高相对分子质量水溶性大豆多糖对鸡蛋涂膜保鲜效果的影响

以豆渣为原料,采用弱酸高温热提取法及超滤技术制备高相对分子质量水溶性大豆多糖;并以其为主要材料,辅以一定量的山梨酸钾和海藻酸钠制成涂膜保鲜剂。研究该新型涂膜保鲜剂在室温的贮藏条件(温度30℃、相对湿度40%～60%)下对鸡蛋的涂膜保鲜效果。结果表明:该涂膜剂对蛋壳表面气孔具有很好的封闭作用;且该涂膜剂组的鸡蛋在贮藏30d时仍为A级蛋,品质优良。     

不同保鲜剂对竹荪蛋的保鲜效果

本文研究了不同保鲜剂处理对新鲜竹荪蛋贮藏期间保鲜效果的影响。分别以不同浓度的壳聚糖、卡拉胶和抗坏血酸为涂膜剂对竹荪蛋进行涂膜处理,以蒸馏水为对照,用PE保鲜袋包装后置于4℃条件下贮藏,研究竹荪蛋贮藏期间失重率、色差值、可溶性蛋白含量、游离氨基酸含量和PPO活性等指标的变化。研究表明:各个保鲜剂的最佳处理浓度分别为壳聚糖1.2%、卡拉胶0.1%、抗坏血酸的浓度0.1%,3种保鲜剂均能减缓失重率的上升,抑制PPO活性,使PPO活性峰值延缓出现4d,壳聚糖和卡拉胶处理对抑制蛋白质分解为游离氨基酸有一定效果,抗坏血酸处理能较好的保持竹荪蛋的色泽,维持可溶性蛋白含量。综合评价3种保鲜剂对竹荪蛋的保鲜效果,0.1%浓度抗坏血酸保鲜效果最佳,贮藏结束后失重率为0.64%,白度值为50.73,可溶性蛋白含量为3.05 mg/g,游离氨基酸含量为327.73 mg/100 g。PPO活性为1.86ΔOD420/(min·g),均优于对照组。     

蜂胶、CMC、山梨酸钾在冷却肉保鲜中的交互效应研究

用蜂胶,CMC和山梨酸钾复合制成保鲜涂膜剂,对冷鲜肉涂膜处理、保鲜膜包装后,(4±1℃)储藏鲜肉,以细菌总数和挥发性盐基氮作为评价鲜肉储藏效果的指标。以正交试验探讨这种复合涂膜保鲜剂对冷鲜肉保鲜效果的影响,结果表明。蜂胶、CMC和山梨酸钾对冷鲜肉的抑菌保鲜具有明显的协同增效作用,并由0.6%蜂胶醇溶液、1%CMC、0.05%山梨酸钾和0.6%蜂胶醇溶液、1.5%CMC、0.1%山梨酸钾两种配方所配制成的涂膜剂对冷却肉的保鲜效果最显著。     

草莓复合涂膜保鲜效果的研究

以草莓为实验原料,采用魔芋精粉、丁香提取物和氯化钙复合涂膜方法对草莓进行涂膜保鲜实验。选择失重率和Vc含量为指标,以单因素实验和正交实验优化保鲜膜配方,结果表明,常温下,魔芋精粉浓度0.5%、丁香提取物浓度2.0%、氯化钙浓度1.2%的复合涂膜剂对草莓的保鲜效果最好,有效地延长了保质期。该最佳配比的复合涂膜剂在低温下对草莓的保鲜效果比在室温下更显著,相关指标明显优于室温下的涂膜组。     

蜈蚣藻多糖与卡拉胶复合涂膜保鲜剂影响杨梅常温贮藏的影响

以蜈蚣藻多糖和蜈蚣藻多糖与卡拉胶复配胶为涂膜基质,以CaCl2 和甘油为成膜助剂,配制成复合涂膜保鲜剂,研究常温(28～32℃)、相对湿度68%～86% 条件下该复合涂膜保鲜剂对杨梅品质及其生理生化变化的影响。结果表明：常温下经蜈蚣藻多糖和蜈蚣藻多糖与卡拉胶复合涂膜保鲜剂涂膜保鲜的杨梅与对照组相比,果实裂果率、霉烂率、失重率明显降低,抑制了果实的呼吸率;有机酸、VC 等营养成分转化、流失的速度减慢,有效抑制了MDA、花青素含量和相对电导率的升高,使PPO、POD、PAL 酶活性处于较低的水平,延缓果实的衰老过程。其中,蜈蚣藻多糖涂膜保鲜剂的效果优于蜈蚣藻多糖与卡拉胶复合涂膜保鲜剂。     

可食性复合涂膜保鲜剂对延长鲜切苹果货架期的研究

本文主要研究了可食性涂膜剂与抗褐变剂复配后对鲜切苹果的保鲜效果。研究表明:25℃条件下,苹果切块经卡拉胶(0.5%)涂膜剂和乳清浓缩蛋白WPC(5%)涂膜剂处理后,其呼吸强度可分别降低5%和20%。在可食性涂膜剂中添加不同的抗褐变剂对苹果切块有良好的护色效果,添加1%CaCl2可增加产品的硬度,同时这些复合保鲜剂可提高苹果切块的感官指标和抑制微生物繁殖,而5%WPC涂膜液+1%CaCl2+1%抗坏血酸复合液浸泡苹果切块,3℃条件下贮藏2w后保鲜效果最佳。     

绿竹笋涂膜保鲜研究

以最不耐藏的绿竹笋为原料,通过魔芋涂膜及固体鲜原料进行试验,并采用聚乙烯薄膜包装,在3℃条件下进行贮藏,得出涂膜及固体保鲜剂联合使用时保鲜效果最好。营养指标变化较小,笋体的老化受到明显的抑制,并能保持良好的外观品质,其保鲜期可达24d以上。     

不同涂膜保鲜剂对蒙自甜石榴冷藏品质的影响

目的探讨羧甲基纤维素钠(CMC)、海藻酸钠、魔芋和果胶4种涂膜保鲜剂对冷藏石榴品质的影响。方法以蒙自"甜绿籽"石榴为试验材料,涂膜处理后,在(5±1)℃低温冷藏,测定石榴籽粒中可溶性固形物、总糖、总酸、维生素C和腐烂率等指标随冷藏时间的变化。结果果胶涂膜处理能显著延缓贮藏期间可溶性固形物、总糖、总酸含量的下降,提高冷藏期间石榴的营养品质,效果优于其他涂膜保鲜剂;CMC涂膜处理能显著降低石榴的腐烂率,可延缓维生素C和可溶性固形物的损失;海藻酸钠涂膜处理可延缓可溶性固形物含量的降低,但是对维生素C、总糖、总酸和腐烂率无显著效果;魔芋涂膜处理能延缓总糖、总酸含量的下降,但是使腐烂率显著升高。结论果胶和CMC涂膜处理对冷藏石榴均有良好的保鲜效果。     

正交试验优化魔芋葡甘聚糖复合膜配方及其对青椒的保鲜作用

以魔芋葡甘聚糖为膜基质,利用5因素2水平正交试验筛选对青椒具有良好保鲜作用的涂膜保鲜剂组合,分析其对青椒的衰老指数、丙二醛(MDA)含量、VC含量和叶绿素含量的影响。结果表明：青椒的最佳复合涂膜剂组合为8.0g/L魔芋精粉+1.0g/L曲酸+0.4g/L EDTA+0.1g/L抗坏血酸+0.35%甘油。该涂膜组合处理青椒,贮藏30d后,衰老指数为0.32,MDA、VC含量和叶绿素含量分别为0.87nmol/g、25.0mg/100g和0.08mg/g,保鲜效果明显优于对照。     

丁香及甘草提取液与壳聚糖季铵盐复合涂膜对蓝莓的保鲜作用

为提高壳聚糖季铵盐(quaternary ammonium salt of chitosan,HTCC)涂膜剂对蓝莓的保鲜作用,在HTCC溶液中分别添加0.5%的丁香和甘草提取液并对蓝莓进行涂膜,研究在4℃下这两种复合涂膜对蓝莓的保鲜效果。结果表明:与单独HTCC涂膜相比,两种复合涂膜均可以降低蓝莓的失重率,减少V_C含量和硬度的降低,减缓花青素的变化,具有较好的保鲜效果。且添加丁香提取液的涂膜的保鲜效果要好于添加甘草提取液的涂膜,因此0.5%的丁香提取液可以较好的提高HTCC涂膜的保鲜效果,有利于蓝莓的贮藏。     

Performance of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC)-lipid edible coatings with antifungal food additives during cold storage of ‘Clemenules’ mandarins

The performance of edible composite coatings containing hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC), hydrophobic components (beeswax and shellac), and food preservatives as antifungal ingredients was evaluated on ‘Clemenules’ clementine mandarins. Tested preservatives included potassium sorbate (PS), sodium benzoate (SB), sodium propionate (SP), and their mixtures. Intact fruit or fruit artificially inoculated with Penicillium digitatum or Penicillium italicum, the causal agents of citrus postharvest green (GM) and blue (BM) molds, respectively, were coated and stored up to 30 d at 5 °C plus 7 d at 20 °C of shelf-life. During cold storage, all HPMC-lipid coatings containing food additives significantly reduced the development of both GM and BM, although the performance was better against GM. When coated fruit were transferred to 20 °C, all coatings lost effectiveness. SB + PS-based coating was the most effective to reduce disease severity. All the coatings effectively reduced weight loss and maintained rind firmness of coated ‘Clemenules’ mandarins. The coatings did not adversely affect the ethanol content of the juice, sensory flavor, and fruit appearance. Although the internal gas concentration of coated fruit was modified, the coatings did not induce off-flavor.     

7种天然防腐剂对气调包装酱卤肉制品的抑菌效果

以气调包装卤鸭脖、卤鸭翅为研究对象,采用选择性培养基对腐败菌进行分离,通过测定抑菌率,比较研究了7种天然食品防腐剂:天然食用香料、香辛料、发酵醋-01、果蔬汁、复配防腐剂-01、复配防腐剂-02和醋粉-02的抑菌效果。结果表明,卤鸭脖的优势腐败菌为乳酸菌、微球菌、大肠菌群;卤鸭翅的优势腐败菌为乳酸菌、酵母菌、大肠菌群。7种防腐剂对以上腐败菌均有一定的抑菌效果,综合分析抑菌效果由高到低为:发酵醋-01>香辛料>醋粉-02>复配防腐剂-01≈复配防腐剂-02≈天然食用香料≈果蔬汁。通过比较以上防腐剂对不同产品总微生物的抑菌效果,发现除发酵醋-01(抑菌率均为100%)外,其余6种天然防腐剂对卤鸭翅的抑菌效果优于卤鸭脖。     

Nanoemulsion as advanced edible coatings to preserve the quality of fresh-cut fruits and vegetables: a review

The increasing consumer's demand regarding the healthy diet has promoted the research towards novel approaches for preserving minimally processed fruits and vegetables without the necessity of using preservatives. Emulsion-based edible coatings technology is considered a valuable alternative to improve fresh-cut fruit and vegetable quality. This review discusses some recent advances for the preservation of the quality and safety of fresh-cut fruits and vegetables with respect to the use of nanoemulsion-based edible coatings as carrier of functional compounds such as antimicrobial agents, antioxidants and texture enhancers. It focuses especially on the use of natural functional compounds in food preservation as an alternative to synthetic additives. Moreover, the preparation and characterisation of nanoemulsion are also reviewed.     

Natural Antimicrobial Edible Coatings for Microbial Safety and Food Quality Enhancement

Natural antimicrobial agents have been investigated as alternatives to synthetic ones for ensuring food safety and quality. However, the practical use of these preservatives in the food industry is limited due to their negative impact on the odor and taste of food products, as well as the early loss of functionality due to their rapid diffusion and interaction with food components. The incorporation of natural antimicrobial agents into edible coatings has been investigated to control diffusion of active compounds and maintain their concentrations at a critical level on a food surface. Recently, nanoencapsulating and multilayered/nanolaminate delivery systems have emerged as promising tools to enhance the functionality of edible coatings. This review highlights the potential use of polymeric edible coatings for the incorporation of natural antimicrobial agents and the improvement of their controlled release in food systems. The methods used to assess the antimicrobial activity of encapsulated natural antimicrobial agents and the most recent findings regarding the application of nanoencapsulating and multilayered/nanolaminate delivery systems in food products are also discussed.     

芦荟凝胶原汁体系的防腐

研究了6种防腐剂对芦荟凝胶原汁的抑菌效果,其由强至弱的顺序为尼泊金丙酯、尼泊金乙酯、尼泊金甲酯、苯甲酸钠、山梨酸钾、丙酸钙.防腐剂功效测试和最低抑菌浓度的实验结果均表明,对于芦荟体系实际应用而言,苯甲酸钠的防腐抑菌能力最佳,山梨酸钾次之,丙酸钙最差.苯甲酸钠的有效抑菌浓度为0.08%;山梨酸钾的有效抑菌浓度为0.10%;丙酸钙虽有一定的抑菌作用,但是,当整个体系中细菌总数较高时,就不能有效抑制细菌繁殖.防腐剂的抑菌效果取决于防腐剂的浓度和体系被微生物污染的程度.     

功能性可食用膜在生鲜肉和肉制品保鲜中的应用研究进展

近年来,无论是在包装领域还是食品保鲜领域,可食用膜都受到了国内外学者的极大关注。随着对其研究的深入,更多形式的可食用膜用于生鲜肉和肉制品保鲜。目前研究的热点主要集中于功能性可食用膜,但对于这种可食用膜的研究主要集中于果蔬制品上,其在生鲜肉和肉制品上的应用研究比较零散。本文对应用于生鲜肉和肉制品保鲜的功能性可食用膜进行较为系统的归类,对其改善生鲜肉和肉制品的品质和货架期的研究进行综述,对可食用膜与其他保鲜技术联合使用在肉制品保鲜中应用的发展进行介绍与分析。     

草莓的涂膜保鲜研究

本论文主要研究在乳状液体系中各种涂膜保鲜成分如成膜剂、保鲜剂、保湿剂和抗氧化剂等对草莓进行涂膜保鲜效果的影响。研究结果发现,涂膜材料采用乳状液体系能在草莓表面形成连续液膜,而且干燥后表面亮泽,对草莓的感官品质无任何影响。低分子量的壳聚糖既有一定成膜效果,又有良好的抗菌效果。山梨醇能起到良好的控制草莓在常温下的失重问题。抗氧化剂维生素C对控制草莓在存放过程中褐变无显著效果。     

Effect of antifungal hydroxypropyl methylcellulose-lipid edible composite coatings on Penicillium decay development and postharvest quality of cold-stored "Ortanique" mandarins

Edible composite coatings based on hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC), hydrophobic components (beeswax and shellac), and food preservatives with antifungal properties were evaluated on "Ortanique" mandarins during long-term cold storage. Selected food preservatives included potassium sorbate (PS), sodium benzoate (SB), sodium propionate (SP), and their mixtures. Intact mandarins or mandarins artificially inoculated with the pathogens Penicillium digitatum and Penicillium italicum, the causal agents of citrus postharvest green (GM) and blue (BM) molds, respectively, were coated and stored up to 8 wk at 5 °C + 1 wk of shelf-life at 20 °C. HPMC-lipid coatings containing food preservatives controlled better GM than BM on Ortanique mandarins. SB- and SB + SP-based coatings reduced the incidence of GM by about 35% after 4 wk at 5 °C. Among all coatings, only the SB-based coating reduced the incidence of GM (about 16%) after 6 wk at 5 °C. All coatings significantly reduced disease severity of both GM and BM after 6 wk at 5 °C. Analytical and sensory fruit quality was evaluated on intact mandarins. All coatings, especially the SB + SP-based coatings, were effective to control weight loss and maintain the firmness of coated mandarins. Internal gas concentration, juice ethanol and acetaldehyde content, sensory flavor, off-flavor, and fruit appearance were not adversely affected by the application of the antifungal coatings. Further studies should focus on the modification of some physical characteristics of the coatings to improve the gloss and visual aspect of treated mandarins.     

反复煎炸对4种食用植物油品质的影响

以特级初榨橄榄油、混合橄榄油、一级大豆油、一级葵花籽油作为煎炸油,以薯条、鸡翅为煎炸原料,对4种食用植物油在重复煎炸过程中发生的品质变化进行观察。方法 测定酸价、羰基价和极性组分,并进行感官评价。结果 4种食用植物油的酸价、羰基价变化与煎炸次数有关;各种食用植物油的品质变化有差别,且煎炸荤食时的品质变化比煎炸素食时的品质变化大。结论 4种食用植物油在反复煎炸后品质均有劣变趋势,但特级初榨橄榄油总的变化率处于较低水平,可见特级初榨橄榄油是煎炸油的上佳选择。     

酱油防腐剂的应用研究进展

综述了酱油防腐剂剂的种类及发展,重点概述了生物防腐剂以及天然植物提取物防腐剂的研究进展情况,酱油防腐剂的发展趋势以天然化、营养化、功能化占据主导地位,正在向生物防腐、药食同源的天然植物提取物防腐的方向发展.