polymerization but were oligomers, additives and adventitious contaminants. However, a small number of substances were identified as initiator residues. These included tetramethylsuccinonitrile (TMSN) which was observed in two polymers and it derived from recombination of two azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) initiator radicals. Methyl benzoate, benzoic acid, biphenyl and phenyl benzoate were detected in one poly(methyl methacrylate) sample and in two polyvinylchlorides and they are thought to be derived from benzoyl peroxide initiator. TMSN was subsequently targeted for analysis of poly-(methyl methacrylate) plastics using proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry (¹     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part II: Medium molecular weight permeants

Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of different medium molecular weight model permeants: bisphenol A, warfarin and anthracene, from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 microns-thick orientated polypropylene--OPP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. The characterization of permeation kinetics generally observed the permeation models previously reported to explain the experimental permeation results obtained for a low molecular weight group of model permeants. In general, the model permeants exhibited behaviour consistent with their relative molecular weights with respect to (a) the time taken to attain steady-state permeation into the food simulant in which they were more soluble, (b) their subsequent steady-state permeation rates, and (c) their partition between liquid paraffin and the OPP membrane.     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. I: Interlaboratory studies of methods of analysis

This paper describes the first part of a project undertaken to develop mussel reference materials for Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning (PSP) toxins. Two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin (STX) and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin (dc-STX) in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the second part of the project: the certification exercise. In the first study, 18 laboratories were asked to measure STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and to identify as many other PSP toxins as possible with a method of their choice. In the second interlaboratory study, 15 laboratories were additionally asked to determine quantitatively STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The first study revealed that three out of four postcolumn derivatization methods and one pre-column derivatization method sufficed in principle to determine STX and dc-STX. Most participants (13 of 18) obtained acceptable calibration curves and recoveries. Saxitoxin was hardly detected in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels and results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 58% at a mass fraction of 1.86 mg/kg. Most participants (14 out of 18) identified gonyautoxin-5 (GTX-5) in a hydrolysed extract provided. The first study led to provisional criteria for linearity, recovery and separation. The second study revealed that 6 out of 15 laboratories were able to meet these criteria. Results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 3.49mg/kg. Results obtained for STX in the saxitoxin-enriched material yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 0.34mg/kg. Saxitoxin could not be detected in the PSP-positive material. Hydrolysis was useful to confirm the identity of GTX5 and provided indicative information about C1 and C2 toxins in the PSP-positive material. The methods used in the second interlaboratory study showed sufficiently consistent analysis results to undertake a certification exercise to assign certified values for STX and dc-STX in lyophilized mussel.     

The Ministry of Environmental Protection Issued "Feasible Technology Guidelines for Pollution Prevention and Control in Wood Pulping Process of the Paper Industry (Trial)" and Two Other Guiding Technical Documents

On December 27t＂, 2013, the Ministry of Environmenta Protection announced that, in order to implement ＂The Environmental Protection Law of the People＇ s Republic of China＂, improve the working system in environmenta protection technologies, and promote technologica advancement in pollution prevention, the Ministry of Environmental Protection sponsored the formulation of three guiding technical documents including ＂Feasible Technology Guidelines for Pollution Prevention and Contro n Wood Pulping Process of the Paper Industry （Trial）＂     

1~(st) Intelli-Tissue~ EcoEc Tissue Machine Supplied by PMP Group Successfully Put into Operation in China

正On April 29th,2014,Intelli-Tissue EcoEc tissue machine supplied by PMP Group successfully put into operation at Hebei Xuesong Paper Co.,Ltd.,this is the first such kind of paper machine of PMP Group in China.