鱼腥草叶总黄酮含量的测定及鉴别

以芦丁为标样,选择测定波长为502nm,用分光光度法测定鱼腥草叶总黄酮含量,结果表明:芦丁浓度在8.1248.72μg/mL范围内,吸光度和浓度呈良好的线性关系(R2=0.9998),测定的平均回收率为99.4%,精密度试验RSD=0.49%,重现性试验RSD=2.07%。该方法精密度高,结果稳定可靠。此外用纸色谱和显色反应对鱼腥草叶黄酮作了初步鉴别。     

紫外分光光度法测定栀子中西红花苷的含量

目的:利用紫外分光光度法测定栀子中西红花苷的含量。方法:西红花苷线性关系分析及该方法的精密度、重现性、稳定性和回收率考察。结果:栀子中西红花苷的平均含量为0.928%,RSD(%)0.816。结论:该方法具有较好的线性关系,精密度、重现性、稳定性和回收率都符合要求(RSD3%);此法可以作为栀子特征成分检验的依据,为其质量评价提供前期探索。     

富硒发芽糙米中γ-氨基丁酸的测定

本文采用紫外-可见光分光光度法快速测定富硒发芽糙米中γ-氨基丁酸的含量。所制定的标准曲线R2=0.9991;精密度试验RSD=0.68%，测定值之间无显著性差异（P〉95%）;回收率试验得到平均回收率为97.68%。说明结果重现性好，精密度较高，所得数据精确，该方法适合于富硒发芽糙米中γ-氨基丁酸定量分析。     

分光光度法测定桉树叶中总黄酮的含量

以芦丁为标样,用分光光度法测定桉树叶中总黄酮含量,测定波长选择510nm,以NaNOrAl(NO3)3-NaOH为显色剂,测得贺州莲塘枝树叶中总黄酮含量为4.9%,加样回收率为99.08%,精密度试验RSD为0.53%,重现性试验RSD为2.1%.     

紫外分光光度法测定糖蜜中5-羟甲基糠醛含量

采用紫外分光光度法测定甘蔗糖蜜中5-羟甲基糠醛(5-HMF)含量,以5-羟甲基糠醛为标准品,在284nm波长处对糖蜜样品进行了定量分析。测定结果表明,回归方程为Y=0.02046+0.1145X,R=0.9995,线性范围0～15μg/mL,测定精密度RSD为1.27%,重现性良好。平均回收率为97.91%,回收率RSD为1.67%(n=6),检出限为0.08μg/mL。     

重量法结合氨基酸分析法测定婴幼儿配方乳粉中小分子蛋白肽含量

目的:建立婴幼儿配方乳粉中小分子肽含量的定量分析方法。方法:分别采用凯氏定氮法、重量法、离子交换色谱等方法测定婴幼儿配方乳粉中总蛋白、高分子蛋白和游离氨基酸含量,通过计算求得小分子蛋白肽含量。结果:高分子蛋白检测精密度RSD (n=6)为0.74%;17种氨基酸回收率为91.0%～103.2%,检测结果的相对偏差为0.6%～2.5%;小分子蛋白肽添加回收率为95.2%～98.2%。结论:所建方法精密度和回收率良好,可用于婴幼儿配方乳粉中小分子肽含量的测定。     

Folin-Ciocaileu法测定鼠尾草多酚含量

采用Folin-Ciocaileu法,以没食子酸为标准品,测定鼠尾草多酚含量,用比色法测定其稳定性、精密度、重现性和加样回收率。标准曲线的回归方程为:y=0.1525x+0.018 1(R2=0.998)。本方法测得的鼠尾草中多酚含量为3.86%,5组样品的平均回收率为101.3%。本方法测定鼠尾草多酚含量具有较高的稳定性(RSD=1.63%)、重现性(RSD=3.01%)和精密度(RSD=1.02%)。     

浙产菊米中总黄酮含量的测定

利用分光光度法测定了浙产菊米中的总黄酮含量.结果表明:浙产菊米中总黄酮的质量分数为13.43%,精密度实验RSD为0.91%;回归方程为A=8.7238C-0.0034,相关系数R2=0.9994;回收率实验加样回收率为100.30%,RSD为1.14%.该方法操作简便,测定结果稳定、准确,适合测定菊米中总黄酮含量,能为菊米的质量评价提供科学依据.     

分光光度法快速检测饮料中柠檬黄的研究

食用合成色素柠檬黄是我国允许使用的食品添加剂之一,目前柠檬黄常见的测定方法主要是薄层层析法和液相色谱法等。采用分光光度法测定饮料中的柠檬黄,试验结果表明:方法的线性良好:y=33.316x+0.0006,线性相关系数r=0.9999,测定饮料中柠檬黄含量为0.01892 mg/mL,精密度好,相对标准偏差(RSD)为0.13%,测在饮料中的加标回收率在91.83%~99.44%之间。该方法适用于饮料等样品的快速检测。     

考马斯亮蓝法测定果汁中蛋白质的含量

采用考马斯亮蓝法,对不同果汁中的蛋白质含量进行了测定。结果表明:蛋白质浓度在10-80μg/mL内与吸光度有良好的线性关系(R2=0.9964);样品平均回收率(n=3)分别为99.2%、98.8%、101.8%,RSD分别为0.64%、0.81%和0.58%(n=3)。该方法具有快速、灵敏度高、重现性好等特点。     

Textural Properties of Cold-set Gels Induced from Heat-denatured Whey Protein Isolates

A 9% whey protein (WP) isolate solution at pH 7.0 was heat-denatured at 80°C for 30 min. Size-exclusion HPLC showed that native WP formed soluble aggregates after heat-treatment. Additions of CaCl2 (10–40 mM), NaCl (50–400 mM) or glucono-delta-lactone (GDL, 0.4–2.0%, w/v) or hydrolysis by a protease from Bacillus licheniformis caused gelation of the denatured solution at 45°C. Textural parameters, hardness, adhesiveness, and cohesiveness of the gels so formed changed markedly with concentration of added salts or pH by added GDL. Maximum gel hardness occurred at 200 mM NaCl or pH 4.7. Increasing CaCl2 concentration continuously increased gel hardness. Generally, GDL-induced gels were harder than salt-induced gels, and much harder than the protease-induced gel.     

Occurrence of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in fish canned in oil

The levels of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) were quantified as part of a European survey on the migration of residues of epoxy resins into oil from canned fish. The contents of BFDGE in cans, lids and fish collected from all 15 Member States of the European Union and Switzerland were analysed in 382 samples. Cans and lids were separately extracted with acetonitrile. The extraction from fish was carried out with hexane followed by re-extraction with acetonitrile. The analysis was performed by reverse phase HPL C with fluorescence detection. BFDGE could be detected in 12% of the fish, 24% of the cans and 18% of the lids. Only 3% of the fish contained BFDGE in concentrations considerably above 1mg/kg. In addition to the presented data, a comparison was made with the levels of BADGE (bisphenol-A-diglycidyl ether)analysed in the same products in the context of a previous study.     

Contribution of European research to risk analysis

The European Commission's, Quality of Life Research Programme, Key Action 1—Health, Food & Nutrition is mission-oriented and aims, amongst other things, at providing a healthy, safe and high-quality food supply leading to reinforced consumer confidence in the safety of European food. Its objectives also include the enhancing of the competitiveness of the European food supply. Key Action 1 is currently supporting a number of different types of European collaborative projects in the area of risk analysis. The objectives of these projects range from the development and validation of prevention strategies including the reduction of consumers risks; development and validation of new modelling approaches; harmonization of risk assessment principles, methodologies, and terminology; standardization of methods and systems used for the safety evaluation of transgenic food; providing of tools for the evaluation of human viral contamination of shellfish and quality control; new methodologies for assessing the potential of unintended effects of genetically modified (genetically modified) foods; development of a risk assessment model for Cryptosporidium parvum related to the food and water industries; to the development of a communication platform for genetically modified organism, producers, retailers, regulatory authorities and consumer groups to improve safety assessment procedures, risk management strategies and risk communication; development and validation of new methods for safety testing of transgenic food; evaluation of the safety and efficacy of iron supplementation in pregnant women; evaluation of the potential cancer-preventing activity of pro- and pre-biotic ('synbiotic') combinations in human volunteers. An overview of these projects is presented here.     

低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性

为研究低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性,以经低温脱脂的带皮菜籽粕为原料,经微粉碎后筛分成212~425μm、150~212μm和106~150μm的3个不同粒级的微粉样品,检测这些样品的吸水性、吸油性、乳化性和乳化稳定性、蛋白质体外消化率。结果表明:1 3个不同粒级的微粉样品之间的粗纤维含量存在显著差异,表明三者的结构组成成分有一定差异。23个微粉样品的乳化活性和乳化稳定性随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。33个微粉样品的蛋白质体外消化率随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。4不同粒级带皮菜籽粕微粉样品的吸水性与吸油性受其结构组成物质不同和粒度的双重影响,与粒度的相关性不明显。     

Microbiology of food taints

Fresh and processed foods are often spoilt by the presence of undesirable flavours and odours caused by microbial action. The aim of this paper is to review the current knowledge of microbiologically induced taints that occur in a wide range of foodstuffs, including meats, poultry, fish, crustaceans, milk, dairy products, fruits, vegetables, cereals and cereal products. Examples have been chosen where the compounds responsible for the taint have been identified and sufficient data obtained to demonstrate the involvement of microorganisms. However, in some cases the full identity of the causative organism may not have been elucidated. The types of microorganisms covered by this review include bacteria, fungi, yeasts, actinomycetes and cyanobacteria. Although cyanobacteria do not in general infect foods, their presence in aqueous systems and water supplies can lead to off-flavours in aquatic organisms and processed foodstuffs. Several examples of each of these processes are discussed. Wherever possible, the likely biosynthetic pathway used by the microorganism to produce the offending compound in a foodstuff is indicated.     

Analysis for organic residues from aids to polymerization used to make plastics intended for food contact

Polymers intended for food contact use have been analysed for organic residues which could be attributed to a range of substances employed as polymerization aids (e.g. initiators and catalysts). A wide range of polymers was extracted with solvents and the extracts analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The overwhelming majority of substances identified were not derived from aids to polymerization but were oligomers, additives and adventitious contaminants. However, a small number of substances were identified as initiator residues. These included tetramethylsuccinonitrile (TMSN) which was observed in two polymers and it derived from recombination of two azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) initiator radicals. Methyl benzoate, benzoic acid, biphenyl and phenyl benzoate were detected in one poly(methyl methacrylate) sample and in two polyvinylchlorides and they are thought to be derived from benzoyl peroxide initiator. TMSN was subsequently targeted for analysis of poly-(methyl methacrylate) plastics using proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry (¹     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part II: Medium molecular weight permeants

Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of different medium molecular weight model permeants: bisphenol A, warfarin and anthracene, from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 microns-thick orientated polypropylene--OPP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. The characterization of permeation kinetics generally observed the permeation models previously reported to explain the experimental permeation results obtained for a low molecular weight group of model permeants. In general, the model permeants exhibited behaviour consistent with their relative molecular weights with respect to (a) the time taken to attain steady-state permeation into the food simulant in which they were more soluble, (b) their subsequent steady-state permeation rates, and (c) their partition between liquid paraffin and the OPP membrane.     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. I: Interlaboratory studies of methods of analysis

This paper describes the first part of a project undertaken to develop mussel reference materials for Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning (PSP) toxins. Two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin (STX) and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin (dc-STX) in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the second part of the project: the certification exercise. In the first study, 18 laboratories were asked to measure STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and to identify as many other PSP toxins as possible with a method of their choice. In the second interlaboratory study, 15 laboratories were additionally asked to determine quantitatively STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The first study revealed that three out of four postcolumn derivatization methods and one pre-column derivatization method sufficed in principle to determine STX and dc-STX. Most participants (13 of 18) obtained acceptable calibration curves and recoveries. Saxitoxin was hardly detected in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels and results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 58% at a mass fraction of 1.86 mg/kg. Most participants (14 out of 18) identified gonyautoxin-5 (GTX-5) in a hydrolysed extract provided. The first study led to provisional criteria for linearity, recovery and separation. The second study revealed that 6 out of 15 laboratories were able to meet these criteria. Results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 3.49mg/kg. Results obtained for STX in the saxitoxin-enriched material yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 0.34mg/kg. Saxitoxin could not be detected in the PSP-positive material. Hydrolysis was useful to confirm the identity of GTX5 and provided indicative information about C1 and C2 toxins in the PSP-positive material. The methods used in the second interlaboratory study showed sufficiently consistent analysis results to undertake a certification exercise to assign certified values for STX and dc-STX in lyophilized mussel.     

The Ministry of Environmental Protection Issued "Feasible Technology Guidelines for Pollution Prevention and Control in Wood Pulping Process of the Paper Industry (Trial)" and Two Other Guiding Technical Documents

On December 27t＂, 2013, the Ministry of Environmenta Protection announced that, in order to implement ＂The Environmental Protection Law of the People＇ s Republic of China＂, improve the working system in environmenta protection technologies, and promote technologica advancement in pollution prevention, the Ministry of Environmental Protection sponsored the formulation of three guiding technical documents including ＂Feasible Technology Guidelines for Pollution Prevention and Contro n Wood Pulping Process of the Paper Industry （Trial）＂     

1~(st) Intelli-Tissue~ EcoEc Tissue Machine Supplied by PMP Group Successfully Put into Operation in China

正On April 29th,2014,Intelli-Tissue EcoEc tissue machine supplied by PMP Group successfully put into operation at Hebei Xuesong Paper Co.,Ltd.,this is the first such kind of paper machine of PMP Group in China.