进口羊毛应注意的几个问题

羊毛是纺织工业的重要生产原料，进口羊毛是我国的法检商品。近年来，随着国际市场羊毛价格的不断上扬，我国进口羊毛面临着严峻形势。一方面，羊毛价格的上涨，导致生产成本大幅增加，企业难以承受；另一方面，国际市场羊毛原料供求矛盾突出，羊毛质量下降。为维护我国的合法经济权益，促进纺织工业持续发     

阿根廷羊毛在粗纺中的应用

介绍阿根廷羊毛的性能及用阿根廷羊毛生产雪花大衣呢的生产工艺，并通过阿根廷羊毛产品与澳大利亚羊毛产品性能的对比，说明阿根廷羊毛与澳新羊毛一样，能广泛应用于粗梳毛纺工业。     

1998～2002年世界羊毛市场趋势

一、价格对羊毛生产起决定作用据有关组织的羊毛研究报告，今后5年内全球羊毛生产格局可能仍维持目前状况，价格将继续在原毛生产决策中起重要作用，主要羊毛生产商仍将保持他们在世界羊毛生产中所占的传统份额．国际羊毛局（IWS）组织的羊毛市场研究组织（WRG），在对2002年以前的世界羊毛供给预测中认为：1997／98年度羊毛价格将呈上升趋势。澳东部市场指数（EMI）预计，尽管羊毛价格不太可能达到80年代的水平，但今后的5年内羊毛价格将呈升势．国际传统羊毛市场经济环境的改善，以及亚洲、中欧地区对羊毛需求的持续上升，都将有助于…     

发展我国细毛羊产业之我见

我国细毛羊正处在一个新的发展起点我国是世界羊毛主要生产国，更是最大毛纺织品加工出口国，对羊毛原料需求量大，国产羊毛只能满足1／3，每年大量进口羊毛。羊毛是我国供需缺口最大的畜产品．2009年进口羊毛23．29万吨。从世界羊毛生产情况来看，     

加强羊毛质量管理 维护新疆羊毛质量声誉

近年来，随着羊毛市场的放开，许多羊毛经营者不执行国家《绵羊毛》标准，混等混级，以次充好，论堆收购、销售，不实行净毛计价等不规范经营行为，使得新疆羊毛市场混乱、质量下降、价格下滑，损坏了新疆羊毛在内地的声誉，挫伤了农牧民饲养细毛羊的积极性。为了提高新疆羊毛质量，维护新疆羊毛的声誉，     

羊毛蛋白酶减量细化的研究

用不同的方法对羊毛进行细化处理，考查了不同蛋白酶制剂、不同处理条件对羊毛细度、减量率、强度的影响。实验表明：碱性蛋白酶对羊毛纤维的减量效果比酸性蛋白酶要好，用蛋白酶与氧化剂同时对羊毛纤维进行处理，在取得较好减量效果时，也对羊毛纤维造成较大损伤，在进行酶处理前，用保护剂对羊毛纤维进行预处理，可以降低羊毛纤维的强力损失。     

羊毛和羊毛/聚酰胺织物的脱乙酰甲壳质处理

为了销售可机洗的羊毛服装，必须对羊毛进行防缩处理，使纯羊毛和羊毛混纺织物中的羊毛毡缩最小。在应用合成聚合物的Hercosett羊毛防缩法之前，羊毛防缩处理的最重要的发展之一是羊毛的氯化处理，但由于人们日益加强的环境意识，有关法规得到修订，因此在废水中会产生高毒性的AOX(可吸附有机卤化物)的羊毛氯化处理应用受到限制。     

羊毛在运动面料上的应用研究进展

为充分发挥羊毛的特性，将羊毛更好地应用在运动面料领域，系统地介绍羊毛纤维热湿性能及其改性方法，并介绍羊毛与其他功能性纤维、高性能纤维混纺及混织用于运动面料的优势，综述近年来羊毛在运动面料上应用的国内外研究进展。目前，羊毛在湿热性能方面的优势已得到广泛研究，主要是通过物理和化学改性，以改善其吸湿性能；羊毛纤维与其他纤维混纺利用了各种纤维的优势整合。通过探讨羊毛纤维在运动面料上的应用，并对其研究应用前景进行展望，对羊毛纤维在运动领域的应用具有重要意义。     

Novol Lan L蛋白酶在羊毛低温染色中的应用

为克服羊毛常规染色温度高、羊毛损伤大、耗费能源的不足，选用Novol Lan L蛋白酶先对毛织物进行处理，低温染色即可达到羊毛常规染色的效果。此方法可保持羊毛柔软的手感，降低羊毛的损伤，节省能源，优点突出。     

缩小兔羊毛纤维同浴染色颜色差异的探讨

同浴染色的兔羊毛纤维，兔毛的染料上染率高于羊毛，但兔毛的颜色比羊毛淡，原因是兔羊毛的细度，比重和对光的反射率不同。实验表明，选用在兔羊毛上上染差异大的染料，适当提高染色ｐＨ值，添加适量平平加０可以显著缩小它们的颜色差异。     

Textural Properties of Cold-set Gels Induced from Heat-denatured Whey Protein Isolates

A 9% whey protein (WP) isolate solution at pH 7.0 was heat-denatured at 80°C for 30 min. Size-exclusion HPLC showed that native WP formed soluble aggregates after heat-treatment. Additions of CaCl2 (10–40 mM), NaCl (50–400 mM) or glucono-delta-lactone (GDL, 0.4–2.0%, w/v) or hydrolysis by a protease from Bacillus licheniformis caused gelation of the denatured solution at 45°C. Textural parameters, hardness, adhesiveness, and cohesiveness of the gels so formed changed markedly with concentration of added salts or pH by added GDL. Maximum gel hardness occurred at 200 mM NaCl or pH 4.7. Increasing CaCl2 concentration continuously increased gel hardness. Generally, GDL-induced gels were harder than salt-induced gels, and much harder than the protease-induced gel.     

Occurrence of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in fish canned in oil

The levels of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) were quantified as part of a European survey on the migration of residues of epoxy resins into oil from canned fish. The contents of BFDGE in cans, lids and fish collected from all 15 Member States of the European Union and Switzerland were analysed in 382 samples. Cans and lids were separately extracted with acetonitrile. The extraction from fish was carried out with hexane followed by re-extraction with acetonitrile. The analysis was performed by reverse phase HPL C with fluorescence detection. BFDGE could be detected in 12% of the fish, 24% of the cans and 18% of the lids. Only 3% of the fish contained BFDGE in concentrations considerably above 1mg/kg. In addition to the presented data, a comparison was made with the levels of BADGE (bisphenol-A-diglycidyl ether)analysed in the same products in the context of a previous study.     

Contribution of European research to risk analysis

The European Commission's, Quality of Life Research Programme, Key Action 1—Health, Food & Nutrition is mission-oriented and aims, amongst other things, at providing a healthy, safe and high-quality food supply leading to reinforced consumer confidence in the safety of European food. Its objectives also include the enhancing of the competitiveness of the European food supply. Key Action 1 is currently supporting a number of different types of European collaborative projects in the area of risk analysis. The objectives of these projects range from the development and validation of prevention strategies including the reduction of consumers risks; development and validation of new modelling approaches; harmonization of risk assessment principles, methodologies, and terminology; standardization of methods and systems used for the safety evaluation of transgenic food; providing of tools for the evaluation of human viral contamination of shellfish and quality control; new methodologies for assessing the potential of unintended effects of genetically modified (genetically modified) foods; development of a risk assessment model for Cryptosporidium parvum related to the food and water industries; to the development of a communication platform for genetically modified organism, producers, retailers, regulatory authorities and consumer groups to improve safety assessment procedures, risk management strategies and risk communication; development and validation of new methods for safety testing of transgenic food; evaluation of the safety and efficacy of iron supplementation in pregnant women; evaluation of the potential cancer-preventing activity of pro- and pre-biotic ('synbiotic') combinations in human volunteers. An overview of these projects is presented here.     

低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性

为研究低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性,以经低温脱脂的带皮菜籽粕为原料,经微粉碎后筛分成212~425μm、150~212μm和106~150μm的3个不同粒级的微粉样品,检测这些样品的吸水性、吸油性、乳化性和乳化稳定性、蛋白质体外消化率。结果表明:1 3个不同粒级的微粉样品之间的粗纤维含量存在显著差异,表明三者的结构组成成分有一定差异。23个微粉样品的乳化活性和乳化稳定性随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。33个微粉样品的蛋白质体外消化率随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。4不同粒级带皮菜籽粕微粉样品的吸水性与吸油性受其结构组成物质不同和粒度的双重影响,与粒度的相关性不明显。     

Microbiology of food taints

Fresh and processed foods are often spoilt by the presence of undesirable flavours and odours caused by microbial action. The aim of this paper is to review the current knowledge of microbiologically induced taints that occur in a wide range of foodstuffs, including meats, poultry, fish, crustaceans, milk, dairy products, fruits, vegetables, cereals and cereal products. Examples have been chosen where the compounds responsible for the taint have been identified and sufficient data obtained to demonstrate the involvement of microorganisms. However, in some cases the full identity of the causative organism may not have been elucidated. The types of microorganisms covered by this review include bacteria, fungi, yeasts, actinomycetes and cyanobacteria. Although cyanobacteria do not in general infect foods, their presence in aqueous systems and water supplies can lead to off-flavours in aquatic organisms and processed foodstuffs. Several examples of each of these processes are discussed. Wherever possible, the likely biosynthetic pathway used by the microorganism to produce the offending compound in a foodstuff is indicated.     

Analysis for organic residues from aids to polymerization used to make plastics intended for food contact

Polymers intended for food contact use have been analysed for organic residues which could be attributed to a range of substances employed as polymerization aids (e.g. initiators and catalysts). A wide range of polymers was extracted with solvents and the extracts analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The overwhelming majority of substances identified were not derived from aids to polymerization but were oligomers, additives and adventitious contaminants. However, a small number of substances were identified as initiator residues. These included tetramethylsuccinonitrile (TMSN) which was observed in two polymers and it derived from recombination of two azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) initiator radicals. Methyl benzoate, benzoic acid, biphenyl and phenyl benzoate were detected in one poly(methyl methacrylate) sample and in two polyvinylchlorides and they are thought to be derived from benzoyl peroxide initiator. TMSN was subsequently targeted for analysis of poly-(methyl methacrylate) plastics using proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry (¹     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part II: Medium molecular weight permeants

Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of different medium molecular weight model permeants: bisphenol A, warfarin and anthracene, from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 microns-thick orientated polypropylene--OPP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. The characterization of permeation kinetics generally observed the permeation models previously reported to explain the experimental permeation results obtained for a low molecular weight group of model permeants. In general, the model permeants exhibited behaviour consistent with their relative molecular weights with respect to (a) the time taken to attain steady-state permeation into the food simulant in which they were more soluble, (b) their subsequent steady-state permeation rates, and (c) their partition between liquid paraffin and the OPP membrane.     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. I: Interlaboratory studies of methods of analysis

This paper describes the first part of a project undertaken to develop mussel reference materials for Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning (PSP) toxins. Two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin (STX) and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin (dc-STX) in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the second part of the project: the certification exercise. In the first study, 18 laboratories were asked to measure STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and to identify as many other PSP toxins as possible with a method of their choice. In the second interlaboratory study, 15 laboratories were additionally asked to determine quantitatively STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The first study revealed that three out of four postcolumn derivatization methods and one pre-column derivatization method sufficed in principle to determine STX and dc-STX. Most participants (13 of 18) obtained acceptable calibration curves and recoveries. Saxitoxin was hardly detected in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels and results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 58% at a mass fraction of 1.86 mg/kg. Most participants (14 out of 18) identified gonyautoxin-5 (GTX-5) in a hydrolysed extract provided. The first study led to provisional criteria for linearity, recovery and separation. The second study revealed that 6 out of 15 laboratories were able to meet these criteria. Results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 3.49mg/kg. Results obtained for STX in the saxitoxin-enriched material yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 0.34mg/kg. Saxitoxin could not be detected in the PSP-positive material. Hydrolysis was useful to confirm the identity of GTX5 and provided indicative information about C1 and C2 toxins in the PSP-positive material. The methods used in the second interlaboratory study showed sufficiently consistent analysis results to undertake a certification exercise to assign certified values for STX and dc-STX in lyophilized mussel.     

The Ministry of Environmental Protection Issued "Feasible Technology Guidelines for Pollution Prevention and Control in Wood Pulping Process of the Paper Industry (Trial)" and Two Other Guiding Technical Documents

On December 27t＂, 2013, the Ministry of Environmenta Protection announced that, in order to implement ＂The Environmental Protection Law of the People＇ s Republic of China＂, improve the working system in environmenta protection technologies, and promote technologica advancement in pollution prevention, the Ministry of Environmental Protection sponsored the formulation of three guiding technical documents including ＂Feasible Technology Guidelines for Pollution Prevention and Contro n Wood Pulping Process of the Paper Industry （Trial）＂     

1~(st) Intelli-Tissue~ EcoEc Tissue Machine Supplied by PMP Group Successfully Put into Operation in China

正On April 29th,2014,Intelli-Tissue EcoEc tissue machine supplied by PMP Group successfully put into operation at Hebei Xuesong Paper Co.,Ltd.,this is the first such kind of paper machine of PMP Group in China.