密蒙花化学成分及生物活性研究进展

密蒙花为马钱科醉鱼草属植物密蒙花的干燥花蕾及花序。研究报道密蒙花中主要含有黄酮类、苯乙醇苷类、三萜类等化学成分。对密蒙花的化学成分及其治疗眼部疾病、抗炎、降糖等生物活性等研究进展进行综述,旨在更好的开发利用该植物。     

柑橘属药食同源植物次生代谢物及生物活性研究进展

柑橘属植物是重要的药食同源植物。枳壳、枳实、佛手、枳雀、化橘红和广陈皮是常见的柑橘属药食同源植物制品,含有丰富的类黄酮、香豆素、生物碱、类柠檬苦素和挥发油等活性成分,具有抗氧化、抗炎、降血脂、抗抑郁和止咳化痰等多种生物活性,被广泛应用于保健品、食品和医药等领域中。这6 种药食同源制品均源自柑橘属植物果实,但各自活性成分组成存在差异,临床功效也不同,目前尚缺乏系统的归纳和比较。本文系统地比较了它们的活性成分和生物活性,以期为柑橘属植物资源的进一步研究与合理利用提供理论依据。     

山芹属植物有效成分研究进展

山芹属植物隶属于伞形目伞形科,在我国分布较为广泛,大部分为野外生长后食用。随着人们对健康的日益重视,山野菜资源越来越多地被人们所关注。山芹属植物富含黄酮、多糖和挥发油等有效成分,其营养价值高于普通芹菜,具有抗肿瘤、抗炎、舒张血管和抗虫等生物活性,有很大的药用及食用价值,可根据其特点采用不同方式对有效物质进行提取并研究。该文概括总结山芹属植物中主要有效成分的提取方法和生物活性方面的研究进展,旨在为山芹属植物在医药和食品等方面的开发应用提供参考。     

软枣猕猴桃植物化学成分及生物活性研究进展

软枣猕猴桃植物是猕猴桃属的大型落叶藤本植物,在我国分布广泛,共有6个变种,目前该植物中以报道的化合物包括三萜、黄酮、多糖、挥发油等,其生物活性主要有抗氧化、抗炎、抗肿瘤、降血糖、降血脂、抗疲劳等。该文概述软枣猕猴桃果实、根、茎、花的化学成分及生物活性的最新研究进展,为进一步深入的研究与开发利用提供参考。     

酸浆属植物多糖化学与生物活性研究进展

多糖是酸浆属植物的主要有效成分之一,具有抗氧化、降血糖、降血脂、免疫调节、改善肠道微生态等多种生物活性,在食品及生物医药领域具有广阔的应用前景。该文主要对近20年已报道的酸浆属植物多糖提取方法、结构表征及生物活性相关研究进行梳理,以期为该属植物及其多糖类成分的进一步开发利用提供参考和借鉴。     

月见草素B及其生物活性研究进展

月见草素B(Oenothein B,OEB),最初是从月见草属植物中分离得到的一种大环二聚体单宁。早期研究多关注OEB体内外抗肿瘤活性,现代研究表明其具有抗炎、免疫调节以及抗氧化等多种生物活性。目前,国内外关于OEB的研究性论文缺少归纳总结,其生物活性及机理研究不够系统和深入。本文旨在综述OEB及其生物活性研究进展,为其进一步研究与应用提供思路。     

红树植物的化学成分及其生物活性研究进展

由于红树植物独特的生长环境、近年来红树科属植物的化学成分和生理活性的研究已成为热点,从中发现许多结构新颖、有强烈生物活性的化合物。综述红树科属植物化学成分及生物活性的研究进展,并在此基础上对红树植物的综合利用进行展望,旨在为该属植物的进一步研究与利用提供参考。     

青兰属植物的化学成分及药理作用研究进展

唇形科(Labiatae)青兰属(Dracocephalum)植物约有60种,主要分布于亚洲温带,化学成分主要包括挥发油类、黄酮及黄酮苷类、植物甾醇及三萜类、有机酸及酯类等,具有抗缺氧、抗氧化、保护心血管、抗肿瘤和清除自由基等多种药理作用,近年来对其化学成分的研究受到很大的关注。本文综述主要青兰属植物的化学成分和药理活性的研究进展。     

肉苁蓉生物活性成分及功效的研究进展

肉苁蓉作为中国传统医学的药材，被收载于《中国药典》之中，使用历史悠久，临床疗效明确，毒副作用较小，素有“沙漠人参”之称。肉苁蓉中含有多种生物活性成分，如松果菊苷、毛蕊花糖苷、木脂素类、环烯醚萜类、甜菜碱等。现代药理学研究证实，肉苁蓉中的生物活性成分具有润肠通便、延缓衰老、保肝护肝、缓解体力疲劳等功效。文章从肉苁蓉属植物生物活性成分种类、数量以及肉苁蓉生物活性成分所具有的功效2个方面进行论述。以期为肉苁蓉后续的生物活性成分提取及产品研发提供一定的思路及依据。     

紫花苜蓿化学成分及其生物活性研究进展

紫花苜蓿为豆科苜蓿属植物,主要含有三萜皂苷类、黄酮类、香豆素类和生物碱类等化学成分,具有抗菌、杀虫、抗氧化、降血脂和抗肿瘤等生物活性。紫花苜蓿在食品保健以及医药领域有着十分重要的开发与利用价值,本文系统归纳了其化学成分和生物活性方面的研究进展,同时对紫花苜蓿在食品和药品领域的应用进行了展望。     

蕨菜化学成分及其生物活性研究进展

蕨菜作为药食两用植物,营养丰富,具有多种生物活性。文章总结了蕨菜化学成分及生物活性的相关研究,旨在为其进一步开发利用提供参考。     

Bioactivities,biosynthesis and biotechnological production of phenolic acids in Salvia miltiorrhiza

ABSTRACT

Salvia miltiorrhiza (Danshen in Chinese), is a well-known traditional Chinese medicinal plant, which is used as not only human medicine but also health-promotion food. Danshen has been extensively used for the treatment of various cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. As a major group of bioactive constituents from S. miltiorrhiza, water-soluble phenolic acids such as salvianolic acid B possessed good bioactivities including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer and other health-promoting activities. It is of significance to improve the production of phenolic acids by modern biotechnology approaches to meet the increasing market demand. Significant progresses have been made in understanding the biosynthetic pathway and regulation mechanism of phenolic acids in S.miltiorrhiza, which will facilitate the process of targeted metabolic engineering or synthetic biology. Furthermore, multiple biotechnology methods such as in vitro culture, elicitation, hairy roots, endophytic fungi and bioreactors have been also used to obtain pharmaceutically active phenolic acids from S. miltiorrhiza. In this review, recent advances in bioactivities, biosynthetic pathway and biotechnological production of phenolic acid ingredients were summarized and future prospective was also discussed.     

花椒的化学成分、药理作用及其资源开发的研究进展

花椒是一种具有较高的食用和药用价值的植物资源,含有多种对人体有益的活性成分,具有抗菌、抗肿瘤、抗氧化等保健作用,有较好的临床应用价值和研发潜力。文章介绍了花椒的化学成分,药理作用及开发利用状况,旨在促进花椒的开发利用。     

桔梗的化学成分、药理作用及资源开发的研究进展

桔梗是一种具有较高的食用和药用价值的植物资源,含有多种对人体有益的活性成分,具有抗菌、抗肿瘤、抗氧化等保健作用,有较好的临床应用价值和研发潜力.文章介绍了桔梗的功效成分,保健作用及开发利用状况,旨在促进桔梗的开发利用.     

原花青素的生物活性研究

综述了近年来，植物中的提取物一原花青素在生物活性方面的研究：抗氧化、抗衰老作用；对心脏灌注损伤的保护作用；对肝脏细胞的保健作用；抗炎作用；抗肿瘤作用；抗诱变作用；DNA损伤的保护作用等，提示此类成分具有较高的生物活性及开发价值。     

姜黄的化学成分、药理作用及其资源开发的研究进展

姜黄是一种具有较高的食用和药用价值的植物资源,含有多种对人体有益的活性成分,具有抗菌、抗肿瘤、抗氧化等保健作用,有较好的临床应用价值和研发潜力。文章介绍了姜黄的化学成分,药理作用及开发利用状况,旨在促进姜黄的开发利用。     

胡椒的功能因子、保健功能及其资源开发研究进展

胡椒是一种具有较高的食用和药用价值的植物资源,含有多种对人体有益的活性成分,具有抗菌、抗肿瘤、抗氧化等保健作用,有较好的临床应用价值和研发潜力。文章介绍了胡椒的化学成分,保健作用及开发利用状况,旨在促进胡椒的开发利用。     

Evidence for Contributions of Interactions of Constituents to the Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Hypericum Perforatum

Hypericum perforatum (Hp) extracts contain many different classes of constituents including flavonoids and biflavonoids, phloroglucinols, naphthodianthrones, caffeic acid derivatives, and unknown and/or unidentified compounds. Many constituents may be responsible for the anti-inflammatory activity of Hp including quercetin and derivatives, hyperforin, pseudohypericin, and amentoflavone. In line with antidepressant data, it appears that the interactions of constituents may be important for the anti-inflammatory activity of Hp. Interactions of constituents, tested in bioavailability models, may explain why synergistic mechanisms have been found to be important for antidepressant and antiproliferative bioactivities. This review highlights the relationship among individual constituents and the anti-inflammatory activity of Hp extracts and proposes that interactions of constituents may be important for the anti-inflammatory activity of botanical extracts, although the exact mechanisms of the interactions are still unclear.     

Phenolic Compounds and Bioactivities of Pigmented Rice

The pigmented rice has been consumed in China, Japan, and Korea for a long time. It has been used for strengthening kidney function, treating anemia, promoting blood circulation, removing blood stasis, treating diabetes, and ameliorating sight in traditional Chinese medicine. The extracts from pigmented rice are used as natural food colorants in bread, ice cream, and liquor as well as functional food. The pigmented rice is mainly black, red, and dark purple rice, and contains a variety of flavones, tannin, phenolics, sterols, tocols, γ-oryzanols, amino acids, and essential oils. Anthocyanins are thought as major functional components of pigmented rice. Several anthocyanins have been isolated and identified from the pigmented rice, including cyanidin 3-glucoside, cyanidin 3-galactoside, cyanidin 3-rutinoside, cyanidin 3,5-diglucoside, malvidin 3-galactoside, peonidin 3-glucoside, and pelargonidin 3,5-diglucoside. This review provides up-to-date coverage of pigmented rice in regard to bioactive constituents, extraction and analytical methods, and bioactivities. Special attention is paid to the bioactivities including antioxidant and free radical scavenging, antitumor, antiatherosclerosis, hypoglycemic, and antiallergic activities.     

Sulfated modification of polysaccharides: Synthesis,characterization and bioactivities

BackgroundPolysaccharides are a kind of biological macromolecular substance with multiple biological effects. Natural polysaccharides derived from plants and fungi are known as ideal raw food supplements for health food and pharmaceuticals due to their few side effects. Sulfated modification could significantly improve structure characteristics, promote bioactivities, and even add new bioactivities to polysaccharides. Thus, sulfated polysaccharides are increasingly causing more attention, as they have been proved to possess a variety of biological activities, including antioxidant, anticancer, and immunoregulatory, and anticoagulant activities. Furthermore, recent advances in synthesis, characterization and bioactivities of sulfated polysaccharides can promote its application in the food industry or pharmaceutics.Scope and approachThis paper reviewed the main methods of sulfated modification, structural changes and the bioactivities of sulfated polysaccharide derivatives. We have comprehensively discussed biological activities of sulfated polysaccharides, emphatically the effects of sulfated group, composition, functional groups, as well as their replaced position on the bioactivities of sulfated polysaccharides, in order to reveal the potential mechanism of sulfation on bioactivities of polysaccharides.Key findings and conclusionsThis paper reviewed the recent research in the sulfated modification of polysaccharides and provided future directions for research in this area. There are many methods for sulfated modification, such as chlorosulfonic acid-pyridine method, concentrated sulfuric acid method, and sulfur trioxide-pyridine method, which could improve anti-coagulant, anti-oxidative, immunoregulation, anti-tumor, and anti-virus activities of polysaccharides. Sulfated modification could change bioactivities of polysaccharides due to their effects on structure characteristics. DS, monosaccharide compositions, replaced position of sulfated groups were considered to contribute to their bioactivities promotion. Further studies are required to explore the application of sulfated polysaccharides in pharmaceutical and food industries.