荔枝核发酵酒精的工艺研究

利用荔枝核进行酒精发酵，对蒸煮、液化、糖化和发酵等工艺进行了研究。结果表明，荔枝核经干燥粉碎后加水比为1：4，用硫酸调节pH到2．0后，再110～120℃高温高压蒸煮1h，再调节pu到6．0，添加α-淀粉酶40u／g进行液化，调节pH到4．0，添加糖化酶120u／g进行糖化，随后接种安琪超级酿酒酵母0．04％，在温度为30℃条件下发酵，可使酒精得率最高。在发酵过程中添加适量硫酸铵可加快发酵速度，缩短发酵时间。     

棉秆烧碱-蒽醌法纸浆DQP短程序漂白工艺的研究

研究了棉秆浆无元素氯短程序DQP漂白各段工艺条件。研究结果显示，D段在用氯量1％时能获得较好的漂白效果，白度可以达到75％ISO以上；D段在其它条件不变时，硫酸用量在2．5％以内用量越多漂白效果越好，但是纤维降解增加，硫酸用量不宜超过1．5％；P段中的NaOH用量为1％时漂白效果较好，P段H2O2用量超过1.5％以上白度几乎不再提高，而纸浆粘度和尘埃度随着H2O2用量增加继续下降。     

糖蜜酒精生产中几个问题的探讨

糖蜜原料生产酒精制品历史悠久，目前许多糖厂均设有酒精车间。但随着制糖技术的进步，搪蜜原料的成分（性质）已发生很大的变化，而酒精生产工艺变化却不大；环境保护要求的提高，进一步对酒精生产工艺的变革提出了新的要求。本文就酒精生产的某些问题进行了初步的探讨。1选育优良菌种适于糖蜜酒精发酵的菌种很多，大部分为酵母。目前生产中广泛使用的酵母包括流．2．1189（古巴1号）、AS21190（古巴11号）、）II405、甘化1号、AS，2119（台湾396酵母）等。有些厂采用混合酵母进行酒精发酵也取得了较好的效果，如广东湛江地区利用古巴1…     

试点评食用酒精GB10343-2002理化指标

GB10343－2002与GB10343－89相比，理论指标作了大幅度的调整。1，将乙醇含量分为3个等级。2，硫酸试验中将普级酒精由80号改为60号。3，普级酒精氧化时间由15min改为20min，特级酒精为40min。4，增加了正丙醇指标；将普级酒精“异丁醇＋异戊醇”由80mg/L改为30mg/L。5，甲醇含量优级酒精≤50mg/L；普级≤150mg/L .6,增加酯的指标。。7，严格规定了特级酒精的理化指标。新国标更有利于提高酒精纯净度，改善感官质量，向纯净，优质，卫生发展。     

营养素对苹果酒中结合SO2影响的研究

研究SO2在果酒酿制中的变化规律以及如何降低果酒中的SO2使用量是果酒食品安全的重要课题。本文利用单因素试验和二次通用旋转组合设计研究了磷酸氢二铵、硫酸铵、硫胺素等外加营养素对苹果酒酒精发酵结束后结合SO2量的影响。结果表明，磷酸氢二铵、硫酸铵、硫胺素的添加能够在不同程度上降低酒精发酵结束后结合SO2的量；酒精发酵结束后结合SO2(Y1)的量与磷酸氢二铵(x1)、硫酸铵(x2)的添加量关系显著，回归方程为Y1=67．22-3．075X1^2 5．48X1X2-4．685X1～3．676X2^2，相关系数为0．7543。     

玉米原料纳米化处理对酒精发酵的影响

对经纳米化处理的玉米原料和未经纳米化处理的玉米原料进行了发酵对比研究。结果表明，在糖化条件及发酵条件相同的情况下，原料不经纳米化处理，其酒精浓度为13．2％(v/v)；而原料先纳米化处理后糖化，酒精浓度为14．1％(v/v)，原料先糖化后纳米化处理，酒精浓度为15．1％(v/v)，分别比未经纳米化处理的酒精产量提高了6．81％和14.39％。     

啤酒中二氧化碳的探讨

从理论上讲，100克葡萄糖经发酵约可得到51．4克的酒精，46．29克的二氧化碳和酵母物质，实际上只有96％的糖转变为酒精和二氧化碳，2．5％生成发酵副产物，1．5％合成酵母新细胞。     

芭蕉芋糖化液酒精发酵条件研究

对芭蕉芋糖化液的三角瓶酒精发酵条件进行了研究。通过单因素实验和正交优化实验，确定种子培养基为含葡萄糖16．1％的芭蕉芋糖化液添加1％玉米浆和0．2％尿素，种子培养条件为33℃，15r/min摇床培养17h，接种量10％。发酵培养基为含葡萄糖16．1％2芭蕉芋糖液中尿素0．2％和玉米浆2％。发酵初始pH值4．3，33℃下静置发酵。在此发酵条件下可从16．1％的糖液中得到9．43％（v/v)的酒精，达到葡萄糖理论转化率的91．0％。     

甜高粱茎秆汁液酒精发酵及其经济可行性研究

研究了（NH4）SO4，KH2PO4和MgSO4对甜高粱茎秆汁液酒精发酵的影响，并对甜高粱茎秆汁液酒精发酵的经济可行性进行了分析。结果表明，（NH4）2SO4和KH2PO4的添加有利于提高甜高粱汁酒精发酵的产量和产率，MgSO4的添加无益于酒精产量的提高；在（NH4）2SO4和KH2PO4的用量分别为2g／L和5g／L时，终酒精浓度为94．5g／L，酒精产率为0．44。经济性分析表明，甜高粱茎秆汁液酒精发酵生产酒精可以获得很好的经济效益。     

以木糖为原料的酒精发酵研究

对产朊假丝酵母山2．120，嗜鞣管囊酵母As2．1585和粗糙脉孢菌出3．1598等3种菌株在以木糖为惟一碳源的培养基上的生长和发酵情况进行研究．结果表明：嗜鞣管囊酵母As2．1585可以很好地发酵木糖生产酒精，在28℃，150r／min条件下，摇瓶发酵摩尔分数为3％的木糖72h，酒精体积分数达到最大值0．63％，木糖利用率为91．67％，每100g木糖产酒精22．9g，为理论酒精产率的48．7％。     

Textural Properties of Cold-set Gels Induced from Heat-denatured Whey Protein Isolates

A 9% whey protein (WP) isolate solution at pH 7.0 was heat-denatured at 80°C for 30 min. Size-exclusion HPLC showed that native WP formed soluble aggregates after heat-treatment. Additions of CaCl2 (10–40 mM), NaCl (50–400 mM) or glucono-delta-lactone (GDL, 0.4–2.0%, w/v) or hydrolysis by a protease from Bacillus licheniformis caused gelation of the denatured solution at 45°C. Textural parameters, hardness, adhesiveness, and cohesiveness of the gels so formed changed markedly with concentration of added salts or pH by added GDL. Maximum gel hardness occurred at 200 mM NaCl or pH 4.7. Increasing CaCl2 concentration continuously increased gel hardness. Generally, GDL-induced gels were harder than salt-induced gels, and much harder than the protease-induced gel.     

Occurrence of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in fish canned in oil

The levels of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) were quantified as part of a European survey on the migration of residues of epoxy resins into oil from canned fish. The contents of BFDGE in cans, lids and fish collected from all 15 Member States of the European Union and Switzerland were analysed in 382 samples. Cans and lids were separately extracted with acetonitrile. The extraction from fish was carried out with hexane followed by re-extraction with acetonitrile. The analysis was performed by reverse phase HPL C with fluorescence detection. BFDGE could be detected in 12% of the fish, 24% of the cans and 18% of the lids. Only 3% of the fish contained BFDGE in concentrations considerably above 1mg/kg. In addition to the presented data, a comparison was made with the levels of BADGE (bisphenol-A-diglycidyl ether)analysed in the same products in the context of a previous study.     

Contribution of European research to risk analysis

The European Commission's, Quality of Life Research Programme, Key Action 1—Health, Food & Nutrition is mission-oriented and aims, amongst other things, at providing a healthy, safe and high-quality food supply leading to reinforced consumer confidence in the safety of European food. Its objectives also include the enhancing of the competitiveness of the European food supply. Key Action 1 is currently supporting a number of different types of European collaborative projects in the area of risk analysis. The objectives of these projects range from the development and validation of prevention strategies including the reduction of consumers risks; development and validation of new modelling approaches; harmonization of risk assessment principles, methodologies, and terminology; standardization of methods and systems used for the safety evaluation of transgenic food; providing of tools for the evaluation of human viral contamination of shellfish and quality control; new methodologies for assessing the potential of unintended effects of genetically modified (genetically modified) foods; development of a risk assessment model for Cryptosporidium parvum related to the food and water industries; to the development of a communication platform for genetically modified organism, producers, retailers, regulatory authorities and consumer groups to improve safety assessment procedures, risk management strategies and risk communication; development and validation of new methods for safety testing of transgenic food; evaluation of the safety and efficacy of iron supplementation in pregnant women; evaluation of the potential cancer-preventing activity of pro- and pre-biotic ('synbiotic') combinations in human volunteers. An overview of these projects is presented here.     

低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性

为研究低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性,以经低温脱脂的带皮菜籽粕为原料,经微粉碎后筛分成212~425μm、150~212μm和106~150μm的3个不同粒级的微粉样品,检测这些样品的吸水性、吸油性、乳化性和乳化稳定性、蛋白质体外消化率。结果表明:1 3个不同粒级的微粉样品之间的粗纤维含量存在显著差异,表明三者的结构组成成分有一定差异。23个微粉样品的乳化活性和乳化稳定性随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。33个微粉样品的蛋白质体外消化率随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。4不同粒级带皮菜籽粕微粉样品的吸水性与吸油性受其结构组成物质不同和粒度的双重影响,与粒度的相关性不明显。     

Microbiology of food taints

Fresh and processed foods are often spoilt by the presence of undesirable flavours and odours caused by microbial action. The aim of this paper is to review the current knowledge of microbiologically induced taints that occur in a wide range of foodstuffs, including meats, poultry, fish, crustaceans, milk, dairy products, fruits, vegetables, cereals and cereal products. Examples have been chosen where the compounds responsible for the taint have been identified and sufficient data obtained to demonstrate the involvement of microorganisms. However, in some cases the full identity of the causative organism may not have been elucidated. The types of microorganisms covered by this review include bacteria, fungi, yeasts, actinomycetes and cyanobacteria. Although cyanobacteria do not in general infect foods, their presence in aqueous systems and water supplies can lead to off-flavours in aquatic organisms and processed foodstuffs. Several examples of each of these processes are discussed. Wherever possible, the likely biosynthetic pathway used by the microorganism to produce the offending compound in a foodstuff is indicated.     

Analysis for organic residues from aids to polymerization used to make plastics intended for food contact

Polymers intended for food contact use have been analysed for organic residues which could be attributed to a range of substances employed as polymerization aids (e.g. initiators and catalysts). A wide range of polymers was extracted with solvents and the extracts analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The overwhelming majority of substances identified were not derived from aids to polymerization but were oligomers, additives and adventitious contaminants. However, a small number of substances were identified as initiator residues. These included tetramethylsuccinonitrile (TMSN) which was observed in two polymers and it derived from recombination of two azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) initiator radicals. Methyl benzoate, benzoic acid, biphenyl and phenyl benzoate were detected in one poly(methyl methacrylate) sample and in two polyvinylchlorides and they are thought to be derived from benzoyl peroxide initiator. TMSN was subsequently targeted for analysis of poly-(methyl methacrylate) plastics using proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry (¹     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part II: Medium molecular weight permeants

Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of different medium molecular weight model permeants: bisphenol A, warfarin and anthracene, from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 microns-thick orientated polypropylene--OPP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. The characterization of permeation kinetics generally observed the permeation models previously reported to explain the experimental permeation results obtained for a low molecular weight group of model permeants. In general, the model permeants exhibited behaviour consistent with their relative molecular weights with respect to (a) the time taken to attain steady-state permeation into the food simulant in which they were more soluble, (b) their subsequent steady-state permeation rates, and (c) their partition between liquid paraffin and the OPP membrane.     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. I: Interlaboratory studies of methods of analysis

This paper describes the first part of a project undertaken to develop mussel reference materials for Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning (PSP) toxins. Two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin (STX) and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin (dc-STX) in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the second part of the project: the certification exercise. In the first study, 18 laboratories were asked to measure STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and to identify as many other PSP toxins as possible with a method of their choice. In the second interlaboratory study, 15 laboratories were additionally asked to determine quantitatively STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The first study revealed that three out of four postcolumn derivatization methods and one pre-column derivatization method sufficed in principle to determine STX and dc-STX. Most participants (13 of 18) obtained acceptable calibration curves and recoveries. Saxitoxin was hardly detected in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels and results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 58% at a mass fraction of 1.86 mg/kg. Most participants (14 out of 18) identified gonyautoxin-5 (GTX-5) in a hydrolysed extract provided. The first study led to provisional criteria for linearity, recovery and separation. The second study revealed that 6 out of 15 laboratories were able to meet these criteria. Results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 3.49mg/kg. Results obtained for STX in the saxitoxin-enriched material yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 0.34mg/kg. Saxitoxin could not be detected in the PSP-positive material. Hydrolysis was useful to confirm the identity of GTX5 and provided indicative information about C1 and C2 toxins in the PSP-positive material. The methods used in the second interlaboratory study showed sufficiently consistent analysis results to undertake a certification exercise to assign certified values for STX and dc-STX in lyophilized mussel.     

Focus on China's Paper Industry

In the English section of this issue, 〈China Paper Newsletters〉 will introduce ＂National Development and Reform Commission Issued Announcement for Selection of Major Preliminary Research Projects for the ＇13th Five-Year Plan＇＂, ＂2013 Annual Report of China＇s Paper Industry＂, and news of projects and other policies.     

Listen to downstream & search for innovation

正Nowadays,textile enterprises are all taking efforts in transformation and upgrading,like improving producing capacity and optimizing production structure to face market downturn.It claimed a higher request to the standard of textile equipments.In the upcoming of ITMA ASIA+CITME 2014exhibition,this magazine have interviewed several branch associations and a series of relative enterprises,to summarize industrial developing status